• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제34권
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• pp.7.1-7.10
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• 2022

Background: Occupational skin diseases are skin conditions that occur or worsen in relation to work and known to be the second most common type of occupational disease affecting individuals in the United States. In Korea, epidemiological reports related to occupational skin diseases are rare. But, no cases of occupational contact dermatitis caused by welding and grinding work have been reported previously. Case presentation: Nine male workers working in the production department for liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships in Ulsan complained of erythematous papules/patches and itching in various areas of the body after welding and grinding work. The work environment monitoring report revealed that the amount of nickel dust exceeded the time weighted average (TWA) and poor local ventilation status. Based on the symptoms and the overall results of surveys, several tests, and work environment monitoring report, the 2 workers who had positive patch-test reactions to nickel were diagnosed with nickel dust-induced allergic contact dermatitis. The other 7 workers were diagnosed that there was a high probability that they had nickel dust-induced irritant contact dermatitis. The 2 workers who had nickel dust-induced allergic contact dermatitis were recommended to switch their jobs. Conclusions: Nickel is one of the most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis. In this case, the dust was assumed to be created by welding work with a high nickel content new welding rod and subsequent grinding work, and the concentration of this dust exceeded the time weighted average. Thus, it is thought that the nickel dust may have caused contact dermatitis through continuous contact with the workers' exposed skin in a poorly ventilated space. Currently, several domestic shipbuilding companies are manufacturing LNG tankers using a new construction method. Consequently, it is highly likely that similar cases will occur in the future, which makes this case report meaningful.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-allergy activities of persimmon leaf extract (PLE) on a phthalic anhydride (PA)-induced allergic mouse model. A human leukemic mast cell line (HMC-1) was used to examine the inhibitory activity of PLE on the histamine release by human leukemic mast cells. PLE inhibited histamine release from HMC-1 cells in response to cross-linkage of high-affinity IgE receptor-${\alpha}$ ($Fc{\varepsilon}RI{\alpha}$). Additionally, a PA-induced allergic mouse model was used to investigate the effects of PLE in vivo. Mice were orally administrated with or without PLE of single dose (250 mg/kg/day) for 31 days. Oral intake of PLE significantly inhibited passive cutaneous reactions. Oral administration of PLE to PA-induced allergic mice also led to a striking suppression of the development of contact dermatitis, ear swelling and lymph node weight. In addition, PA-specific IL-4 production of draining lymph node cells was markedly diminished by PLE oral administration, but not IFN-${\gamma}$. Furthermore, PLE treatment suppressed PA-induced thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (CCL17) and cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CCL27) expressions in ear tissues. Based on these results, we suggest that PLE may have therapeutic potential as an effective material for management of irritant contact dermatitis or related inflammatory diseases.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.497-499
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• 2010

Cutaneous injuries stung by jellyfish are not uncommon in human exposed to marine environments. Most of the cases occur to scuba divers, fishermen, and travelers swimming at the beach. The symptoms vary from mild dermatosis to fatal systemic reaction. Some group of jellyfish like Atlantic Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia physalis) provokes acute severe skin injuries with systemic symptoms of nausea, bradycardia, and rarely anaphylaxis. But it is unusual case that allergic dermatitis caused by Scyphistoma which is polyp stage of jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) happened to zoo keepers working at indoor dolphin pool. This case report is about dermatosis with symptoms such as painful, irritant, itching, and erupted skin lesions on the neck and face of zoo keepers working at dolphinarium in Seoul zoo, Korea.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of herbal medicine complex extract (NI-01), which were prepared from 6 natural materials (Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Lonicerae Flos, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, Arctium lappa Linne, Schzandra chinesis Bailon, Elsholtzia ciliata Hylander), as a functional material for inhibition of atopic dermatitis. anti-oxidative activity was confirmed by measuring DPPH electron donating ability and ABTS+ radical scavenging ability. Cytotoxicity and NO inhibition were measured using RAW 264.7 cells to confirm anti-inflammatory efficacy. The test substance was orally administered to the pruritus-induced ICR mice to confirm the inhibition of pruritus. The bovine cornea opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay was performed to confirm safety for irritation. NI-01 showed high antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS+ methods. In the anti-inflammatory effect tests with RAW 264.7 cells, NO production was inhibited at NI-01 concentrations of 50 (14.9%) and 100 (4.2%) ㎍/mL, which indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. NI-01 also showed anti-itching effect after inducing of itching by compound 48/80 in ICR mice. NI-01 was proved to be a non-irritant substance in BCOP assay. The results of this study suggested that the herbal medicine combined extract (NI-01) has high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-itching effects, and safety for irritation. Therefore, herbal medicine complex extract (NI-01) is thought to be highly applicable for the inhibitory ingredients of the atopic dermatitis.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2012

