• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.2 s.49
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• pp.175-185
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the activities of genioglossus and orbicularis oris muscle between normal occlusion and anterior open bite group. 39 subjects without the experience of orthodontic treatment and T.M.disorder were selected for this study. 20 subjects were normal occlusion. 19 subjects were anterior open bite. The twenty items were measured from the cephalometric headplates, and EMG recording of the genioglossus, orbicularis oris muscle were taken at rest position, water swallowing, jaw opening, isometric tongue protrusion, maximum tongue protrusion. All data were analyzed and processed with the computer statistical method. The following results were obtained: 1. Except at rest position. the muscle activities of genioglossus muscle in anterior open bite were higher than in normal occlusion with singificatn difference. 2. Except druing water swallowing, the muscle activities of orbicularis oris muscle in anterior open bite were higher than in normal occlusion with significant difference. 3. During maximum tongue protrusion, the geniolossus muscle of anterior open bite subjects showed the highest muscle activity. 4. Anterior open bite showed closer interrelationship between facial morphology ad the genioglossus, orbiculars oris muscle activities than that of nomral occlusion with significatn difference.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.3 s.80
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• pp.297-306
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• 2000

Lateral cephalometric X-ray films in maximal intercuspation and maximal opening of 68 children were taken and analyzed to examine the pattern of condylar movement and to study the relationship between opening movement and morphologic factors of craniofacial skeleton. The results were as follows : 1. The mean value of maximal opening capacity was 47.1mm, condylar moving distance was 18.1mm, horizontal condyle movement was 17.5mm, vertical condyle movement was 3.8mm and condylar moving angle was $13.1^{\circ}$. 2. The maximal opening capacity had positive relationship with the length of anterior cranial base, mandible and maxillary complex and with posterior facial height and had negative relationship with articular angle, sagittal jaw relationship. 3. Vertical condyle movement and condylar moving angle had positive relationship with articular angle and had negative relationship with gonial angle. 4. Horizontal condyle movement and condylar moving distance had positive relationship with the length of maxillary complex.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.180-184
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• 2001

Cleidocranial Dysplasia(CCD) is an autosomal dominant human bone disease characterized by abnormal clavicles, patent sutures and fontanelles, and dental anomalies. Among dental anomalies, it is characterized that permanent dentition is severly disturbed due to multiple supernumerary teeth and abnormalities of tooth morphology. A eight-year-old female patient diagnosed as cleidocranial dysplasia visited in our hospital. Upon clinical oral exam, retained deciduous teeth, constriction of dental arch, anterior cross bite, and multiple dental caries were observed. In the dental panoramic radiograph, retained deciduous teeth and multiple supernumerary teeth in the maxilla and the mandible were found. In the cephalometric radiograph, open sutures and wormian bones were seen. In the chest P-A view absence of clavicles was observed. The cleidocranial dysplasia patients have eruption problems in permanent dentition both in regions with and without supernumerary teeth. The severely delayed or arrested eruption of permanent teeth has been ascribed to various factors : 1) The presence of multiple supernumerary teeth, 2) malformed roots with lack of cellular cementum, 3) the jaw bone being too dense, and 4) abnormal resorption of bone and primary teeth. Formation and maturation of primary teeth in cleidocranial dysplasia are normal, whereas the permanent dentition has various anomalies. Therefore, dentists should understand the development of dentition in cleidocranial dysplasia, and treat them in proper time.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.138-148
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• 1990

The influence of starvation on morphological change of the red sea bream larvae was examined at Song-ji fish hatchery, Tongyong-Gun, Kyongnam Provice in July 1988. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The larvae of red sea bream began to feed on rotifers in 2 days after hatching. In case of non-feeding, all of the larvae died in 5 days after hatching and the larvae which feeding delayed 1 and 2 days from normal first feeding schedule also died 100 in 6 days after hatching. 2) With the exhaustion of the yolk, the total length, body length, myotome height and gut height of unfed larvae decreased. 3) The ratio of height to myotome height in unfed larvae has declined most rapidly compare to other demensions while starving. At 5 days after hatching, the ratios of these of starving larvae and fed larvae were 0.306 and 0.010, respectively. 4) The morphology of starving larvae at 6 days after hatching are characterized as sharpened jaw, projected edge of lower part of clavicle and slender gut.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1997

The influence of delayed(1, 2, 3, 4 days) feeding and starvation on morphological change and survival rate of the spotted sea bass larvae was examined at the KORDI laboratories which located at Poryong Power Plant, Poryong-gun, Chungchongnam-do in November, 1996. 1. The larvae of spotted sea bass began to feed on rotifers at 5 days after hatching. In case of non-feeding, all of the larvae died at 9 days after hatching. The larvae which fed 1 day after the normal first feeding schedule(1 day delayed) grew normally and 2 days delayed groups showed 5.3% in survival rate at 9 days after hatching. In case of non-feeding and 3 or 4 days delayed groups, all of the larvae died between 9 and 10 days after hatching. 2. In case of non-feeding, total length of the larvae decreased gradually. 3. The percente ratio of gut height and mytome height to standard length in starved larvae has declined most rapidly compare to other demensions during the non-feeding period. The percente ratio of gut height to mytome height had also difference between unfed and fed larvae. At 9 days after hatching, the ratio of that between fed and unfed larvae were 84.5 % and 52.4 %, respectively. 4. The morphology of starving larvae were characterized as sharpened jaw, projected edge of lower part of clavicle and bending trunk with slenger gut.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 1999

