• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2011

There is the uncertain period of the construction in case of the products meeting the quality standard of KS M 6080, the quality is degraded because of the abrasive loss of the paint caused by vehicle tires as the traffic amount increases and of the loss and detachment of the glass beads providing the retroreflective function. The abrupt degradation of visibility causes the high frequency of traffic accidents at night and increases the traffic accident rate. Additional supplementary construction induces the direct material and construction costs. As the more cost induction effect than the direct cost, the traffic jam caused by the additional construction increases the indirect social costs such as time cost and vehicle cost. Hence, the study is concerned with performing the abrasion resistance test based on the EN 1436 standard to check and improve the quality of various road marking materials resulting in improving the durability of road marking materials. However, even though the difference in the durability lifetime of resins(binders) is bibliographically or theoretically clear, there was no difference in the durability lifetime (retroreflectivity aspect) of the road marking paint using these binders. The reason is that the bonding of beads was very insufficient or that the cross density caused by crack or freshness was low. Moreover, the measured wet retroreflectivity was distributed as the Rw3 or higher class in average on the basis of EN 1436 but was very insufficient on the basis of the minimum wet threshold retroreflectivity with 100mcd/($m^2{\cdot}lx$) managed overseas.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

In order to estimate a dynamic origin and destination demand between on and off-ramps in the freeways, a traffic flow theory can be used to calculate a link distribution proportion of traffics moving between them. We have developed a dynamic traffic estimation model based on the three-phase traffic theory (Kerner, 2004), which explains the complexity of traffic phenomena based on phase transitions among free-flow, synchronized flow and moving jam phases, and on their complex nonlinear spatiotemporal features. The developed model explains and estimates traffic congestion in terms of speed breakdown, phase transition and queue propagation. We have estimated the link, on and off-ramp volumes at every time interval by using traffic data collected from vehicle detection systems in Korea freeway sections. The analyzed results show that the developed model describes traffic flows adequately.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.189-201
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• 2016

A processing factor (PF) has been used to define the maximum residue limits of pesticide in a variety of processed fruit products. This study summarizes PF by the stage of fruit processing based on JMPR reports from 2010 to 2014. When we compared PF of 19 pesticides in apple products during the processing of washing, drying, canning, juice, sauce, puree and pomace, PF was higher than 1 only in pomace. In the comparison of 21 pesticides during the process of grape (washing, juice, wine and raisin), PF was higher than 1 in raisin. In the comparison of 19 pesticides during the process of orange (juice, oil and marmalade), PF was higher than 1 in oil. When 27 pesticides were compared during the process of tomato (juice, puree and paste), paste showed the highest PF value except pomace. During the process of plum (washing, drying and puree) with 12 pesticides, PF was higher than 1 in drying. The correlation coefficients between physical characteristics of pesticide (fat-solubility and volatility) and PF were statistically significant in the processes of apple juice, orange juice, tomato puree and paste and strawberry jam.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.9
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• pp.127-138
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• 2000

The methods of checking the exuberance of yang (潛陽法) are a kind of medical treatments which cure various symtoms caused by hyperactivity of liver-yang, at the same time used for treating apoplexy. Thus, I investigated the application of checking the exuberance of yang to treat stroke. The conclusions are as follows. We can find application of checking the exuberance of yang to apoplexy on Synopsis of the Gold Chamber. After Ye Gui who persisted the theory of endogenous wind, many physicians applied the method of checking the exuberance of yang and this method has usually applied with nourishing yin. The methods of checking the exuberance of yang are concretely applied as follows. 1) a portion of apoplexy involving the channels and collaterals, which is caused by deficiency of yin and wind-fire pathogen. 2) excessive-syndrome of coma accompanied by heat syndrome. 3) epilepsy caused old apoplexy. The majority of shells for example abalone shell, hawksbill shell, oyster shell, tortoise-shell etc. are the most frequent use of herbal drug which check the exuberance of yang. The precriptions of checking the exuberance of yang are Ho-jam-hwan(虎潛丸), Ko-bon-dan(固本丹), Cheon-ma-gu-deung-eum(天麻鉤藤飮), Chin-gan-sik-pung-tang(鎭肝熄風湯) etc.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.915-929
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• 2000