보통 지루성 피부염은 과다 생성된 피지와 함께 피지를 영양분으로 상재하는 M. globosa 이스트에 의해서 얼굴, 몸 및 두피에 자주 발생하는 피부질환이다. 본 연구는 천연정유성분(Natural essential oils)으로부터 지루성 피부염과 관련된 항염증 활성과 M. globosa 이스트에 대한 증식 억제 활성을 평가하고자 하였다. 지루성 피부염 진정 효능을 평가하기 위해서 지루성 피부염 환경을 모사한 공배양 세포 평가 모델을 구축하였다. 본 평가모델을 통해서 육계(Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamon bark)의 껍질 및 박하(Mentha arvensis, Cornmint)의 잎에서 추출한 천연정유 성분이 다양한 지루성 피부염 자극원에 따른 Interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ (IL-$1{\alpha}$), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) 사이토카인의 발현량 증가와 피지생성 증가를 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 또한, 지루성 피부염 유발균으로 알려진 M. globosa 이스트에 대한 증식 저해 평가를 통해 두 정유성분에서 유의한 M. globosa 증식 억제 능(MIC ${\leq}0.0625%$)을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과로부터 육계껍질 및 박하 잎 정유성분이 지루성 피부염에 따른 염증성 사이토카인의 발현량을 감소시켰다. 특히 육계 껍질 오일은 지루성 피부염 주요 원인인 Malassezia furfur 및 M. globosa 증식을 억제함으로써, 지루성 두피 염증의 예방과 효과적인 관리 제품의 소재로서 활용가치가 높음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2012년도 제46차 학술발표회
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• pp.57-57
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• 2012

피부염 증상 완화특성을 갖는 힐링섬유소재 제조를 연구하였다. 면소재, 폴리에스테스/나일론 소재에 피부염 증상완화특성이 있다고 알려진 기능성물질을 바인더, 수지 등의 혼합물 페이스트로 만들어 스크린프린팅법을 사용하여 실험을 시도하였다. 제조한 힐링섬유시편소재의 항균특성은 면소재의 경우 99.9% 의 우수한 항균특성을 나타냈다. 암모니아가스의 소취성능은 시간경과에 따라 최대 68%의 소취율을 보였다. 타소재와의 오염견뢰도는 평균 4.5 ~ 5등급, 변퇴세탁견뢰도는 5등급, 마찰견뢰도는 3 ~ 4.5 등급, 일광견뢰도는 5등급을 나타냈다. 의약품 등의 독성시험기준에 따른 힐링소재의 피부자극성을 평가하기 위해 NZW토끼의 피부에 24시간 동안 부착한 후 72시간 동안 사망률, 일반증상, 체중변화 및 피부자극성을 시험한 결과 사망토끼는 관찰되지 않았고, 모든 시험동물에서 특이할 만한 이상증상은 관찰되지 않았다. 체중측정결과 모든 동물에서 정상적인 체중증가를 보였다. 시험소재의 피부자극성을 관찰한 결과 피부자극성이 관찰되지 않아 비자극성(None Irritant)섬유소재로 판단되어 피부염증상완화 특성을 갖는 힐링섬유소재 제조의 실용화 가능성을 연구하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.785-799
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• 1996

