• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.763-772
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• 1993

In the present communication literatures pertaining to the coat color of Jindo dogs, the natural monument of Korea, have been reviewed. It was reported that there were seven different coat colors in Jindo dogs. They are yellow, white, red, black, tiger-like, grey, and spotted. The yellow and red dogs have typical color markings called "Yibaik", and black dogs have yellow or white color markings called "Nenoonbagi". All Jindo dogs, which have 7 different coat colors with typical color markings, could be found nowadays. The pictures of those Jindo dogs were taken and presented in this communication. It was felt that the coat colors of Jindo dogs should not be limited to yellow and white. And Jindo dogs should be judged not by their coat color but by their noble characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.405-408
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• 1988

The origin of Jindo dogs has been controversial. It has been informed by words of mouth that they are the offsprings of either the digs of Sung dynasty (960~1279 A.D.) in China or the Mongolian dogs. Some breeds of dogs in Japan now have almost same appearance as Jindo dogs. The authors reviewed the history of Japan and found that Korean hunting dogs were sent to Japan in early 5th century, which was before Sung dynasty of China. Dr. Jae-Keun Ryu of National Institute of Environmental Research has done some work on serums of dogs of both Korea and Japan; the results of his serological and molecular biological studies indicated that Korean dogs were sent to Japan 1,300~2,500 years ago. Jindo dogs appear to be the descendants of the dogs of the Stone Age. They have adapted themselves to the unfavorable environment of Jindo island so that they can maintain pure line-age and wild nature until today. It was concluded that they are Korean native dogs, not the offsprings of the dogs of Sung dynasty or the Mongolian dogs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.179-183
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• 2018

A survey on the seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection among 2,197 Jindo dogs (371 males, 1,826 females) was conducted from 2011 to 2015 using an antigen test (SNAP 4Dx plus, IDEXX, USA). The overall seroprevalence of D. immitis infection in Jindo dogs was 21.8% (479/2,197), and an increase was observed in the seroprevalence of infection from 19.4% in 2011 to 25.8% in 2015. The infection rates were higher among male dogs (32.1%, 119/371) than female dogs (19.7%, 360/1,826)(P<0.01). The infection rates of D. immitis in Jindo dogs at the age of under 1 years-old, 1 to 2 years-old, 2 to 3 years-old and over 3 years old were 10.7% (76/710), 20.0% (190/950), 36.4% (156/428) and 52.3% (57/109), respectively. The older dogs had higher infection rates than the younger dogs (P<0.01). This study indicates that the prevalence rate of D. immitis in Jindo dogs is higher than previously reported in studies which utilized an antigen test.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1993

Mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA) of Mammalian is the circular one which the 16.5K base pairs and show the maternal inheritance. Evolutional speed of nucleotide sequence is very fast. So that polymorphic analysis of mt DNA provide the useful informations to investigate the genetic relations of interspecies. Authors trials were focussed to compare with the polymorphic differences of mitochondrial DNA between Jindo and Japanese mongrel dogs. DNA was extracted from bloods of 21 head of Jindo dogs and 20 head of Japanese dogs and isolated using 10 kinds of restriction endonucleases(Apa I, BamH I, Bgl II, EcoR I, EcoR V, Hinc II. Hind III, Pst I, Sty I, Xba I) and then separated by the agarose gel electrophoresis. After sourthern blotting hybridization was completed using the mtDNA of Japanese mongrel dogs as a probe. Autoradiography was used to compare the polymorphism of mtDNA both dogs. The results obtained were as follows; 1. mt DNA of Jindo dog showed polymorphism resulting cleavage with four kinds of restriction endonuclease, Apa I, EcoR V, Hinc II, Sty I. While in the Japanese mongrel dogs observed the polymorphism in the five kinds of restriction endonuclease supplemented with EcoR I. 2. Compared with both dogs the frequency differences of DNA polymorphism were recognized in the specific restriction endonuclease Apa I. Consequently in the restriction endonuclease Apa I both dogs classified with three types as A, B, C however in the Jindo dogs frequency of C type was 71.5 percent but in Japanese mongrel dogs observed 45 percent in the A type. 3. DNA polymorphism obtained from the use of five kinds of restriction endonuclease were classified with seven types. In Jindo dogs frequency was highest in the type 6 as 71.4 percent but in the Japanese mongrel dogs showed 35 percent in the type 5. 4. Genetic distances calculated by NEI method showed 0.0089 in Jindo dogs and was 0.0094 in the Japanese mongrel dogs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 with DEA 1.1 and DEA 1.2 on 122 Jindo dogs (29 males, 93 females) from 2014 to 2015 using a monoclonal antibody card kit (blood typing card kit, Korea Animal Blood Bank Inc., South Korea). Among the tested dogs, 14.8% (18/122) were positive for the DEA 1.1 antigen and 85.2% (104/122) were positive for the DEA 1.2 antigen. The prevalence of positive types for the DEA 1.2 antigen was significantly higher than the DEA 1.1 antigen (P<0.01). The prevalence of positive types for the DEA 1.1 antigen was higher in white-haired Jindo dogs than yellow-haired dogs (P<0.05). However, there was no gender difference in the prevalence of the DEA 1.1 antigen (P=0.665). The incidence of sensitization after the first transfusion without blood group test was 12.6% and the incidence of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction after the second transfusion in the same immunized dogs was 1.6%. Therefore, the blood group test for the DEA 1 antigen should be performed for Jindo dogs to ensure safe and effective transfusion therapy and further studies remain to be conducted for other DEAs among Jindo dogs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.184-188
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• 1990