As a result of research, the character of the general dress-costumes from the late 17th century to the early 18th century in Genre Paintings of DuSeo Yun and YoungSeok Cho is as follows. Firstly young women wore braided hair at the back of head and married women wore hair in the style of Unjeun-mori with Gache. The length of Jeogori (Korean traditional jacket) covered waistor shortened to waist length. The width of Jeongori was suitable, because side-seam line was straight or oblique as it comes into inner line. The width of Git was enough and Mokpan-git (shape of board) and Kal-kit (shape of knife) appeared, and sometimes used other color fabric. Sleeve was narrow and ostly folded up. Chima (Korean traditional skirt) used darker color fabric than Jeogori and the width of Chima was narrow and its length was short. Sokbaji (Korean traditional underpants) shown below were narrow and its end narrower. They were barefoot or they wore Hye (Korean traditional shoes) after putting on Beoseon (Korean traditional socks). Secondly general man's hair tie a topknot (sangtu) and put on headdres, 'Bang-lip', 'Mang-geon', hairband, 'Tang-geon' on head. The length of Jeogori became shorter from the line which covered hip to the line which covered waist. The width of Jeogori was suitable and sometimes it had a slit of side-seam line. The width of Git (neckand) was wide and the length of Git was long. 'Kal-git'appeared and it used other color fabric. The shape of sleeve was straight and narrow. They folded up their sleeves. They folded up their sleeves. They folded up their slack that look like 'Jam-bang-i'and the width of slacks was not suitable, and it was narrow. Baji (Korean traditional pants) were with or without knot, worn 'Hangjeon'(ankle band). They were barefoot and wore 'Hye'or 'Jipsin'(Korean traditional straw shoes). Thirdly a person of high birth or a low-ranked official put 'Yu-geon', 'Mang-geon', 'Gat', 'Tang-geon', 'Bok-du', 'Bok-geon', 'Whi-hang'on their head on a topknot. They wore 'Po (Shim-ui, Jick-ryeong'Jung-chi-mak, Do-po, etc)'on Baji and Jeogori. 'Po'was long and wide, it knot with 'Se-jo-dae'(string belt) or 'Po-baek-dae'(band belt). It had a slit of sideline and 'Mu'which had or had not or which were hard to confirm. The shape of sleeve was straight or very wide and its length was long. The width of Baji was wide and knotted with 'Hangjeon'and wore'Beoseon'and 'Hye'. Fourthly child's hair was short or knotted to the back of the head. The length of Jeogori reached waist line and its width was wide. It had a 'Jeogori'which had s slit of sideline. The shape of sleeve was 'Tong-su'(straight), and the length of sleeve was diverse. They put 'Baeja'on 'Jeogori'. The width of Baji was not wide. They wore them straight without or with knot, 'Hangjeon'. They were barefoot or put on 'Jipsin'.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of operational parameters such as rotation speed and vibrating milling time for the fabrication of photocatalytic $TiO_2$ thin film using aerosol deposition methods. $TiO_2$ powders produced in the range of 1,000-3,000 rpm of rotation speed of centrifugal separator are ineffective on the fabrication of $TiO_2$ thin film by aerosol deposition due to the problem of nozzle powder jam. $TiO_2$ powders controlled by vibrating milling had about 420 nm of average diameter after 2 hr of vibrating milling time. The result of XRD analysis indicated that $TiO_2$ powders had a anatase phase. Vibrating milling methods was considered to be an effective pre-treatment process for $TiO_2$ powder control. Consequently $TiO_2$ photocatalytic thin film with dispersion of anatase crystallites controled by vibrating milling was successfully fabricated by aerosol deposition. The permeation flux of $TiO_2$ photocatalytic thin film with the immobilized $TiO_2$ powder was higher than that of suspended $TiO_2$ powder. Therefore, $TiO_2$ photocatalytic thin film promises to be one of the effective methods for enhancing filtration performance for the treatment of organic pollutants.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 1992

