• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1977

40 strains of E. coli isolated from residents of a doctorless area in Korea in 1976 and 40 strains of E. coli isolated from patients of Seoul National University Hospital from 1975 to 1976 were examined for susceptibilities to 14 antimicrobial agents by the agar dilution method. The susceptibilities of the two groups to each antimicrobial agent were compared and correlations in the antimicrobial susceptibility of the 80 strains of E. coli among the 14 antimicrobial agents were also analyzed. The results were obtained as follow: 1. With Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Doxycycline and Ampicillin, the mean MIC's of E. coli isolated from patients of Seoul National University Hospital were 8.6 to 14 times higher than. those of E. coli isolated from residents of a doctorless area. 2. With Streptomycin, Minocycline and Carbenicillin, the mean MIC's o{ E. coli isolated from patients of Seoul National University Hospital were 4.1 to 5.6 times higher than those of E. coil isolated from residents of a doctorless area. 3. With Kanamycin, Penicillin and Cotrimoxazole, the mean MIC's of E. coli isolated from patients of Seoul National University Hospital were 2.6 to 3.7 times higher than those of E. coli isolated from residents of a doctorless area. 4. There were no significant differences in susceptibility to Erythromycin respectively between E. coli isolated from patients of Seoul National University coli isolated from residents of a doctorless area. 5. E. coli isolated from patients of Seoul National University Hospital were resistant to Erythromycin(100%), Streptomycin(75%), Tetracycline(72.5%), Oxytetracycline(72.5%), Doxycycline(72.5%), Minocycline(67.5%), Penicillin(82.5%), Ampicillin(60%) and Carbenicillin(65%) respectively and were sensitive to Gentamicin(97.5%), Cephalexin(92.5%) and Kanamycin(72.5%) respectively. 6. E. coli isolated from residents of a doctorless, area were resistant to Erythromycin(100%), Streptomycin(40%) and Penicillin(50%) respectively and were sensitive to Gentamicin(100%), Kanamycin(92.5%), Tetracycline(87.5%), Oxytetracycline(87.5%), Doxycycline(87.5%), Minocycline(87.5%), Ampicillin(95%), Carbenicillin(92.5%) and Cephalexin(97.5%) respectively. 7. There were high correlations among the suscebtibilities of the 80 strains of E. coli to Tetracycline analogues(Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Doxycycline and Minocycline) and among susceptibilities of the 80 strains of E. coli to Penicillin analogues(Penicillin, Ampicillin and Carbenicillin). 8. There were relatively high correlations between the susceptibilities of the 80 strains of E. coli to Penicillin analogues and those to Tetracycline analogues, between the susceptibilities to Penicillin analogues and those to Streptomycin and between the susceptibilities to Tetracycline analogues and those to Streptomycin.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.887-896
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• 2015

This study estimates future AADT using historical AADT and socio-economic factors in isolated area. Multiple linear regression method by socio-economic factors are lower MAPE and higher R-square than using historical AADT. Analysis of socio-economic factors influence AADT in isolated typical areas, varied socio-economic factors influence on AADT. In isolated coastal areas, oil price influence on AADT. AADT forecasting model in isolated area is excellent when analysising $R^2$ and MAPE. It is assume that estimation of AADT in isolated area using multiple linear regression is accurate because of a little passed traffic volume and traffic volume fluctuation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1996

The results identified for bacterial flora 174, Vibrio spp.132, and coliform group 183 strains isolated from the areas of last China Sea and Yosu coastal sea during from August 6th. to 14th. 1992 were as follow: 40 strains among the 74 strains of bacteria flora isolated from fast China sea area were Pseudomonas spp.$(54\%)$ and 60 strains among the 100 strains isolated from Yosu sea area were Enterobacteriaceae $(60\%)$. Four strains were Vibrio alginoliticus and one strain of V, parahaemolyticus among 5 strains of genus Vibrio isolated from last China Sea. While 54 strains were V. alginolyticus $(43\%)$ and V, parahaemolyticus $(17\%)$ among 127 strains genus Vibrio isolated from Yosu coastal sea area. Seventy nine strains among the 156 strains of coliform group isolated from Vosu sea area were Escherichia coli I $(51\%)$ and each one strain Citrobacter freundii I and II. 3 strains among 27 strains isolated from last China sea area were E. coli$(11\%)$ and 1 strain of C. freundii I. Coliform group was grouped into 16 types by IMViC system, $44^{\circ}C$, gelatin liquefaction test.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.665-682
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• 2022

