• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.534-542
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• 2006

The effects of ethanol fractions of three different rice grain extracts, Jakwangchalbyeo, Hwasunchalbyeo, and Ilpumbyeo, on apoptotic cell death in the rat hepatoma H4IIE cell line were investigated using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] cell viability assay. One hundred mg/mL Jakwangchalbyeo extract significantly reduced cell viability to 69.5, 57.2, and 46.1% within 24, 48, and 72 hr, respectively. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses were also performed to characterize the cell death pattern caused by treatment with the rice grain extracts. Apoptotic cell death was clearly observed with time after treatment with the Jakwangchalbyeo extract. In Western blotting analysis, degradation of the 116 kDa poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) molecule was observed with concomitant formation of an 89 kDa product 24, 48, and 72 hr after treating cells with the Jakwangchalbyeo extract. This indicates that an apoptotic process caused cell death in these cells. In conclusion, red-pericarp Jakwangchalbyeo extract induced apoptotic cell death in H4IIE cells to a larger extent than the other rice extracts.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.8-11
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• 2005

Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of ethanol fraction of three different rice (Oryzasativa L. var. japonica) grain (Jakwangchalbyeo, red-pericarp glutinous rice; Hwasunchalbyeo, white-pericarp glutinous rice; Ilpumbyeo, white-pericarp non-glutinous rice) extracts on the protection of oxidative stress. Antioxidant activities of ethanol fraction of rice grain extracts were made with MTT cell viability assay in H4IIE cell that is challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Hwasunchalbyeo extract and Ilpumbyeo extract did not show any significant protective effects on the $H_2O_2-induced$ oxidative stress in B4IIE cells, and Jakwangchalbyeo extract improved the cell viability up to $82\%\;and\;74\%$ at concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$ for 5 h and 24 h treatment, respectively. In conclusion, red-pericarp Jakwangchalbyeo extract as compared with other rice extracts exerted significant inhibitory effects on the hydyogen peroxideinduced oxidative stress in the H4IIE cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.76-77
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• 2004

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.632-637
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of red pericarp glutinous rice rich in polyphenols (Jakwangchalbyeo, red rice) on serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol and hepatic protein expression linked to synthesis and degradation of cholesterol in a hypercholesterolemic mice diet as compared with brown rice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 each), which were fed different diets for a period of 12 weeks: American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G diet, AIN-93G diet with 2% cholesterol, brown rice with 2% cholesterol, or red rice with 2% cholesterol. RESULT: Consumption of red rice resulted in a significant decrease in serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic levels of triglyceride and total-cholesterol. Expression of acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was decreased, while expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK ratio, cholesterol 7-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP7a1), and sterol 12-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP8b1) was increased in mice fed red rice. Brown rice had similar effects on cholesterol metabolism, but the effect of red rice was significantly greater than that of brown rice. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggested that red rice had a hypocholesterolemic effect by lowering hepatic cholesterol synthesis through ACAT-2, HMG-CoA reductase, and SREBP-2, and by enhancing hepatic cholesterol degradation through CYP7a1 and CYP8b1 in mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet.