• Title/Summary/Keyword: Iodine-131(I-131)

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Determination of Thyroid Secretion Rate in Rabbit (토끼의 갑상선 측정)

  • 이종진;윤세중
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.19-23
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    • 1960
  • A method for determination of thyroid secretion rate in rabbit by means of radioactive iodine presented. After injection of radioactive iodine, in vivo determination so f radioactivity in thyroid gland were made during a 19 day-experimental period. In the same period blood samples were drawn and analyzed for protein-bound iodine (PBI) and for protein-bound radioactive iodine(PBI181). A rate constant for secretion of thyroid hormone was calculated from the disappearance rate of radioactive iodine in thyroid gland. The secretion rate of radioactive hormone iodine was calculated by multiplying this rate constant by the amount of radioactive iodine present in thyroid gland. Assuming that the specific radioactiveness of the circulating thyroid hormone and of the hormone just secreted were identical , thyroid secretion rate was calculated by the equation. {{{{ { Secreted hormone-iodine , gamma /hr} over { Secreted hormone-I^131, % dose/hr }= { PBI, ${\gamma}$/ml.Serum} over { PBI^131 , % dose/ml . Serum } }} The method presented consisted of measurements for series of independent criteria on thyroid function, and the resulting thyroid secretion rate was calculated by combination of those.

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The Clinical Study on the Effects of $Tapazole^{(R)}\;upon\;^{131}I$ Uptake in Hyperthyroidism (갑상선(甲狀腺) 기능항진증(機能亢進症)에서 $Tapazole^{(R)}$$^{131}I$섭취율(攝取率)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 임상적(臨床的) 고찰(考察))

  • Ro, Heung-Kyu;Lee, Jung-Sang;Koh, Chang-Soon;Lee, Mun-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 1969
  • The differences in the change of the uptake rate of radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) in the thyroid gland after $Tapazole^{(R)}$ administration before $^{131}I$ treatment were analysed in 137 patients who were diagnosed as diffuse toxic goiter in the Radioisotope Clinic and Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital since Jan. 1967 to July, 1969. The uptake rate of the therapeutic dose of $^{131}I$ was changed diffusely compared with that of the trace dose in the patients who had no $Tapazole^{(R)}$ administration before $^{131}I$ treatment. In those patients who had $Tapazole^{(R)}$ more than 20 mg/day for more than one week before $^{131}I$ treatment, the uptake rate was decreased significantly. When the patients discontinued the administration of $Tapazole^{(R)}$ 7 days prior to $^{131}I$ treatment, the uptake rate was increased in all cases.

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Percutaneous Intranodular Injection Therapy of Radioactive Iodine-131 in Treatment of Benign Thyroid Nodules: A Preliminary Study (방사선 요오드-131의 국소주입에 의한 양성 갑상선 결절의 치료)

  • Ha Il-Joo;Lim Dong-Pyo;Yoon Jung-Han;JaeGal Young-Jong;Boom Hee-Seoung
    • Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.174-178
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    • 2001
  • Background and Objective: Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy has been used in the treatment of the benign thyroid diseases. Although the reported side-effects of the therapy was mild and transient, some side-effects including local or radiating pain are troublesome to the patients. Radioactive iodine-131($Ra-^{131}I$) also has been effectively and safely used for management of the benign thyroid diseases. So we developed the percutaneous intranodular injection therapy of $Ra-^{131}I$ as an alternative of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy. Materials and Methods: From December 1998 to October 1999, we treated 29 outpatients (25 women and 4 men, mean age: $47{\pm}12$ years). Inclusion criteria were follows; age >30 years, cytologically benign, with normal thyroid function, cold nodule on thyroid scintigram, solid or mixed natured nodules in sonographical evaluation. Nodular volume was estimated by sonography according to the ellipsoid formula. $Ra-^{131}I$(0.1mCi/ml) was administered in a single dose injection. Follow-up studies every 3 months consisted of full history, thyroid function test, and sonography. We determined the therapeutic response is effective if the volume reduction of the nodule occurred above 30%. Results: After at least 3 months follow-up, 11 patients showed effective response, 12 patients showed minimal or unchanged response and 6 patients showed progression. Although side-effects such as injection pain, febrile reaction, and hormonal changes were absent, an infectious complication in injection site was developed from 1 case. Conclusion: Although we need a more prolonged follow-up to evaluate the delayed sequelae, we can suggest that percutaneous intranodular injection therapy of $Ra-^{131}I$ may be an attractive non-surgical treatment in selected cases of benign thyroid nodules.