In the current study, punching behavior of Reinforced concrete (RC) isolated footings was experimentally and numerically investigated. The experimental program consisted of four half-scale RC isolated footing specimens. The test matrix was proposed to show effect of footing area, reinforcement mesh ratio, adding internal longitudinal reinforcement bars and stirrups on the punching response of RC isolated footings. Footings area varied from 1200×1200 mm2 to 1500×1500 mm2 while the mesh reinforcement ratio was in the range from 0.36 to 0.45%. On the other hand, a 3D non-linear finite element model was constructed using ABAQUS/standard program and verified against the experimental program. The numerical results agreed well with the experimental records. The validated numerical model was used to study effect of concrete compressive strength; longitudinal reinforcement bars ratio and stirrups concentration along one or two directions on the ultimate load, deflection, stiffness and failure patterns of RC isolated footings. Results concluded that adding longitudinal reinforcement bars did not significantly affect the punching response of RC isolated footings even high steel ratios were used. On the contrary, as the stirrups ratio increased, the ultimate load of RC isolated footings increased. Footing with stirrups ratio of 1.5% had ultimate load equal to 1331 kN, 19.6% higher than the bare footing. Moreover, adding stirrups along two directions with lower ratio (0.5 and 0.7%) significantly enhanced the ultimate load of RC isolated footings compared to their counterparts with higher stirrups ratio (1.0 and 1.5%).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.561-573
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• 2022

This paper presents a new model to obtain the minimum area of the contact surface for rectangular isolated footings, considering that the contact surface works partially to compression (a part of the contact surface of the footing is subjected to compression and the other is not in compression or tension). The methodology is developed by integration to obtain the axial load "P", moment around the X axis "M_x" and moment around the Y axis "M_y". This document presents the simplified and precise equations of the four possible cases of footing subjected to uniaxial bending and five possible cases of footing subjected to biaxial bending. The current model considers the contact area of the footing that works totally in compression, and other models consider the contact area that works partially under compression and these are developed by very complex iterative processes. Numerical examples are presented to obtain the minimum area of rectangular footings under an axial load and moments in two directions, and the results are compared with those of other authors. The results show that the new model presents smaller areas than the other authors presented.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the distribution of Yersiniae and correlation between Yersiniae and indicator organism by time and area in spring water located in northern part of Seoul. Samples collected from 46 spring waters located in four mountains(Dobong, Bukhan, Surak, Bulam) were inspected to detect Yersiniae and indicator organisms. And also there were examined bioserological characteristics and resistance of ahtibiotics of the isolated Yersiniae.The result were as follows. 1. The isolation rate of Yersiniae was 22% in February and 20% in April. The isolated species were 6 strains of Y. enterocolitica, 6 strains of Y. aldova, 4 strains of Y. intermedia and 43 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis. The serotype of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolated from was all O:5 and biotype of Y. enterocolitica isolated from was all O:3. 2. The Geometric mean of standard plate count, coliform, and psychrotrophilic bacteria were 3.4 CFU/ml, 1.2 MPN/100 ml and 33.0 CFU/ml in February and 3.1 CFU/ml, 1.5 MPN/100 ml and 20.5 CFU/ml in April respectively. There was no significant difference by time and area but the indicator organisms were correlated significantly with each other (p<0.05). 3. Because detection of Yersiniae was not statistically associated with indicator organism, Yersiniae can be detected in the spring water approved microbiologically (p<0.05). 4. The Yersiniae isolated were resistant to Ampicillin, Colistin, Carbenicillin and Coilstin. All isolaed Y. enterocolitica were resistant to Ampicillin (100%). In the case of Y. pseudotuberculosis, only 1 of 3 isolated was resistant to Colistin but susceptible to other antibiotics.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.235-241
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• 2021