Levels of platelets and other hematological values were monitored in 21 Saimiri and 12 Aotus monkeys over a period of three weeks post·infection with monkey·adapted Indochina CDC-1 strain of Plasmedium falciparum. In both Snlinoiri sciureus boliviensis and Aetus nancymai karyotype-1 monkeys the severest thrombocytopenia was observed at 14 days post-infection coinciding with peak parasitemia, neutropenia, Iynlphocytosis, and anemia associated with severe hemoglobinemia and elevated fibrinogen degeneration products(FDP's), MCH and MCV profiles in Aotus monkeys decreased with ascending parasitemia. In contrast, these parameters in Saimiri were characterized by a significant compensatory increase correlating with parasitemia. In general, thrombocytopenia was one of the earliest clinical manifestations of the infection with the platelets returning to normal levels shortly after peak parasitenlia at 14 days. Platelet kinetics had a strong correlation with hematologic and parasitologic values in the Aotus nlodel. No consistent associations were observed between platelet kinetics and other parameters in the Saimiri model. These data indicate that the Aotus model for malaria is more predictable than the Saimiri. Further, platelet turnover rates and recovery provide a useful prognostic parameter during malaria infection. The results are discussed in relation to the value of the two species of monkeys as models for the pathogenesis of human malaria.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Citrus and its peels have been used in Asian folk medicine due to abundant flavonoids and usage of citrus peels, which are byproducts from juice and/or jam processing, may be a good strategy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of bioconversion of Jeju Hallabong tangor (Citrus kiyomi ${\times}$ ponkan; CKP) peels with cytolase (CKP-C) in RAW 264.7 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Glycosides of CKP were converted into aglycosides with cytolase treatment. RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with 0, 100, or $200{\mu}g/ml$ of citrus peel extracts for 4 h, followed by stimulation with $1{\mu}g/ml$ lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 8 h. Cell viability, DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide (NO), and prostagladin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production were examined. Real time-PCR and western immunoblotting assay were performed for detection of mRNA and/or protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, respectively. RESULTS: HPLC analysis showed that treatment of CKP with cytolase resulted in decreased flavanone rutinoside forms (narirutin and hesperidin) and increased flavanone aglycoside forms (naringenin and hesperetin). DPPH scavenging activities were observed in a dose-dependent manner for all of the citrus peel extracts and CKP-C was more potent than intact CKP. All of the citrus peel extracts decreased NO production by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and $PGE_2$ production by COX-2. Higher dose of CKP and all CKP-C groups significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of LPS-stimulated iNOS. Only $200{\mu}g/ml$ of CKP-C markedly decreased mRNA and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Both 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$ of CKP-C notably inhibited mRNA levels of $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$) and IL-6, whereas $200{\mu}g/ml$ CKP-C significantly inhibited mRNA levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$. CONCLUSIONS: This result suggests that bioconversion of citrus peels with cytolase may enrich aglycoside flavanones of citrus peels and provide more potent functional food materials for prevention of chronic diseases attributable to oxidation and inflammation by increasing radical scavenging activity and suppressing pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2015

Mulberry fruit is common to keep a frozen storage because of the very high water content. Because freezing-storing cost is generated before the processing or sales, farmers of mulberry fruit production are weighted in financial burden. In addition, mulberry fruit has difficulty in expanding consumption by made in the simple processed products like the mulberry jam, mulberry juice, mulberry enzyme, alcohol, etc. Recent, frozen fruits including frozen blueberries, frozen strawberries, frozen mango, frozen rich, frozen mulberry fruit has been started to sell in the large discount stores and convenience stores. However, there is restricted sales in only special place that have the frozen distribution facilities. So, for the income improvement and consumption promotion of mulberry farmers facing these difficult situations, we developed the processing method of semi-dried mulberry fruit using the vacuum freezing dryer. The frozen mulberry fruit which was stored below $-40^{\circ}C$ is to dry in a vacuum freeze dryer, at $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, 23 ~ 24 hours. Semi-dried mulberry fruit seperated respectively. It had soft texture, and maintained shape, size and flavor. In particular, semi-dried mulberry fruit can be stored at room temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.478-489
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• 2011

Student and dietitian reactions to a multicultural food service menu were studied. Food habits in a multicultural family could delay the acculturation of the children to traditional Korean food and could cause the isolation of children from the community. Also, Korean students need to be exposed to other cultures and foods because it can be a challenge to eat novel foods when students grow up. To help both multicultural and Korean children adjust to new foods, a multicultural menu was included in a school's food service. Students regarded the multicultural menu as access to another culture, but they felt that improvement of the food quality and menu diversity were required. The degree of satisfaction with the food quality, appearance, freshness, temperature, and menu diversity were all moderate. The multicultural menu was served as a single menu item or a combination menu item. The main dish single items - pasta, jajangmyeon, onigiri, hamburgers, rice and curry, kaupatmu, kaupatkung, and donburi - were liked, but nasi goreng was liked only moderately. The soup - based dish single item, tempura soba, was liked, while tomyum was disliked. The side dish single items - tangsuyook, Japanese donkatsu, baked sausage and potatoes, tandoori chicken, chicken britto, Vienna schnitzels, tender tortillas, and fried chicken wings - were liked. The desserts single items-sandwiches, pineapples, waffles, pizza, bread with strawberry jam, mangoes, and tacoyaki - were liked. The combination menus - Italian, Indian, and American - were liked, but the southeast Asian menu was the least favored. Acceptance of combination and single menu items were similar. Male students liked multicultural menu items more than female students in all categories. Approximately 60% of dietitians had experience serving the single menu items for multicultural food service. The appropriate serving times were twice per month. Dietitians guessed that 80% of the students liked the multicultural menu. The dietitians preferred serving American or Chinese foods to southeast Asian food. There were two difficulties in serving the multicultural menu, which were voiced as as lack of skill in cooking the items and improper cooking utensils and tableware for the items. Despite all the difficulties, the dietitians served the multicultural menu because it provided menu diversity, rather than for educational reasons.