• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권13호
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• pp.687-738
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• 2016

To prepare for the complicated international relationship regarding Korean Peninsula after reunification, this thesis started off with the awareness that Unified Korea should build its international posture and national security at an early stage by determining its appropriate military strength for independent defense and military strategies that Unified Korea should aim. The main theme of this thesis is 'The research on appropriate military strength of the Unified Korean military'. To derive appropriate military strength of Unified Korea, this research focuses on conflict scenario and relative balance strategy based on potential threats posed by neighboring countries, and this is the part that differentiates this research from other researches. First of all, the main objective of the research is to decide appropriate military strength for Unified Korea to secure defense sufficiency. For this, this research will decide efficient military strategy that Unified Korea should aim. Than by presuming the most possible military conflict scenario, this research will judge the most appropriate military strength for Unified Korea to overcome the dispute. Second, after deciding appropriate military strength, this research will suggest how to operate presumed military strength in each armed force. The result of this thesis is as in the following. First, Unified Korea should aim 'relative balance strategy'. 'Relative balance strategy' is a military strategy which Unified Korea can independently secure defense sufficiency by maintaining relative balance when conflicts occur between neighboring countries. This strategy deters conflicts in advance by relative balance of power in certain time and place. Even if conflict occurs inevitably, this strategy secures initiative. Second, when analyzing neighboring countries interest and strategic environment after unification, the possibility of all-out war will be low in the Korean Peninsula because no other nation wants the Korean Peninsula to be subordinated to one single country. Therefore appropriate military strength of the Unified Korean military would be enough when Unified Korea can achieve relative balance in regional war or limited war. Third, Northeast Asia is a region where economic power and military strength is concentrated. Despite increasing mutual cooperation in the region, conflicts and competition to expand each countries influence is inherent. Japan is constantly enhancing their military strength as they aim for normal statehood. China is modernizing their military strength as they aspire to become global central nation. Russia is also enhancing their military strength in order to hold on to their past glory of Soviet Union as a world power. As a result, both in quality and quantity, the gap between military strength of Unified Korea and each neighboring countries is enlarged at an alarming rate. Especially in the field of air-sea power, arms race is occurring between each nation. Therefore Unified Korea should be equipped with appropriate military strength in order to achieve relative balance with each threats posed by neighboring countries. Fourth, the most possible conflicts between Unified Korea and neighboring countries could be summarized into four, which are Dokdo territorial dispute with Japan, Leodo jurisdictional dispute with China, territorial dispute concerning northern part of the Korea Peninsula with China and disputes regarding marine resources and sea routes with Russia. Based on those conflict scenarios, appropriate military strength for Unified Korea is as in the following. When conflict occurs with Japan regarding Dokdo, Japan is expected to put JMSDF Escort Flotilla 3, one out of four of its Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force Escort Fleet, which is based in Maizuru and JMSDF Maizuru District. To counterbalance this military strength, Unified Korea needs one task fleet, comprised with three task flotilla. In case of jurisdictional conflict with China concerning Leodo, China is expected to dispatch its North Sea fleet, one out of three of its naval fleet, which is in charge of the Yellow Sea. To response to this military action, Unified Korea needs one task fleet, comprised with three task flotilla. In case of territorial dispute concerning northern part of the Korean Peninsula with China, it is estimated that out of seven Military Region troops, China will dispatch two Military Region troops, including three Army Groups from Shenyang Military Region, where it faces boarder with the Korean Peninsula. To handle with this military strength, Unified Korea needs six corps size ground force strength, including three corps of ground forces, two operational reserve corps(maneuver corps), and one strategic reserve corps(maneuver corps). When conflict occurs with Russia regarding marine resources and sea routes, Russia is expected to send a warfare group of a size that includes two destroyers, which is part of the Pacific Fleet. In order to balance this strength, Unified Korea naval power requires one warfare group including two destroyers. Fifth, management direction for the Unified Korean military is as in the following. Regarding the ground force management, it would be most efficient to deploy troops in the border area with china for regional and counter-amphibious defense. For the defense except the border line with china, the most efficient form of force management would be maintaining strategic reserve corps. The naval force should achieve relative balance with neighboring countries when there is maritime dispute and build 'task fleet' which can independently handle long-range maritime mission. Of the three 'task fleet', one task fleet should be deployed at Jeju base to prepare for Dokdo territorial dispute and Leodo jurisdictional dispute. Also in case of regional conflict with china, one task fleet should be positioned at Yellow Sea and for regional conflict with Japan and Russia, one task fleet should be deployed at East Sea. Realistically, Unified Korea cannot possess an air force equal to neither Japan nor China in quantity. Therefore, although Unified Korea's air force might be inferior in quantity, they should possess the systematic level which Japan or China has. For this Unified Korea should build air base in island areas like Jeju Island or Ullenong Island to increase combat radius. Also to block off infiltration of enemy attack plane, air force needs to build and manage air bases near coastal areas. For landing operation forces, Marine Corps should be managed in the size of two divisions. For island defense force, which is in charge of Jeju Island, Ulleung Island, Dokdo Island and five northwestern boarder island defenses, it should be in the size of one brigade. Also for standing international peace keeping operation, it requires one brigade. Therefore Marine Corps should be organized into three divisions. The result of the research yields a few policy implications when building appropriate military strength for Unified Korea. First, Unified Korea requires lower number of ground troops compared to that of current ROK(Republic of Korea) force. Second, air-sea forces should be drastically reinforced. Third, appropriate military strength of the Unified Korean military should be based on current ROK military system. Forth, building appropriate military strength for Unified Korea should start from today, not after reunification. Because of this, South Korea should build a military power that can simultaneously prepare for current North Korea's provocations and future threats from neighboring countries after reunification. The core of this research is to decide appropriate military strength for Unified Korea to realize relative balance that will ensure defense sufficiency from neighboring countries threats. In other words, this research should precisely be aware of threats posed by neighboring countries and decide minimum level of military strength that could realize relative balance in conflict situation. Moreover this research will show the path for building appropriate military strength in each armed force.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.49-49
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• 2014

