• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• v.46
• /
• pp.1-32
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this article is to critically reflect on the 2022 national curriculum on religions. The perspective of this reflection is that since the religious curriculum is meant to be a national curriculum, it should be applicable to all high school students, be shareable, and function as a place for meta-reflection regarding the proper use of the category of religion. For this purpose, I reviewed the form and content of the 2022 curriculum on religions in Section 2. The form of the 2022 curriculum on religions looks similar to the previously utilized curriculum. However, the main change is that the subject of religions was arbitrarily placed into the category of 'subjects for choosing a career.' And the 2022 curriculum on religions has two characteristics in terms of content: the orientation of 'making religious people (spiritual formation)' and the reemergence of the concept of 'pseudo-religion.' In Section 3, I delved into the orientation of 'making religious people through religious reflection' among the characteristics of the 2022 curriculum on religions. In this process, I discovered that the concept of 'reflection as a metacognitive technology,' which was the core of the prior curriculum and school education, was transformed into the concept of 'religious reflection,' and the concepts of spirituality and religiosity were also added. In Section 4, I delved into the dichotomy of 'religion and pseudo-religion.' 'Pseudo-religion' is a new focus in the 2022 curriculum on religions. In this process, I revealed that the concept of 'pseudo-religion' is a combination of an outdated administrative term of the Japanese Government-General of Korea during Japan's occupation of Korea, and as such, the term is inherently value-laden and harmful. I also revealed that determining 'pseudo-religion' in school education regenerates the colonial Japanese Government-General's biased attitudes toward Korean religions and forces teachers to 'invent' (detect or personally appraise) modern day pseudo-religions through arbitrary judgements. The 'curriculum to emphasize religious reflection and detect pseudo-religions in order to create religious people' can distort the subject of religion in the national curriculum as into a 'subject for religion (promotion or degradation).' If this distortion continues, the appropriateness of curriculum on religions existing within the national curriculum will eventually become a subject of debate.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.411-416
• /
• 2020

This study is an empirical study to see if the existing media effects have an effect on the perception of the audience in the media such as newspapers, TV, movies, etc., and whether the viewing of YouTube, an internet-based new media without gatekeeper, can affect the perception of the audience. For this study, 76 university students were divided into two groups, one group was asked to watch YouTube videos about no-buy campaign of Japanese products, and the other group was asked to watch short films for four weeks each, and then the perception and attitude of the issue were measured and analyzed through a survey. The results of the analysis showed that the audience who watched YouTube videos thought that no-buy campaign was more important than the audience who did not watch YouTube videos, and that they would participate more actively in no-buy campaign. The results of this study can be meaningful in that it confirmed the effects of the agenda setting effect and the priming effect of YouTube. It is expected that the theory of the media effect of YouTube will be established as the study on the audience effect in various fields such as politics, economy, society, culture of YouTube continues.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.411-425
• /
• 2015

Development education started in some of developed countries of Europe since 1960s. Japan was interested in the development education with realizing the impotance of quality of life in the late of 1970s after high economical growth in 1960s. Just like Eroupe, development education in Japan was done to citizen by development NGOs. But under close cooperation with JICA and MOE, development education was gradually absorbed in formal education. Development education in Japan is done through interdisciplinary studies and the subjects. Geography national curriculum and textbooks in Japan show that the subject aimed to nurture Japanese in the world in the period from the late of 1960s to the late of 1970s. Thus the period can be named the sprouting time of education of development. But with entering the late of 1980s, geography national curriculum started to focus on fostering global citizenship to students. The turn in the educational aims can be counted as practical start of education of development. And education of development through geography was extended the most in the late of 1990s. But in the recent revised geography national curriculum, emphasis on education of development is reduced a little. It can be told that education of development in Japan arrives at the level of the full growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.104 no.1
• /
• pp.140-149
• /
• 2015

