• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-51
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• 1980

In order to research into the devel of the concept of movement and speed in our own way and compare with the Piaget's method, and then find out the formative period of such development, we have put the 192 primary school children as the model and obtained the following results. 1. As their grade upyards, all the experimental subjects showed the gradual progress generally regardless of sex or regions, while only the relative speed showed irregular progress. 2. There was no experimental subject which showed any remarkable sexual characteristics. But in the relative movement, the lower grade boys and higher grade girls made progress. In the subjects of circulation movement, intuition of speed, relative speed and speed of simultaneous movement, the boys marked better progress, whilst the girls were advanced a little in the speed of continuous movement with, different distance and time. 3. There was no conspicuous difference between the urban and rural areas, except a slight tendency that the urban children made better progress in the change of progressing direction, native continuous procedure of periodical movement, travelling road, and the speed of continuous movement with different distance and time whereas the rural children were more advanced in the relative movement, relative speed and intuition of speed. But it should be 'taken into consideration that the rural regions in our case were relatively developed in comparison with the traditional rural communities, which may explain about little regional difference. 4. Comparing our research results with the Piaget's theory, we have reached below results. Our research reports that the formative period of the conception of the problems of diverse progressing direction and a native continuous procedure of periodical movement was simultaneous, at the Piagetian level(at the fourth grade) which coincides with Piagetian theory. The travelling road should be made up a little lower at 2A/2B according' to Piagetian Level, whereas it was formed at the 4th grade as shown in our previous research. Intuition of speed should belong to the prior stage to concrete operation, but our research shows it was formed late at the 4th grade. Composition of displacement was made at the 6th grade, and it was almost equal to the first stage of formal operation(3A). But in the subjects of relative movement relative speed, the speed of continuous movement with different distance and time, relation and preservation of invariable speed, and accelerated motion, even 6th grade children marked a poor record. Summed up, the procedure conception as a basic movement conception coincides with the Piagetion level. But as for speed intuition, relative speed and speed fixation, it was Jar behind Piagetian level. Therefore it is required that we have to concentrate on the systematic training in these parts on the spot.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.156-168
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• 2007

Brands started to manufacture consumer-oriented products and look for active methods to appeal their brands to consumers, in the 1990s. As a result, actively adopting graphic design to clothing designs has recently become an important strategy among others. Graphic design has important significance in contemporary fashion design in the aspect that it has expanded the range of expressive methods by bringing over expressive methods of visual design, and has led to an increase in sales due to consumer satisfaction, but it has been vaguely handled together with textiles design, and research on the topic has been insufficient. Therefore this study aimed to clearly define the idea of graphic design based on documentary research, and analyze applying case and formative features of graphic design expressed in clothing, through case studies from 2004 to 2006, and derive the trends of graphic design expressed in contemporary fashion design. The results of this study are as follows. The common characteristics of images that reflect recent graphic design trends in fashion design are hand writing and irregular composition, and images that actively pursued these pointes were retro and craft images, and modern and sporty images reflected these graphic design trends in a comparatively passive manner. It is important to maintain style differentiation rather than indiscreetly adopting graphic design trends to clothing, and to appropriately apply trend characteristics of fashion design and other design areas. Expressive methods of design are expected to expand through appropriate application and development of graphic design, and can potentially provide a new solution to brand differentiation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.30-37
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• 2010

Dutch artist, Theo van Doesburg had shown short but strong experimental aesthetics in his works through De Stijl movement. He played a leading role for editing De Stijl magazine and performed various formative works such as painting, sculpture, and architecture. In 1923 he opened the first De Stijl exhibition cooperated with Cornelis van Eesteren. In this architecture exhibition he showed rich formal spirits of counter-construction in his major design works, that is Maison Particuliere and Maison D'artiste among three houses projects. Formal characteristics of counter-construction can be summed up under two categories, time and space. Analytical results are as follows; First, the characteristics of counter-construction related to time category include two types of two mode. One is linear aspect of time based on the viewer's movement. The other aspect is simultaneity caused by synoptical effect. These could be proved by the analysis of arrangement of color planes. Secondly, the spatial aspects of counter-construction are produced through two different ways of formal strategies. Van Doesburg arranged cubes in very irregular pattern. This treatment induces ambiguous void and creates feeling of subject's space. And, through deleting, shifting, and extending he could make dynamic spatial effect by interpenetration between in and out. This fluid space thus introduces movements of one's gaze and circulation. He denied traditional classical values which had ruled the western aesthetical discipline for centuries and believed that mankind can reach the realm of universal equilibrium by contrast and tension created by counter-construction. In this vein Theo van Doesburg was an avant-garde artist of Hegelian thoughts who adopted the dialectical method without following the formal characteristics from ancestors.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.364-371
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• 2012