South Korea is covered primarily by temperate vegetation; therefore, foliicolous lichens may not be expected to play an important role in its lichen flora. Indeed, more than 100 years after the first lichen record from South Korea reported by Hue, the paper "Pyrenocarpous lichens in Korea" published by Moon and Aptroot, reported on the presence of two foliicolous lichens, Strigula nemathora Mont, and S. smaragdula Fr., for the first time in South Korea. No detailed reports on foliicolous lichens have since been published in South Korea. In Japan, the neighboring country, approximately 83 foliicolous lichen species are distributed at the southernmost part under temperate to subtropical climatic conditions. However, a large number of foliicolous lichens, with many recent records, have been reported in neighboring countries like China and Taiwan. According to Thor et al., studies on foliicolous lichen flora of Asia are comparatively poor compared to those reported from America. There are six lichenogeographical regions: the Neotropics, Valdivia, Tethyan, African Paleotropics, eastern Paleotropics, and Neozelandic-Tasmanian, which are demarcated based on the known worldwide distribution pattern of foliicolous lichen flora. South Korea belongs to the eastern paleotropic region, where a higher number of local endemic foliicolous lichens have been reported. So far, there are a total of six known foliicolous lichen taxa from South Korea; S. concreta, S. macrocarpa, S. melanobapha, S. nemathora, S. smaragdula, and S. subelegans from Jeju Island. So far, the genus Strigula is the only known representative of the foliicolous lichen flora in South Korea. Among the recorded species, S. concreta, S. smaragdula, and S. subelegans are abundant and widespread. Japan, the closest area to Jeju Island, has the same distribution pattern of foliicolous lichens, with S. smaragdula, S. melanobapha, and S. subtilissima. Pollen studies conducted by Chung reported that changes in vegetation on Jeju Island, due mainly to deglacial warming and the influence of geographical change, resulted from sea-level rises. In general, all of the foliicolous lichens observed so far were restricted to the southernmost part of South Korea, particularly Jeju Island. Island might be influenced by its geographical setting. One reason could be the close dispersal distances of spores and vegetative propagules from areas such as the southern part of Japan and eastern part of China, where more foliicolous lichens can be found. Thor et al. also showed that the southern part of Japan harbors more foliicolous lichens than the northern part. Considering that China is close to Jeju Island, many foliicolous lichens, including S. concreta, S. macrocarpa, S. nemanthora, and S. smaragdula, have been reported from Yunnan province, the southernmost part of China. Geographically, this province is far away from Jeju Island. In other provinces, such as Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang, which are closer to Jeju Island, no foliicolous lichens have been recorded so far. Therefore, the chance of spores and propagules coming from such closer areas is questionable. Thus, the location of origin of ancestors of foliicolous lichens of South Korea and the time and means of their invasion of this island is controverisial. The current study would lead the way to finding answers to the above mentioned questions.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.131-146
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 제주도 지역 카페를 중심으로 점포 입지분포의 변화를 살펴보고, 그에 작용하는 요인을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 먼저 제주도에 카페가 처음 입지한 시점부터 현재까지 시기별 개점과 폐점의 공간적 분포 양상을 파악한다. 특히 신규 입점이 많이 증가한 COVID-19 발발 이후의 개업 및 폐업한 카페의 입지에서 발견되는 공간적 분포 특성을 분석한다. 또한, 현재 영업 중인 카페와 COVID-19 확산 기간에 개업하거나 폐업한 카페의 분포에 영향을 끼친 지역 속성과 온라인의 영향력을 파악한다. 실증분석 결과, 제주도는 정보검색을 통해 주요 목적지가 정해지는 특성을 갖는 관광지이자 도서 지역으로 내륙도시 지역의 카페 입지와 다른 분포 형태를 나타냈다. 특히 제주도 카페에 관한 키워드 검색량을 추출하여 빈도 분석한 결과 COVID-19 이후 제주도의 새로운 지역과 장소에 대한 정보검색 등 온라인 접근성은 더욱 다양해지고 확대되었다. 또한, 도로 규모별 카페 점포와의 거리를 산정한 결과 전통적으로 중요한 속성으로 작용해온 물리적 입지요인과 도로 접근성은 상대적으로 연관성이 낮았다. 본 연구는 제주도 지역 카페 입지의 분포 형태와 특성을 온·오프라인의 영향력을 반영하여 밝혔다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2000