Cardiogenic syncope occurs due to arrhythmia (bradycardia and tachycardia) or decreased cardiac output, and if proper treatment is not provided, it can lead to acute sudden death. A detailed medical history and physical examinations are required to determine the cause of syncope, and clinical approaches, including 12-lead ECG, are important. The 12-lead ECG does not have a chest lead in the posterior wall of the left ventricle; therefore, ECG of the isolated posterior wall myocardial infarction caused by left circumflex artery occlusion is not observed with ST elevation. Therefore, the significantly higher appearance of ST depression and R waves than S waves from V1 to V3 of the chest lead must be interpreted meaningfully. Isolated posterior wall myocardial infarction is small in the area of myocardial necrosis, and tension is increased in the necrotic area due to the contraction of the normal myocardial muscle, which can cause ventricular wall rupture. Therefore, it is necessary to additionally check Beck's triad, such as jugular venous distension and decreased heart sound, in patients with low blood pressure with an isolated posterior wall myocardial infarction on 12-lead ECG in patients with syncope.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2002

An investigation of occurrence and distribution of dictyostelid cellular slime molds in South Korea were carried out. Thirty-one dictyostelid cellular slime molds were isolated from soils of 256 sample sites of 41 area within mountain forests, riversides, streamsides and coastal area in South Korea. The average number of species isolated at a given study area was 6.85. Based on the distribution value calculated from average frequency and site presence, four dictyostelid species distributed widely in South Korea; Polyspondylium pallidum, P violaceum, Dictyostellium mucoroides and D. minutum. Especially, P pallidum. were found in 30 area and the highest site presence. Eight dictyostelid species was described firstly in this study: D areum var. luteolum, D. delicatum, D. deminutivum, D. implicatum, D. microsporum, D. mucoroides var. stoloniferum, D septentrionalis, and P. candidum.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.311-335
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• 2024

This work aims to show a model to estimate the minimum cost (Thickness and area of steel in X and Y directions) for design a circular isolated footing with eccentric column that considers that the surface in contact with the ground works partially under compression. The formulation is shown by integration to find the moments, the bending shears and the punching shear using the pressure volume under the footing. Some researchers show the minimum cost design for circular isolated footings for an eccentric column assuming that the contact area works completely in compression, others consider the contact surface with the ground working partially in compression for a column in the center of the base. Three numerical examples are developed to obtain the complete design, which are: Example 1 for a column in the center of the base,Example 2 for a column at a distance of 1.50 m from the center of the base in the X direction, Example 3 for a column at a distance of 1.50 m from the center of the base in both directions. Also, a comparison of the new model against the model proposed by other authors is presented. The comparison shows that the new model generates a great saving of up to 43.74% for minimum area and 48.44% for minimum cost design in a column located in the center of the base, and when the column is located at a distance of radius/2 starting from the center of the base in the X direction generates great savings of up to 45.24% for minimum area and 31.80% for minimum cost design. Therefore, it is advisable to use the model presented in this study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 1993

The present study was conducted to investigate the biochemical characteristics and anti-biotic resistance of pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from piglets with diarrhea in Kyongbuk Western Area during the period from February to November 1992. 55 E. coli strains were isolated from 97 piglets with diarrhea and the biochemical and cultural reaction were compared with the classification criteria of Edwards and Ewing. The majority of E. coli were susceptible to amikacln, enrofloxacin and gentamicin. 51 (92.7%) out of 55 drug resistance stains carried R factor (R+) which were transferable to the recipients by conjugation.