절삭유의 사용과 피부질환의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 한 자동차공장의 엔진 및 구동부서 근로자 1,004명을 대상으로 피부 이상 증세에 대한 기초설문조사를 실시하여 응답을 해준 근로자 667명을 대상으로 분석 및 피부과적 검진을 실시하였다. 또한 절삭유의 노출 정도를 알기 위한 방법으로 공기 중 오일 미스트를 측정하였다. 이 조사의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공기 중 오일미스트는 3개 부서로 나누어서 측정 하였는데, 전체 52건의 측정건수 중에서 8시간가중 평균 기준치인 $5mg/m^3$을 넘는 건수는 9건(17.3%)이었고, 로그정규분포상에서 95% 신뢰한계의 전체 상한치는 기준치 미만이었다. 2. 조사한 부서는 엔진가공부(258명), 가솔린 엔진조립부(210명), 디젤엔진조립부(96명), 구동부 가공반(86명), 구동부 조립반(17명)의 5개 부서였으며, 조사한 667명의 평균 나이는 34.5세였고, 근무연수의 중앙값은 7년 7개월이었다. 3. 이들 부서 중 엔진가공부와 구동부 가공반(A군)은 절삭유를 공정상 많이 사용하는 부서로 근로자 344명 중 298명 (86.6%)이 한 가지 이상의 절삭유를 사용하고 있는 반면, 가솔린엔진 조립부, 디젤엔진 조립부, 구동부 조립반의 근로자 323명(B군) 중에는 31명 (9.1%)만이 절삭유를 사용하고 있었다. 4. 피부 이상 증세의 경험자 227명 중 213명에 대하여 피부과전문의의 진찰을 시행하였는데, 이중에 172명이 검진당시 증세를 호소했는데, 1인당 평균 호소증세 건수가 1.5건 정도였다. 가장 많은 증세는 가려움증(32.5%), 구진(21.6%), 인설(15.7%), 소수포(12.5%), 반점(9.4%)의 순서였다. 5. 검진을 받은 근로자 231명 중 정상소견이나 뚜렷한 병변이 없는 사람으로 분류된 경우는 53명이었고, 나머지 160명에서 피부과적 질환이 발견되었다. 가장 많은 것은 접촉 피부염으로 전체 질환자 중 92명 (57.5%)을 차지하였고, 이들 중에는 여드름이나 낭포염 등 기타 다른 피부질환을 동반한 경우가 23명 (25%) 이었다. 기타 낭포염, 여드름만 있는 경우도 각각 9명(5.6%), 8명(5.0%)이었으며 , 각질화와 색소 이상도 1명 씩 발견되었다. 기타의 수부 습진은 비특이성 수부습진으로 분류되었는데 이들은 47명이었다. 6.피부질환이 있다고 진단받은 160명에서 발견된 피부과적 이상부위는 1인당 1.3부위였다. 이상이 발견된 부위는 손바닥(27.6%), 손가락과 손톱(22.7%), 상박부(16.0%), 손등(11.8%), 손가락 사이(10.3%)의 순이었고, 이들 수부 및 상박부위의 이상이 전체 이상의 약 88.7%였다. 7. 전체 피부질환의 유병상태는 각 부서별로 차이가 많았는데, 특히 접촉 피부염의 경우 엔진가공부는 1,000명당 213명, 가솔린엔진 조립부는 1,000명당 29명, 디젤엔진 조립부는 1,000명당 73명이었고, 구동부 가공반은 1,000명당 267명, 구동부 조립반은 1,000명당 59명으로 부서별로 차이가 매우 켰다. 이러한 경향은 절삭유 사용에 따라서 특히 수용성 절삭유만 사용하는 군과 두 종류의 절삭유를 모두 사용하는 근로자에서 마찬가지로 높게 관찰되었다. 8. 감별진단이 필요하다고 판단된 접촉 피부염 환자 49명은 첩포 검사를 시행하였다. 첩포 검사 결과, 기본 표준시료에 양성이 나타난사람이 12명, 기본표준시료와 오일시료에 모두 양성이 나타난 사람 3명, 그리고 오일 시료에만 양성이 나타난 사람 3명이 있었고, 기본 표준시료와 유기용제시료에 양성이 나타난 사람, 유기용제 시료에만 양성이 나타난 사람이 각각 1명 있었다. 9. 전체 피부질환의 유무에 대하여, 근로자의 나이와 근무기간의 영향을 통제한 후 근로자들이 사용하는 절삭유의 종류에 따른 위험도를 알아보기 위하여 다변량 분석을 하였다. 분석결과 절삭유를 전혀 사용하지 않는 군과 비수용성 절삭유만을 사용하는 군과는 유의한 차이가 없었으며 수용성 절삭유만 사용하는 사람은 $1.4\sim3.3$배(교차비의 95%신뢰한계), 두 종류의 절삭유를 모두 사용하는 사람은 $1.9\sim4.1$배 정도로 위험도가 높았다. 10. 알레르기성 접촉 피부염을 종속변수로 같은 분석을 했을 때도 결과는 같았으나, 수용성 절삭유만 사용하는 군이 $2.7\sim9.7$배, 두 종류를 모두 사용하는 군에서는 $3.7\sim12.6$배 정도로 위험도가 증가한 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2016

