• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 1984

This study was conducted to identify the enzyme treatment time, enzyme concentration and plant growth condition for isolation of potato mesopyll, it was also performed to determine the adquate sucrose molarity on purification of protoplasts and to investigate the incubation time, PEG concentration and DMSO effect for potato-petunia protoplast fusion. The results were summarized as follows: The optimal time of incubation in enzyme solution was 3 - 4 hours and high humidity and low light intensity made plants more effective to protoplast releasing enzymes. Our experimental results showed that the pectolyase Y-23 was an ideal agent for isolation from mesophyll cultured in vitro compared with macerozyme. The enzyme solution with 0.5 % macerozyme and 2 % cellulase was very effective and the purity of healthy protoplast was better in 0.4 and 0.5 M sucrose than in others. It was revealed that the rate of potato-petunia fusion according to the incubation time with PEG was effective at 30 min incubation and percentage of protoplast aggregation was increased by high molecular weight and concentration of PEG. Percentage of potato-petunia protoplast heteroplasmic aggregation was increased by 4 to 16 % in PEG 6000 compared with PEG 4000 and PEG 1500. Addition of 5 to 10 % DMSO to the PEG solution increased to the heteroplasmic aggregation of potato-petunia from 2 to 4 %.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.397-403
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• 1999

Tyrosinase plays an important role in the process of melanin polymer biosynthesis. Therefore, the enzyme inhibitors have been of great concern as cosmetics to have skin-whitening effects on the local hyperpigmentation. During the search for new inhibitory compounds on melanin polymer biosynthesis from natural sources, MeOH extracts of 589 higher plants were tested for the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity by the muschroom tyrosinase assay in vitro. Among plants tested, the leaves of Cercis chinensis exhibited potent inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity. Subsequently seven active compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble part of acetone extract of the leaves of C. chinensis by the activity guided fractionation monitoring the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. Their chemical structures were identified as $kaempferol-3-0-{\alpha}-L-rhamnoside$, quercitrin, $myricetin-3-0-{\alpha}-L-rhamnoside$, myricetin-3-0-(2'-O-galloyl)- ${\alpha}$ -L-rhamopyranoside (desmanthin), (-)-epicatechin-3-0-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-0-gallate, and methyl gallate on the basis of the speculation of spectral data and chemical reaction. Among the flavonol rhamnosides, myricetin-3-0-(2'-O-galloyl)- -L-rhamnoside(desmanthin) showed most potent inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity and the structure of B-ring in flavonol moiety was related to the activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate having pyrogallol group in flavan-3-ol moiety exhibited more potent inhibitory effect than (-)-epicatechin-3-0-gallate having catechol group in flavan-3-ol moiety on mushroom tyrosinase activity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.278-288
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• 2013

Objectives : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has a cephalosporin and beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant strains. MRSA is one of the major pathogens causing hospital infection and the isolation ratio of MRSA has gradually increased. Consequently, increased resistance to antibiotics is causing serious problems in the world. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases. Methods : The antibacterial activities of Ipyo-san were evaluated against 2 strains of MRSA and 1 standard Methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strain by using the disc diffusion method, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) assay, colorimetric assay using MTT test, checkerboard dilution test and time-kill assay performed under dark. Results : The MIC of Ipyo-san water extract against S. aureus strains ranged from 1000 to $2,000{\mu}g/ml$, so we confirmed that it had a strong antibacterial effect. Also, the combinations of Ipyo-san water extract and conventional antibiotics exhibited improved inhibition of MRSA with synergy effect. We suggest that Ipyo-san water extract against MRSA has antibacterial activity so it has potential as alternatives to antibiotic agents. For the combination test, we used Triton X-100 (TX) and DCCD for measurement of membrane permeability and inhibitor of ATPase. As a result, antimicrobial activity of Ipyo-san water extract was affected by the cell membrane. Conclusions : We suggest that the Ipyo-san water extract lead the treatment of bacterial infection to solve the resistance and remaining side-effect problems that are the major weak points of traditional antibiotics.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1990.06a
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• pp.29-35
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• 1990

Using an ethopharmacological technique, we demonstrated that saponin fraction from red ginseng root possessed a potent psychotropic actions on either intermale or maternal aggression models. A series of experiments clearly indicated that one of psychoactive ingredient is ginsenoside Rbl. Although a drug-induced debilitation of motor performance remains a possible cause of the antiaggressive effect of the drug, ginsenoside Rb 1 did not alter the locomotor activity of the mice during agonistic confrontations. Thus, one can eliminate the possibility that the psychoactive effect of ginsenoside Rbl might be concealed by a drugindulced impairment of motor performance. More recently, we developed a new model for copulatory disorder and introduced into the behavioral analysis of drug action. Male mice which has been housed individually from weaning for 5 weeks failed to manifest copulatory behavior when they encountered with the sexually-receptive females. Daily administration of crude ginseng saponin during isolation housing period prevented the development of copulatory disorder, whereas both ginsenoside Rbl and Rgl were ineffective. A further experiment may be needed to explore active ingredient of ginseng saponins. Keywords Panax ginseng, Korean red ginseng, psychotropic action, saponin, ginsenoside Rb1