황해지역에서 생성 및 배출되는 자연황화합물의 규모를 정량적으로 구명하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 본 연구진은 황해에 위치한 덕적도를 주 측정점으로 설정하고 대기 중에 존재하는 DMS의 농도분포를 1999년 4월과 9월 2차례의 집중측정기간을 통해 측정하였다. 그리고 이에 덧붙여 1999년 6월에는 청도-인천간 해상실험을 통해 황해상의 DMS 농도를 측정하였다. 덕적도를 중심으로 시행한 양 측정기간 중 DMS의 농도값은 4월 측정의 경우 평균과 표준오차가 $24.0{\pm}40.5$ pptv(n=40)인데 반해 9월 측정의 경우 $61.1{\pm}37.9$ pptv(n=35)로 나타났다. 그리고 선상실험에서 측정한 DMS 값은 대체로 배경농도에 가까운 낮은 농도범위를 갖는 것으로 밝혀졌다. DMS의 농도분포는 일반적으로 불규칙한 양상을 보였지만, 주변 기상인자의 변화경향과 유사하게 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. 본문에서는 이러한 연구결과와 기존의 연구결과 등을 연계하여 잠정적인 연간 배출량규모를 4Gg 대로 추정하였다. 이러한 배출규모는 과거 제주지역 등을 중심으로 측정한 결과에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 수치인데, 시간적 및 공간적으로 대표성이 강한 보다 객관적인 배출량을 산정하기 위해서는 추가적인 측정 자료의 축적이 요구된다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 1990

본 연구에서 밝혀진 본도의 관속식물류는 66과, 121속, 127종, 16변종, 2품종이고 총 145종류이며 한국의 관속식물(4,191종류; 중정, 1952)의 3.46%에 해당된다. 1945년부터 1960년까지 15년간은 부산, 마산, 충무, 삼천포등지로 연료를 공급하기 위해 많은 나무가 벌채되었으나 연탄의 사용으로 벌채가 중단되고 도내의 임야녹화로 복원되었다. 행정당국의 장려로 곰솔의 식재와 자연번식으로 본도는 곰솔이 우점종으로 나타났다. 상록활엽수는 구전의 서낭당림의 동백나무, 센달나무등의 노수목을 비롯해서 28종이였다. 도내의 중앙에 위치하는 천황산(467m)의 산록지대의 경사지($20{\circ}~30{\circ}$)에 옥수수와 고구마를 주로 가꾸고 있었다. 본도에 분포하고 있는 경제식물은 식용식물 68종, 약용식물 69종, 관상용식물 23종, 공업조자원 1종, 용재자원 15종, 섬유자원 4종, 목초자원 2종, 잡용자원 21종으로 분류되었다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.99-117
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 장소자산으로서 제주 돌담의 가치와 더불어 활용방안을 제시하는데 있다. 이러한 논의는 그 동안 제주 돌담이 장소자산으로서 본질적인 가치가 부각되지 않고, 잠재적 가치만을 주장해온 상황을 타개하기 위한 돌파구가 될 수 있다. 더불어 제주 돌담의 구체적인 활용방안을 통하여 제주의 지속가능한 지역발전을 모색하는 방편이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 장소자산으로 제주 돌담의 종류와 기능 및 가치를 논의한 후 제주 돌담의 지역별 분포현황을 토대로 현실적인 활용방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 심층적으로 논의한 결과, 제주 돌담의 가치는 크게 다섯 가지를 부각시킬 수 있었고, 구체적인 활용방안에서는 일곱 가지로 요약할 수 있었다. 본 논문에서 얻어진 연구결과는 앞으로 제주 지역발전의 새로운 지표로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.639-649
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• 2013