Observations were made on the infection rate of common internal parasites in Jindo dogs from January to March, 1989. Fecal samples were collected from 115 Jindo dogs in Jindo area. On the basis of egg counting, the following results were obtained； 1. Of 115 fecal samples, 65.2％ were appeared as positive, Dogs from intensive dog-rearing places have lower infection rates than others. 2. Of the parasites detected, Toxocara canis was the most commonly encountered (26.1%). 3. Ascarids, flukes and coccidia were more prevalent in pups than in mature dogs, whereas hookworms were detected less often in young dogs than in older ones.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 2013

A survey of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection among 102 Jindo dogs was performed from September to October 1995, using a microfilarial test (modified Knott's test) and an antigen test (DiroCHEK, Synbiotics, USA). The infection rate of 102 Jindo dogs was 1.9% (2/102) by the modified Knott's test, but was 4.9% (5/102) by the antigen test. This result revealed that the antigen test is more accurate than the microfilarial test. Also, 222 Jindo dogs (Male 61, Female 161) were examined for Dirofilaria immitis infection from 1995 to 1997 using an antigen test (DiroCHEK, Synbiotics, USA). Twelve (5.4%) Jindo dogs were positive for Dirofilaria immitis antigen. The infection rates were higher than in male (6.6%, 4/61) than female dogs (5.0%, 8/161). The infection rates of heartworm in Jindo dogs at the age of under 1 year, 1~2 years and over 2 years old were 0.0% (0/39), 4.3% (5/115) and 10.3% (7/68), respectively. The older age had higher infection rates than the younger age (P=0.018). The infection rates of canine heartworm was reported to be the highest (17.6%, P=0.028) in Jodo-myeon, 10.6% in Uisin-myeon and 5.3% in limhoe-myun. But dogs with antigenemia weren't detected in Gogun-myeon. and Jisan-myeon. This study indicates that the prevalence of canine heartworm in Jindo-gun is lower than previously reported (3.1% and 12.3%) which utilized microfilarial tests.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1078-1084
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• 2009

The Jindo dog is a Korean natural monument and is recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. A prominent feature is the diverse coat color within the breed. To analyze the genetic basis of variation in the Jindo coat color, we sequenced the protein-coding regions of the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R). The MC1R coding sequence was determined from 154 dogs in five breeds (Jindo, Labrador Retriever, English Springer Spaniel, Belgian Malinois, and German Shepherd). To confirm the genetic structure of sampled populations, we tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and computed $F_{st}$ The sample populations did not significantly deviate from HWE. $F_{st}$ was 0.02 between white and fawn Jindo dogs; this was lower than $F_{st}$ between breeds. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the MC1R coding region. Among the six SNPs, five were non-synonymous (S90G, T105A, Q159P, M264V, and R306ter) and one was synonymous SNP (Y298Y). From the SNPs, we predicted four haplotypes (H1, H2, H3, and H4) for Jindo MC1R. Jindo dogs had different haplotypes corresponding to different coat colors. H1 was frequently observed in white Jindo dogs with an odds ratio of 5.03 (95% CI: 2.27-11.18, p<0.0001), whereas H2 and H4 were observed only in fawn Jindo dogs. Our findings indicate that SNP haplotype can influence coat color. Knowledge of MC1R haplotypes can help discriminate white and fawn coats in Jindo dogs. We hope this report will trigger more research into the genetics of this traditional Korean dog and will be a reference for dogs of Asian origin. Also, our results will provide a useful genetic marker for Jindo dog breeders who have selected for specific colors.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 1990

The present study was conducted in order to get the relationship of heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis and eosinophils in blood of Jindo dogs. Blood samples were taken from 141( man 31, womam 110) of yellow, 44 ( man 17, woman27) of white Jindo dogs in Jindo area. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows : 1. There were no significant differences of the hematological values in comparison with others reported values, but the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and the number of eosinophils were high in comparison with other reported values. 2. The mean values of total white blood cell count(P<0.05), neutrophil(P<0.05) and monocyte(P< 0.05) were that the yellow dogs and a tendency toward fisher values than the white dogs, but no significant differences were observed. 3. Age-related differences were detected for the total erythrocyte count(P<0.05), hemoglobin content (P<0.001), PCV(P<0.001) and the number of eosinophils(P<0.001). 4. The direct and indirect eosinophil counts were increased with age, there were no significant differences of the values between two groups. 5. Dirofilaria immitis was found in 34(18.4%), increased with age and were relatively significant differences in areas of the 185 Jindo dogs. 6. Survey for hematological values of Dirofilaria immitis infected dogs with direct and indirect method, mean values of eosinophil were 2,788/ ${\mu}l,$ 3,021/ ${\mu}$l, respectively. They showed that eosinophil had a tendency toward higher values than others, but others were no significant differences.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.53-54
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations in clinically normal (uninfected) Korean Jindo dogs and those infected with Dirofilaria (D.) immitis. Forty Korean Jindo dogs (22 females, 18 males) were obtained from two kennels in the Boryeong area of Chungnam Province and the Daejeon area, Korea. Significantly higher cTnI concentrations were observed in D. immitis-infected dogs than clinically normal dogs. cTnI testing in addition to thoracic radiography, echocardiography, and electrocardiography shows promise as an additional method for diagnosis of heartworm infection.