The aim of this study was to clarify the physiological and psychological effects of walking around and viewing a lake in a forest environment. The subjects included 11 male Japanese university students (age: $22.0{\pm}1.2$ years) who were randomly assigned to visit either a forest or an urban (control) setting. They were instructed to walk a predetermined 15-min course and to view the setting from a seated position for 15 min. Heart rate variability, heart rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, and salivary cortisol levels were measured to assess the subject's physiological responses to the environment. Four questionnaires (SD method, reports of "refreshed" feeling, POMS, and STAI) were administered to assess the subjects' psychological responses. It was found that walking around and viewing a lake in a forest environment can suppress sympathetic nerve activity, increase parasympathetic nerve activity, and decrease the heart rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, and cortisol levels. In addition, a forest environment can enhance the "comfortable," "soothing," "natural," and "refreshed" feelings, improve the mood state, and reduce anxiety. These results provide scientific evidence of the physiological and psychological effects of forest therapy.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.501-520
• /
• 2019

This study compared and analyzed Korean, American, Singaporean, and Japanese middle school mathematics curriculum standards and the learning contents in statistics. Through a comparative analysis of the curriculums of these four countries, I found several overall features and differences between the curriculums. First, all four countries emphasized statistical education in a real-life context. Second, all four countries emphasized the use of technological tools. Third, there is a middle school grade in which only Korea does not deal with statistical domains. Fourth, the statistical areas of the United States, Singapore, and Japan focused on identifying trends or variability in data distribution. Fifth, I have found some contents that only Korea does not deal with. Based on this, the following recommendations were developed for the development of the next curriculum and new textbooks in Korea. First, the statistics curriculum should be changed from one that focuses on understanding statistical concepts to one that focuses on statistical activity that utilizes these concepts. Second, in terms of middle school statistical curriculum contents, the addition of interquartile range (IQR) and box plots as learning contents should be considered. IQR and box plots are simple and practical techniques for the comparison of multiple sets of data that can be easily learned and drawn by middle school level students and applied to real-life-related statistical data to expand statistical literacy. Through this study, it is suggested that IQR and box plots need to be included in the statistical curriculum of middle schools in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 1989

A secondary survey was conducted of 503 customers, to investigate eating out behaviours at five fast food restaurants of Youido apartment compound in Seoul, in April of 1988. The results are summarized as follows: The majority, 84% of customers, were aged 14 to 30, consisting of junior and senior high school children, college students and company employees. In contrast to the previous survey of 1986, in which no elderly customers were found, a small number of elderly customers were observed in this study. The reasons given by customers for patronizing fast food restaurants were the following, from most to least frequent: 'convenient', 'allows for companionship', 'the pleasant place to eat', 'dining equipment and tableware are hygienic', 'to be able to stay as long as I want', and 'foods rapidly served'. Only 24.2% of the customers purchased the fast foods for a full meal, 38.3% purchased the foods for snacking, and others purchased ice cream only or drink only. The majority of the customers ate the purchased foods at the fast food restaurants. However, a limited number of female customers preferred to take the packed fast foods to their homes. Taste preference was a major factor in food selection from available menu items, among the younger customers; whereas customers over 30 years old were concerned with nutritive balance. Fried chicken, pizza, rolled rice with laver, ice cream, and juice were high on the list of liked foods; in contrast, lower preference was for fish burger, doughnut, spaghetti, Chajang noodles and chili beans. The survey discovered that the preference for fried chicken, pizza, and salad had increased compared to the previous survey of 1986. Preference by food nationality was highest for Korean food, then Western food, Chinese food, and Japanese food, in that order. Customers offered suggestions for better fast food service, such as lowering the price; greater variety in the menu; developing fast foods from the traditional Korean foods; and increasing the proportion of vegetables and fruits on the fast food menu. The customers, in particular, emphasized a need for the development of Korean traditional beverage of malt drink and persimmon punch, as well as mungbean pan cakes and sweet- spicy rice noodles (docbokki), as fast foods.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2004