Over 96.2% of the agricultural water in Jeju Island is obtained from groundwater and there are quite distinct characteristics of agricultural water demand/supply spatially because of regional and seasonal differences in cropping system and rainfall amount. Land use for cultivating crops is expected to decrease 7.4% (4,215 ha) in 2020 compared to 2010, while market garden including various vegetable crop types having high water demand is increasing over the Island, especially western area having lower rainfall amount compared to southern area. On the other hand, land use for fruit including citrus and mandarin having low water demand is widely distributed over southern and northern part having higher rainfall amount. The agricultural water demand of $1,214{\times}10^3\;m^3/day$ in 2020 is estimated about 1.39 times compared to groundwater supply capacity of $874{\times}10^3\;m^3/day$ in 2010 with 42.4% of eastern, 103.1% of western, 61.9% of southern, and 77.0% of northern region. Moreover, net secured amount of agricultural groundwater would be expected to be much smaller due to regional disparity of water demand/supply, the lack of linkage system between the agricultural water supply facilities, and high percentage of private wells. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the total net secured amount of agricultural groundwater to overcome the expected regional discrepancy of water demand and supply by establishing policy alternative of regional water supply plan over the Island, including linkage system between wells, water tank enlargement, private wells maintenance and public wells development, and continuous enlargement of rainwater utilization facilities.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

The distributions of fish larvae and juveniles from the East China Sea, Yellow Sea and near Tsushima Island were investigated in Spring using the Maruchi (1994-1995) and Unagi (1996-1997) nets. A total of 94 species of fish larvae and juveniles belonging to 49 families under 17 orders were identified, of which Engraulis japonicus was dominant in every year except 1995 where Trachurus japonicus was dominant. Cluster analysis based on abundance and species composition by sampling stations (St.) revealed that the similar stations formed an arcuate group from Tsushima Island to southern Jeju Island in 1994, and from the Yellow Sea to southern Jeju Island in 1996. We concluded that these patterns resulted from the influence of the Tsushima Current prevailing in the east, and the Chinese Continental Waters and/or Hwanghae Cold Waters prevailing in the west, with Jeju Island exerting an influence in the centre. The diversity and composition of St. 97-3 and St. 97-5, both located where the Tsushima Current splits from the Kuroshio Current, was greatly different despite their close proximity. However, the former is located on the continental shelf, with the latter on the continental slope. This suggested that both topography and the Kuroshio Current have the most influence on the distribution of fish larvae and juveniles in this region. Furthermore, the weak Hwanghae Cold Waters of 1997 may have also limited the mixing of fish larvae and juveniles between the two stations.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2015

This study has set up a plan to establish a trail as a means of maximizing a community by using the residents' living materials and unused facilities that a village holds now. A local archive is a place where the records and living materials collected from a village are preserved, displayed and shared with others, serving as a complex space with multiple functions. To apply the idea of 'utilizing a local archive', the empirical study was conducted by making an analysis of trail resources of Baekryeong Island and local archive application resources. Local archive resources were selected through evaluation of connection of trail routes by investigating and discovering the unused facilities of Baekryeong Island village and the depreciation level and scale of them. And actual local archive living references were investigated and collected through in-depth interviews of villagers. Also, through planning of trails by region, limitations of investigation activities were improved and various tangible and intangible resources owned by Baekryeong Island were utilized to enable effective and distinctive investigation activities and experiences. Unused facilities were surveyed and chosen to take advantage of the local archive space, along with in-depth interviews with the residents living in Baekryeong Island. In addition, the current conditions for the trail routes were checked out in order to 'point out the final routes'.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.733-741
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• 2021

Jeju island is the largest island of South Korea, and has a relatively warm climate due to its geographical characteristics. These features have fostered development of various fermented foods distinct to Jeju island. Therefore, the functional activity of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the Jeju region's traditional fermented foods, including Kimchi and Jeotgal was characterized in this study. Fifteen strains were isolated from 6 types of fermented food. These strains include Enterococcus spp., Lactoplantibacillus spp., and Weisella spp. Several experiments were carried out to assess functional characteristics including acid resistance, bile resistance, hemolysis, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, and cholesterol-lowering activity. Three isolated strains (J-4, J-6 and J-10) exhibited high acid resistance, while the other 3 isolates (J-1, J-4 and J-6) showed high bile salt resistance. The strains displayed varied DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity: 71.14-86.42% among the first 3 strains, and 50.11-75.11% among the remaining 3 strains. Cholesterol-lowering activities were in the range 15.74-82.90% for all isolated strains. In conclusion, these studies suggest that isolated LAB strains from Jeju island traditional fermented foods possess the potential for broader application in the food industry.