I designed a dietary life kitchen utensils which is focused by the shape of split bamboo that has meaning of health and safety and the shaman who is the religion and incantation performer, and who solve problems, which are impossible to solve in common methods, by borrowing the power and granting the meaning which is connected with transcendent existence and principal. Having closest relation with human being's diet culture is being changed with adding beauty instead of the part of simple practical aspect in our normal life. I tried to show incantation effect with keeping the characteristic of kitchen utensils by granting the symbolic meaning of shamanism which is the shelter that is projected the desire of human beings. the materials were produced of an ebony and steel and varnished with lacquer for coloring. For hand shape, which is hard to treat in irregular forms, the religious image of shamanism was formed by casting which expresses the touch of an ebony and the cold characteristic of metal. an overall design doesn't detail excessively distort or largely transform the form of dietary utensils, keeps its individuality, and emphasizes the image by figuring a grip part which a human can see and a body can approach. in addition, I try to show a point that shamanism has affected human life for long time and symbolic meaning of bamboo-shape shows health and safety. And these things vest with each dietary life tools and should be the role of enzyme about the effect of human life.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1155-1169
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Unhealthy food choices among young adults are common globally, and the incidence of chronic diseases, such as obesity, is rising. Food literacy (FL) is important for improving and maintaining individual health in a rapidly changing food environment and can form the basis for following a sustainable diet. Therefore, it is essential to improve FL among young adults, particularly college students, who are in the formative years of their lifelong food habits. This study examined the facilitators and barriers of FL and related dietary behavior among college students in South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study recruited 25 college students with different residence types using convenience and snowball sampling. In-person, telephone, and video interviews were conducted from March to November 2021. The interview data were analyzed using framework analysis based on the socio-ecological model. RESULTS: At the individual level, prior good experiences with food were the most frequently mentioned facilitator. In contrast, the major barriers were a lack of knowledge, financial hardship, irregular schedules, and academic stress. At the interpersonal level, the influences of family and peers, such as early exposure to healthy eating habits and opportunities to have easy accessibility to farms and farming, are major facilitators, but the lack of a sense of community was the major barrier. At the environmental level, the major barriers were unfavorable food environments at home and in neighborhoods, such as the absence of kitchens in housing and large packaging of produce at markets. CONCLUSIONS: Many factors affected the students' FL and related healthy eating practices. These findings suggest that a campus-based FL program should be developed by reflecting on these facilitators and barriers.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.262-269
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• 2007

The blur phenomenon obscuring the boundary between the field of designers and that of users may be the key paradigm in the 21st century. However, we observed a number of chair design cases that could be considered as the results of blur pheonomenon in the furniture design field from mid 1960s. The backgrounds include the repulsion against the uniform functionalism, deliberation on the life in the future and the development of plastic materials and their processing methods. Under such backgrounds, the designers pursued the new and futuristic furniture design. In that process, what is about the "freedom" that the consumers as well as the designers should have in using the furniture was the important concept. This concept enabled the creation of chair design inducing the participation of consumers. They created various kinds of shapes, functions and structures that the consumers became interested in as if they had fun with toy blocks by mainly using the new material "plastic". In a formative aspect, the entire shape is classified into the organic shape and geometric shape. The unit types are divided into two kinds; type that the unit of simple shape is repeated only with size difference and irregular combination type of the units comprised of more than two shapes. In the functional aspect, some cases showed the transformation and expansion of the function more variously. Other cases changed the function of chairs to tables, cabinets, or objects. In the structural aspect, on the basis of the method assembling each unit, one method is to assemble using the hardware and the other is to assemble only with intrinsic units of chair. The chair design created by the blur phenomenon between the designers and the users as described above causes the blur phenomenon between the furniture and the space where the furniture is installed. Accordingly, it is expanding the furniture design sphere including the case that the furniture is not selected as the rifle article depending on the characteristics of interior space but it becomes the element leading the characteristics of space. This study aims to estimate the change of interior space and the furniture that my cause the blur phenomenon by examining the cases above appropriate for the paradigm of the 21st century. Furthermore, this study will enable the discussion oil the directions of future furniture design based on its results.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 1996