According to the survey done among the 20s of university students in Oct. 2002, the female animation characters from Korea and Japan have almost no distinction. Speaking of the features of the characters, they have big eyes, a long nose, an oval face. However, their eyes and mouths are expressed exaggeratedly, which makes them hard to get a good impression from the people. It seems that the identity of Korean female animation characters is disappearing in terms of the copycat from western animation characters. Through the research, the features of 20s of Korean and Japanese girls are compared and they were reviewed from the ideal and biological point of view. Then, the animation characters, which physiognomy has been applied, are created based on result, which I am trying to find the standard model of Korea female animation character. As an ideal point of view, it turns out that Korean has a positive reaction on the female animation characters with the cute & introspective characteristics. On the contrary, Korean has a negative reactions on the ones that were created in a biological viewpoint and has a highly sensitive and discontented characteristics. This shows that Korean do not prefer the female animation characters with highly sensitive and discontented characters. According to the survey, 73.5% of people could find the same 7 kinds of female characters which are shown frequently in the animation. This means that the oriental physiognomy is an effective way to approach to the features of the character's face depending on the characteristics of each female characters. The characters in this study are based on real face of female, but we can create the various animation characters if we apply the partial feature of distinctive each personal face.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.735-749
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate airborne pollen counts, inhalant allergen sensitization rate, and allergic disease prevalence among elementary school children in Ulsan, South Korea during 2012-2018. Methods: Burkard samplers for pollen were installed on rooftops in suburban and urban areas in Ulsan. A 24-hour sampling of airborne allergens was conducted six days/week from January 1, 2013 to November 31, 2018. Skin prick tests were done with a total of 4,246 primary school students residing in urban and suburban areas in 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. This study examined sensitization to 20 major inhalant allergens. Results: The highest monthly counts of airborne pollen were observed in April and September each year. Among the pollen identified over the six years, pine showed the highest pollen counts (44.3%), followed by oak (22.3%), alder (6.3%) and Japanese hops (4.3%). Tree pollen predominated from March to June, and weed pollen predominated from August to October. Higher sensitization rates for inhalant allergens were observed in Dermatophagoides farinae (42.4%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (43.6%), cat fur (12.1%), birch (9.9%), oak (9.6%), and alder (8.7%). The inhalant allergen sensitization rate was highest in the group with comorbidity (asthma and/or rhinitis and atopic dermatitis), and respiratory allergic disease (asthma and/or rhinitis) was higher than that of atopic dermatitis. Conclusion: Both the counts of tree pollen in the air and the sensitization rate for tree pollen were high in Ulsan. The temporal change in respiratory allergic diseases was similar to that for the sensitization rate of tree pollen, such as oak. In the future, it is considered that additional continuous research on various inhalant allergens and pollen should be conducted.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.100 no.3
• /
• pp.344-351
• /
• 2011

The aim of this study is to clarify the psychological effects of walking in the urban forest and to examine how the effects differ in accordance with individual personality. The study subjects comprised 18 male Japanese university students ($21.0{\pm}0.8$ years old). These subjects were instructed to walk predetermined 20-min courses in the urban forest and the city (control). Three questionnaires (POMS, STAI-S, and SCL-90) were administered to assess the subjects' psychological responses. The KG's Daily Life Questionnaire was used to examine the subject's personalities for presence of the Type A behavior pattern. The study found that walking in the urban forest improved the participants' positive mood and decreased their negative mood, anxiety, and other negative mental symptoms. Moreover, Type B subjects showed a bigger change than Type A subjects on the SCL-90's obsessive and compulsive scale. Our results supported the premise that walking in the urban forest has relaxing effects, and that these effects can differ in accordance with the subject's personality characteristics.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
• /
• v.68
• /
• pp.141-173
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to help examine the nature and direction of today's village education community by examining the characteristics of Osan School and Myeongdong School, which were representative national schools during the Japanese colonial period, as village education communities. These two schools were prestigious private schools that became the bases for national and international independence movements at home and abroad. The fact that these schools were able to produce excellent graduates by faithfully carrying out the national education, which was the mission of the time, despite the oppressive situation, was influenced by the village education community formed by the organic cooperative relationship between the school and the village. The two schools have had active support from the village since their establishment, and the schools invited villagers if there was a good educational opportunity or cultural event. The school opened all the facilities of the school to the residents, and the villagers took care of the students and teachers, forming a close fusion between the two sides. Based on this relationship, the school and village made an effort to create an ideal village community based on independence, equality and solidarity. As such, the historical examination of Osan School and Myeongdong School suggests implications that help the village education community move forward to a more mature stage.