Objectives : Taglisodog-eum(TSE), a poly herbal formula, has been widely used to improve carbuncles by removing inflammation of the lymphatic channels in Traditional Korean Medicine. We previousely reported the action mechanism of TSE on experimental atopic dermatitis and the establishment of formulation for TSE ointment. In this study, we examined the toxicity test on skin and eye irritation by TSE ointment to prove the safety of Taglisodog-eum ointment in clinical use. Methods : Acute skin toxicity of the TSE ointment was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. After dermal administration of TSE ointment(2,000mg/kg), body weight, mortality, and clinical signs of the rats were observed for 14days. Primary skin irritation and ocular irritation tests for TSE ointment were performed in male New Zealand White Rabbits. In dermal and ocular irritation test, body weight, mortality, clinical signs, Primary Irritation Index(P.I.I.), and The Index of Acute Ocular Irritaion(I.A.O.I.) of rabbit were observed after applying at abraded skin and eye balls with Taglisodog-eum ointment. Results : In the results of acute skin toxicity, no significant differences were found in body weight, the clinical sign and the mortality between control and TSE ointment treated group. In primary dermal irritation test, body weight, the clinical sign and the mortality were not significantly changed and Primary Irritation Index(P.I.I.) was 0.8, indicating TSE ointment as weak irritant material. In ocular irritation test, The Index of Acute Ocular Irritaion was 0.0, indicating TSE ointment as non-irritating to the eye of the rabbits. To evaluate toxicity of the TSE ointment in animal test, body weight, the clinical signs, the skin and eye irritation check were conducted; TSE ointment was considered to be weak dermal irritant in test animals. The no response of eye irritation test was observed in this experimental condition. Conclusions : According to the above toxicity test, We consider that this results is helpful for saying about the safety of TSE ointment in clinical use.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2003

Allergic contact dermatitis may be caused by a wide variety of chemicals. A murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been developed as an alternative to guinea pig models for assessing the contact sensitization potential of chemical. However, there is a need to develop a nonradioisotopic endpoint for the LLNA, because of the radioisotopic method's requiring the use of special facilities. In this study, we investigated the development of a nonradioisotopic endpoint for LLNA using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Female Balb/c mice were treated by the topical application on the dorsum of both ears with four different strong sensitizers, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), oxazolone (OXZ), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and trimellitic anhydride (TMA), and a strong irritant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), once daily for three consecutive days. The proliferation of cells in the auricular Iymph node was analyzed by means of the labelling index (Ll) of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into cells. The weights of the Iymph nodes in the mice treated with allergens, DNCB, OXZ, TDl and TMA were increased compared to the vehicle control. The stimulation index (Sl) of mice treated with DNCB, OXZ, TDl, and TMA was over three-fold increase compared to the vehicle control. However, the S1 of mice exposed to SLS was not significantly increased compared to the vehicle control, while the lymph node weight of SLS was significantly increased. These results suggest that the LLNA modified endpoint using ELISA based on BrdU incorporation could provide a useful method of screening for irritants and allergens.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2002

Allergic contact dermatitis (skin sensitization) may be caused by a wide variety of chemicals. A murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been developed as an alternative to guinea pig models for assessing the contact sensitization potential of chemical. This study was carried out to evaluate the skin sensitization potential for chemicals in Balb/c mice by LLNA. Contact allergen, dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), respiratory allergen, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and a weak allergen, $\alpha$-hexlycinnamaldehyde (HCA) were wed as positive chemicals and irritant, sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) also wed as a reference chemical in this study. The weights of lymph node in the mice treated with DNCB, TDI, and HCA were increased compared to vehicle control. There was a significant increase in lymph node weight of mice treated with high concentration of SLS compared to vehicle control. The stimulation index (SI) of Lymph node cell in the mice treated with DNCB, TDI, and HCA revealed over three-fold increase compared to vehicle control by $3^H$-thymidine uptake. All allergens correctly identified in this LLNA study wing Balb/c mice. These results suggest that LLNA wing Balb/c mice could be a useful method for screening the allergenic potential of chemicals. The expression of IL-2 mRNA was slightly increased in draining auricular lymph node cell of the mice treated with TDI and HCA by RT-PCR. However the IL-2 levels in DNCB and SLS of treated animals were not significantly changed.