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.441-445
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• 2005

Pinitol and chiro-inositol exert insulin-like effect by mediating post-receptor signaling pathway. Total chiro-inositol concentrations, including pinitol, chiro-inositol, and their derivatives, were determined in 115 natural and food materials to identify economical sources for mass production of pinitol. Carob pod, Bougainvillea, soy whey, and soybean oligosaccharides were rich sources of chiro-inositol. Pinitol was isolated from soy whey and carob pod, considered as economically viable sources, by chromatographic separation using activated carbon. Soy and carob pinitols had same chemical structure as that of reference pinitol based on HPLC and NMR results. Oral administration of soy pinitol and carob pinitol (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased blood glucose at 2-6 hr in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. These results suggest pinitol isolated from soy whey and carob pod could be beneficial in controlling blood glucose in animal model of diabetes mellitus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.41-57
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• 1998

Five hundreds of bifidobacteria were isolated from an healthy Korean and the inhibitory effects of these isolated bacteria on harmful enzymes of human intestinal microflora were examined by cocultivation of the isolated bifidobacteria with E. coli HGU-3 or total human intestinal microflora. In comparison with the results of E. coli or intestinal microflora cultivation, Bifidobacterium breave K-110, B. breve K-111 and B. infantis K-525 effectively inhibited harmful enzymes (${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and tryptophanase) of E. coli and lowered the pH of the culture media. Also they inhibited the harmful enzymes (${\beta}-glucosidase$, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$, tryptophanase and urease) and ammonia production of intestinal microflora, and lowered pH of the culture media by increasing the number of bifidobateria on intestinal microflora. The inhibitory effect of bifidobacteria on Growth of Helicobacter pylori and Rotavirus infection were exammed. Bifidobacterium K-110 and K-111 inhibited effectively them. When these isolated bifidobacteria were administered to mice, the activities of fecal harmful enzymes were inhibited and the AC and ACF formation were suppressed. Among tested bifidobacteria, B. breve K-110 had high inhibitory effect of fecal harmful enzymes and ACF formation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2011

Inhibition of intestinal glucose uptake is beneficial in reducing the blood glucose level for diabetes. To search for an effective intestinal glucose uptake inhibitor from natural sources, 70 native edible plants, fruits and vegetables were screened using Caco-2 cells and fluorescent D-glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG). A compound that was able to inhibit glucose uptake was isolated from methanol extract of Punica granatum L. and called PG-1a. PG-1a appears to be a phthalic acid-diisononyl ester- like compound (PDE) with molecular weight of 418. The inhibitory effect of PG-1a on intestinal glucose uptake was dose-dependent with 89% inhibition at $100\;{\mu}g$/mL. Furthermore, the intestinal glucose uptake inhibitory effect of PG-1a was 1.2-fold higher than phlorizin, a well known glucose uptake inhibitor. This study suggests that PG-1a could play a role in controlling the dietary glucose absorption, and that PG-1a can effectively improve the diabetic condition, and may be used as an optional therapeutic and preventive agent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 2007

Seven compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. and their structures were identified as ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (1), (24R)-6${\beta}$-hydroxy-24-ethyl-cholest-4-en-3-one (2), acteoside (3), geniposidic acid (4), 1-octen-3-ol 3-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl$(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (5), plantainoside D (6) and plantamajoside (7) on the spectroscopic analysis. Among them, $(24R)-6{\beta}$-hydroxy-24-ethyl-cholest-4-en-3-one (2) and 1-octen-3-ol 3-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl ($1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (5) were first isolated from this plant. Among them, geniposidic acid (4) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis, with inhibition rate of 41%.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.382-386
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• 2007

Cinnamomi Cortex (Lauraceae), the dried bark of Cinnamomum cassia BLUME, has been used as traditional Chinese medicine for its stomachic, astringent, carminative, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal properties. Four compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of Cinnamomi Cortex, and their structures were identified as trans-cinnamic acid (1), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (2), bis(2-methylheptyl)phthalate (3), coumarin (4) by comparison of their physical and spectral data with those reported in the literature. These compounds were tested melanogenesis inhibitory effect on B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines. Among them, trans-cinnamic acid (1) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis with $IC_{50}$ value of $13{\mu}g/ml$. Arbutin, positive control, exhibited an $IC_{50}$ value of $29{\mu}g/ml$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 2017

In order to search for anticancer agent as therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from Korean traditional prescriptions, we selected 58 traditional prescriptions based on a review of the Korean traditional medicine books. Among the selected traditional prescriptions, only water extracts of paedoksan (敗毒散) showed relatively good cytotoxicity at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$. Additionally, we evaluated cytotoxicity for various paedoksans and each herbal ingredient in paedoksans. The root of Anthriscus sylvestris exhibited more cytotoxic effect than any other ingredients in paedoksans. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the MC layer of Anthriscus sylvestris led to the isolation of deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT). DPT exhibited dose-dependently significant cytotoxicity against OSCC and MPM cell with nM range. Therefore, DPT from A. sylvestris might be a potential candidate as an effective anticancer therapeutic agent for OSCC and MPM.