• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.3268-3276
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• 2023

The practice of identifying the potential zones for mineral exploration in a speedy and low-cost method includes the use of satellite imagery analysis as a part of remote sensing techniques. It is challenging to explore the iron mineralization of a region through conventional methods which are a time-consuming process. The current study utilizes the Hyperion satellite imagery for mapping the iron mineralization and associated geological features in the Irikkur region, Kannur, Kerala. Along with the remote sensing results, the field study and laboratory-based analysis were conducted to retrieve the ground truth point and geochemical proportion to verify the iron ore mineralization. The MC simulation showed for shielding properties indicate an increase in the linear attenuation coefficient with raising the Fe₂O₃+SiO₂ concentrations in the investigated rocks where it is varied at 0.662 MeV in the range 0.190 cm^-1 - 0.222 cm^-1 with rising the Fe₂O₃+SiO₂ content from 57.86 wt% to 71.15 wt%. The analysis also revealed that when the γ-ray energy increased from 0.221 MeV to 2.506 MeV, sample 1 had the largest linear attenuation coefficient, ranging from 9.33 cm1 to 0.12 cm^-1. Charnockite rocks were found to have exceptional shielding qualities, making them an excellent natural choice for radiation shielding applications.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.287-295
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• 2023

Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) were synthesized employing Lagenaria siceraria (LS) leaf aqueous extract as a reducing and capping medium to remove methylene blue (MB) dye and have antibacterial properties against G-negative (Escherichia coli) and G-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The formation of LS-Fe-NPs (Lagenaria-siceraria-iron-nanoparticles) was confirmed by a change in color from pale yellow to dark brown. Characterization techniques, such as particle size analysis (PSA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were employed to prove nano spherical particles of size range between 80-100 nm. Phytochemicals and the presence of iron in LS-Fe-NPs nanoparticles were proved by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Further, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis results confirmed the existence of bioactive molecules in the plants. The magnetic property was analyzed using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which displayed that the synthesized nanoparticles were superparamagnetic and exhibiting a saturation magnetization of 12.5 emu/g. Synthesized magnetic nanoparticles were used in methylene blue (MB) dye removal through adsorption. About 83% of 100 mg/L MB dye was removed within 120 min at pH 6 with a maximum adsorption capacity of 246.8 mg/g. Antibacterial efficacy of LS-Fe-NPs was screened against G-negative (Escherichia coli) and G-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), respectively, and found that LS-Fe-NPs were effective against Staphylococcus aureus.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.176-187
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• 2013

A study has been carried out on metal materials in order to identify the quantitative relation between the concentration and damage characteristics after evaluation of the damage characteristics according to the $SO_2$ concentration. The prepared metal samples, which were categorized according to the material (silver, copper, iron, lead, brass) were exposed to 0.01, 0.12, 1, 10, 100, 1,000, and 5,000ppm of $SO_2$ for 24 hours and the optical, physical, chemical deterioration rates both before and after testing were evaluated. The results showed optical deterioration, a loss of gloss on silver specimen with $SO_2$ 100ppm, an increase of color difference on brass, iron, copper and lead specimens with $SO_2$ 5,000ppm, as well as physical changes such as an increase of thickness and corrosion rate on iron sample with $SO_2$ 5,000ppm. In the case of chemical changes such as an increase sulfate ion ($SO{_4}^{2-}$) concentration and decrease of pH on iron and brass specimens were identified. These results suggest that $SO_2$ 100ppm caused clear optical deterioration on some metals such as silver and physicochemical and optical deterioration were identified at $SO_2$ 5,000ppm regardless of metal type. Also, It was concluded that iron and brass are the most susceptible of the metal specimens to $SO_2$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.1114-1121
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• 2016

This study investigated the food components and antioxidant activities of dried Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) with white and purple colors. For the proximate composition of dried Jerusalem artichoke, regardless of color, carbohydrate content was highest, followed by crude protein, ash, and moisture contents, and breed-specific differences were not detected. The highest mineral content of dried Jerusalem artichoke was potassium, followed by calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron. The major minerals of white color sample were calcium, magnesium, and zinc, whereas those of the purple color sample were potassium, sodium, copper, and manganese, and no significant differences between the samples were detected. The main amino acid of dried Jerusalem artichoke was arginine, regardless of color, followed by asparagine, aspartic acid, and ${\gamma}-amino-n-butyric$ acid in order. Cysteine, leucine, and tyrosine were significantly (P<0.05) more abundant in the purple color sample than in the white color sample. In contrast, phosphoethanolamine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the white color sample than in the purple color sample. Antioxidant activity was higher in the purple color sample than in the white color sample for all activities except the 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay methodology. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays at low concentrations of extracts found no differences between the two samples, although the purple sample at high concentration showed relatively high antioxidant activities.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.337-345
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• 1973