To examine the process of spermiogenesis in the Korean red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus regulus, the seminiferous epithelium in the testis, was studied by trasmission electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained based on the morphological characteristics of cell differentiation. 1. According to the fine structural differentiation, spermiogenesis was divided into Golgi, cap, acrosome, maturation and spermiation phases. Besides, these phases were sub-divided into two steps : early and late phases respectively, Thus, the spermiogenesis of Clethrionomys rufocanus regulus was divided into a total of ten steps. 2. In the changes of the chromatin, the chromatin granules began to be condenced in the late Golgi phase, regularizated at maturation phases, and a perfect nucleus of sperm was formed at the spermiation phases. 3. The sperm head had the falciform, and the formative period of sperm tail began to be develop in the early Golgi phase and completed at the spermiation phases. 4. In the morphological features of spermiation phases, the spermatid of early spermiation phase was divided into three types : (1) A-type spermatid contained cytoplasmic droplets in the neck region and middle piece, and the mitochondria was irregular, and arranged around the axoneme. (2) B-type contained cytoplasmic droplet in the middle piece only, and the mitochondria are arranged the center of axoneme regularly, and (3) In the C-type spermatid, the arrangement of mitochondria was regular, and was contained cytoplasmic droplet in the neck region only. In the late spermiation phase, only the sperm head was surrounded by cytoplasm of Sertoli cell or the matured sperm just before the spermiation from the cytoplasm of Sertoli cell.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.318-332
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDB) on mechanically exposed pulp of dog by evaluating the pulpal inflammation and healing process, formation of dental hard tissue, and structural changes of fibroblasts of the remaining pulp tissue. Teeth of 4 dogs, weighing 10kg, were used in this study. Class V cavities were prepared followed by exposed the pulp tissue mechanically by sterilized round bur. In control group, exposed pulps were capped with calcium hydroxide paste followed by sealed with IRM. In experimental groups, the exposed pulps of one group were capped with the collagen and those of the other group were capped with DFDB. All cavities were sealed with same manor as control group. The animals were sacrificed at the intervals of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days for histopathlogic evaluation. The specimens were observed by the light microscope and trans-electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Pulp necrosis was not observed in all groups. Inflammatory response was disappeared from 1 week in control group and group 2. But it was not disappeared until 2 weeks and also irregular arrangement of odontoblasts was showed at the lateral walls of root canal just beneath the amputated site of the pulp in group 1. 2. Dentinal bridge was formed incompletely at 2 weeks but it was formed completely at 4 weeks in control group. Odontoid tissue was also found in control group at 4 weeks from treatment. Amputated site of pulp was encapsulated with fibrous tissue and odontoblast and dentinal bridge was not found in group 1. Preodontoid tissue and reparative dentin which were formed by odontoblast differentiated around DFDB were found, but dentinal bridge was not found in group 2. 3. Cell with large basophillic-stained nuclei infiltrated to amputated site and DFDB at 1 week from treatment in control group and group 2. They were found more in group 2 than in control group. Odontoblasts arranged more regularly and reparative dentin was found more as time elapsed. 4. Dentin-formative odontoblasts which showed ultramicrostructure of cytoplasm with polarized nucleus, rEM, Golgi complex, secretory granules, secretion of organic matrix in control of group and group 2. In regards to above results, the demineralized freeze-dried bone(DFDB) induce odontoblastic differentiation and further come up to the dentin formation in amputated pulp.