From January 1997 to May, the red marbled rockfish, Sebastiscus tertius (Barsukov et Chen) was reared in the laboratory, and observed the morphological characteristies of egg and development of larvae and juveniles. The egg is spherical in shape colorless and transparent, measuring 0.72~0.80mm in diameter (mean 0.75mm, n=50). The naturally bearing larvae were 3.79~3.97mm in total length with 7~8＋15~16=22~24 myomeres, and mouth and anus were open. Melanophores were present on the yolk of the larva and ventral margins of the tail. The 1~2 days after bearing larvae measured 3.90~4.13mm in total length, and transformed to postlarval stage, and yolk sac were completely resorbed. On the lower jaw melanophores were present. Total length of the larvae was 4.23~4.60mm in total length (11 days after bearing), number of elongated pectoral fin rays was 9~10, and melanophores distributed on the top of head, around the intestine tube, ventral margins of the tail and on the pectoral fin. In 21 days after bearing, the larva were 5.83~7.10mm in total length, and the caudal notochord flex $45^{\circ}$. Individuals of 9.80~12.36mm in total length (33 days after bearing) are regarded to have reached to the juvenile stage with all the fins were developed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.321-347
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• 1994

Muscle spindle afferents from masseter muscle were labelled by the intra-axonal HRP injection and were processed for light microscopic reconstruction. Regions containing terminal arbors scattered in the central portion of the masseteric motor neuron pool (type I a) and those restricted to 2-3 small portion of it (type II) were selected and processed for electronmicroscopic analysis with serial sections. The shape of the labelled boutons was dome or elongated shape. Scalloped or glomerulus shape with peripherial indentation containing pre or postsynaptic neuronal propiles, which is occasionally found in the trigeminal main sensory nucleus and spinal dorsal horn, was not observed. Both type Ia and type II boutons had pale axoplasm and contained clear, spherical vesicles of uniform size(dia : 49-52nm) and occasionally large dense cored vesicles(dia : 87-118nm). The synaptic vesicles were evenly distributed throughout the boutons although there was a slight tendency of vesicles to accumulate at the presynaptic site. The average of short and long diameter(short D. + long D./2) of type I a bouton was smaller than that of type II bouton. All the labelled boutons, which showed prominent postsynaptic density, large synaptic area and multiple synaptic contact, made asymmetrical synaptic contact with postsynaptic neuronal propiles. Most of the type Ia and type II boutons made synaptic contact with only one neuronal propile and boutons which shows synaptic contact or more neuronal propiles was not observed. Most of the type Ia boutons(87.2%) were presynaptic to the soma or proximal dendrite and a few remainder(12.8%) made synaptic contact with dendritic shaft or distal dendrite. In contrast, majority of type II boutons showed synaptic contact with dendritic shaft and remainder with soma or proximal dendrite. In conclusion, terminal boutons which participate in the excitatory monosynaptic jaw jerk reflex made synaptic contact with more proximal region of the neuron, and showed very simple synaptic connection, compared with those from the primary afferenst in the other region of the central nervous system such as spinal dorsal horn and trigeminal main sensory nucleus which assumed to be responsible for the mediating pain, tactile sensation, sensory processing or sensory discrimination.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.499-506
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• 1999

The odontoma is relatively a common benign odontogenic tumor and caused by overgrowth of odontogenic tissues. The recent classification by World Health Organization divides odontoma into 2 groups such as compound odontoma and complex odontoma. Compound odontoma comprises dental tissues, resembling the morphology of a tooth and has predilection for the anterior maxilla. In contrast, complex odontoma has unorganized mass, not resembling the normal tooth and has predilection for the posterior mandible. The etiology of odontoma is unknown and almost asymptomatic. So, it usually is found in routine radiographic examination, and most common presenting symptom is impacted or unerupted permanent teeth and retained primary teeth. It can occurs almost anywhere in jaws. It is desirable that odontoma should be removed by surgical enucleation including follicle and surrounding soft tissues. Considering the age and behavioral cooperation of patient, the development of permanent dentition, the location of odontoma in jaw, the need for the concomitant operative dentistry, operation is performed in outpatient department with/without sedation or under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. In this case report, 2 patients with compound odontoma were treated by surgical enucleation including follicle and surrounding soft tissues. One patient, about 5 years old, was treated under general anesthesia and concomitant operative dentistry was performed. The other patient, about 11 years old, was treated under local anesthesia in outpatient department. In 2 cases, after 4 months, surgical defects were filled with new bone and normalization of eruption path of impacted permanent teeth was observed.