The nonstoichiometry of the iron oxide system has been studied by analyzing the weight loss of a sample, measured by using a quartz microbalance, in a temperature range from $0^{\circ}C$ to $1200^{\circ}C$ under oxygen pressures from $10^{2}mmHg$ to $10^{-4}mmHg$. The Y values of the formula, $FeO_{1+\gamma}$, that have been obtained by this means for various conditions of temperature and pressure in this range are considered to be more accurate than values obtained by methods requiring thste quenching of the sample before measurements are made. The plots of log Y vs $log PO_2$ (or $log Y =_n log PO_2$) show linearity and n calculated from the slope of the plot is about 1/10 at $1000^{\circ}C$, indicating a difference between the nonstoichiometric and oxidation mechanisms. The condition for the formation of stoichiometric FeO was determined to be $1200^{\circ}C$ under $10^{-3}mmHg$ of $O_2$ and the composition of the oxide under standard conditions was $FeO_{1.11185}$. As in general more oxygen dissolves into the oxide system at lower temperatures and higher oxygen pressures, the deviation from stoichiometric FeO is greater under those conditions. A comparison of the change in conductivity of the sample indicates that full phase transition does not take place with conductivity transition.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.12-19
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• 2022

The study was conducted to develop a vanadium recovery process using reduction pre-treatment in the Vanadium TitanoMagnetite (VTM) The sample for the research was provided by the Gwan-in Mine in Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do. The vanadium content of the sample is 0.54 V₂O₅% and vanadium is concentrated mainly in magnetite and ilmenite. Magnetic separation of the sample can increase vanadium content up to 1.10 V₂O₅%. To increase the vanadium content further, reduction pre-treatment was performed, which is a process of concentrating vanadium present in the iron by reducing iron in magnetite using carbon(C). Based on this reduction pre-treatment, the magnetic separation process was developed, which achieved a vanadium grade of 1.31V₂O₅% and 79.68% recovery. In addition, XRD analysis of the vanadium concentrate before and after reduction and the final vanadium concentrate was performed to confirm the behavior of vanadium by reduction pre-treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 1995

$CuFe_{2}O_{4}$ was accomplished by chemical rrethod and the crystallographic and magnetic properties have been studied by $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The slowly cooled sample is found to have a tetragonal spinel structure with the lattice constant $a=8.26{\pm}0.05{\AA},\;c=8.75{{\pm}}0.05{\AA}$. The $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectra between the room temperature to the Curie temperature show that the $Cu_{2+}$ ions at octahedral site have the Jahn-Teller effect and the sample exhibits a structural phase transition near 630K due to the Jahn-Teller effect. The Curie temperature is found to be 690K and it is lower than that of ceramic method.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.129-135
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• 2012

In this study, the changes in hair quality before and after Magic straight perm have been evaluated through a hair damage measurement method. For this, a healthy high school student's (age18 years) wavy hair was selected and permed on the left and right sides. Then, the changes caused by physical methods which were applied during the fl at iron-based Magic straight perm were evaluated based on the hair damage measurement method before and after the Magic straight perm. According to the protein release test after the Magic straight perm, 1.26% in average and 0.14% was observed in Cool Magic straight perm sample. In a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) test, saw teeth-shaped partial desquamation of cuticle cells and impurities were observed in the warm-treated hair sample. In atomic force microscope (AFM), line-profile is a method to represent roughness data on hair. According to analysis on 3-dimensional (3D) images, the hair with Cool Magic straight perm was lower than the hair with Warm Magic perm in terms of the color change of 3D images. In addition, vertical changes were observed in the hair with Cool Magic perm. As a result, irregular surface roughness was observed. This study proposed a method to minimize hair damage by cooling down the heat with the cool hair straightener as soon as the Warm Magic was finished.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.88-94
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• 2016

The simultaneous biodegradation between MTBE (Gasoline additives) and BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-benzene, o-Xylene, m-Xylene, p-Xylene) was achieved within a competitive inter-relationship, with not only electron accepters such as nitrate, sulfate, and iron(III) without oxygen, but also with electron donors such as MTBE and BTEX. Preexisting indigenous microorganisms from a domestic sample of gasoline contaminated soil was used for a lab-scale batch test. The result of the test showed that the biodegradation rate of MTBE decreased when there was co-existing MTBE and BTEX, compared to having just MTBE present. The growth of indigenous microorganisms was not affected in the case of the MTBE treatment, whereas the growth of the microorganisms was decreased in combined MTBE and BTEX sample. This may indicate that an inhibitor related to biodegradation when BTEX and MTBE are mixed will be found. This inhibitor may be found to retard the anaerobic conditions needed for efficient breakdown of these complex carbon chain molecules in-situ. Moreover, it is also possible that an unknown competitive reaction is being imposed on the interactions between MTBE and BTEX dependent on conditions, ratios of mixture, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.646-652
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• 2002

In this study, we selected supplementary vegetable resources to develpe nutritious supplementary model of korean formula for infants and children, purchased and analyzed it to use with a model. We also referred to an old book about Korean vegetable resources and searched a form of vegetable resources. There are a lot of vegetable resources of various kinds which lied scattered in mountains and fields of our country. As for these, a beyond compare menstruation activity component is becoming clear with a lot of things. It is thought that depth search and study of these vegetable resources and practical application to a infant and child supplemen is desirable. Therefore, we choosed vegetable resources ; a Capsella brusapastoris, a Codonopsis lanceolata, Dandelion, a wild plant, a Tractylis ovata(dried), a Tractylis ovata(native), a Pine plant, a burdock, a JanDae, a Plantain, a HollpDae, which gathered in our country, and we analyzied priximate aomposition of sample (moisture, ash, total carbohydrate, crude fat, crude protein, dietary fiber) and micronutrient contents of sample (calcium, Iron, flavonoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E).