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Analysis of Diffuse Hepatic Visualization after Iodine-131 Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma (갑상선암 환자에서 전절제술 후 I-131 치료에서 미만성 간침착 정도의 분석)

  • Jung Jin-Hyung;Bae Keum-Seok;Kang Seong-Joon
    • Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.206-211
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    • 2000
  • Objectives: Any uptake of I-131 after total thyroidectomy means the remant thyroid tissue or distant metastasis of the thyroid cancer. However diffuse hepatic uptake of I-131 without abnormal uptake was showen in many cases on I-131 whole body scan. The aim of this study was to classify the liver uptake after I-131 scan and to evaluate the analysis of this finding. Materials and Methods: Between 1982 and 1998, 104 patients(l4 males, 90 females) with normal liver function underwent I-131 scan after total thyroidectomy. Prospectively we reviewed the films of the whole body scan and analysed the correlations between results of radioiodine uptake, pathologic diagnosis, prognostic factors, lymphatic metastasis, and thyroid function test. Result: Diffuse hepatic uptake was found in 44 of 104(42%) patients. 10 of 39(26%) patients on I-131 100mCi, and 34 of 63(54%) on I-131 150mCi showed hepatic uptake. 52 of 104(50%) patients was locally invasive thyroid cancer. The rate of the hepatic uptake was no significant differences with the thyroid hormone levels(T3, Free T4) and thyroglobulin between uptake group and non-uptake group. Conclusion: The rate of I-131 uptake was high in high-dose radioiodine treatment group. However, we can not find any correlation among the thyroid functions, the extent of metastasis or the extent of local invasion. We need further study to find out the causes of the hepatic uptake of I-131 after total thyroidectomy, besides liver metabolism of I-131 attached thyroid hormones.

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Therapeutic Feasibility Study and Clinical Trial of Intrahepatic $I^{-131}-Lipiodol$ on Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma ($Lipiodol-I^{-131}$의 경간동맥 주입에 의한 간암치료의 가능성에 관한 연구)

  • Yoo, Hyung-Sik;Suh, Jung-Ho;Lee, Jong-Tae;Kim, Dong-Ik;Park, Chang-Yun;Kim, Byung-Soo;Park, Chan-H.;Thakur, M.
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.61-71
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    • 1986
  • An iodized oil such as Ethiodol or Lipiodol was selectively retained in the tumor vessels of the large hepatomas as well as in the small daughter hepatomas for long periods following the intra-arterial hepatic injection of such contrast material. The specific aim of the study is to deliver a high internal radiation dose to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in an attempt to control the disease. We were able to replace a small fraction of the stable iodine (I-127) of the 37% iodine in Lipiodol by the $I^{-131}$ with 100% exchange efficiency. $I^{-131}$ labeled Lipiodol was injected through the super-selected tumor feeding artery under superselection or into the proper hepatic arterial level of patients who have malignant hepatomas confirmed by aspiration cytology serum AFP and various imaging modalities. Clinical traial was performed on 43 cases during recent 6 months and follow-up observation was carried out. No severe complications or other adverse reactions were encountered until nowdays. $I^{-131}-Lipiodol$ was stable in vivo and no significant activity was noted in the thyroid, stomach, blood and urine after the injection. Only small fraction of radioisotope activity was noticed in the both side of lungs. Tumor to normal liver radio was very high. Therefore, $I^{-131}-Lipiodol$ (or P-32-Lipiodol) will be effective delivering high internal radiation dose to the tumor while delivering small radiation doses to normal tissues. Labeling, tumor dose calculation and preliminary findings will be presented.

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A Case Study about Counting Uncertainty of Radioactive Iodine (131I) in Public Waters by Using Gamma Spectrometry (감마분광분석을 이용한 환경 중 방사성요오드(131I)의 측정 불확도에 관한 사례 연구)

  • Cho, Yoonhae;Seol, Bitna;Min, Kyoung Ok;Kim, Wan Suk;Lee, Junbae;Lee, Soohyung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.42-46
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    • 2016
  • The radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) presents in the environment through the excrete process of nuclear medicine patients. In the detecting of low level of $^{131}I$ in the public water, the counting uncertainty has an effect on the accuracy and reliability of detecting $^{131}I$ radioactivity concentration. In this study, the contribution of sample amount, radioactivity concentration and counting time to the uncertainty was investigated in the case of public water sample. Sampling points are public water and the effluents of a sewage treatment plant at Sapkyocheon stream, Geumgang river. In each point, 1, 10 and 20 L of liquid samples were collected and prepared by evaporation method. The HPGe (High Purity Germanium) detector was used to detect and analyze emitted gamma-ray from samples. The radioactivity concentration of $^{131}I$ were in the range of 0.03 to 1.8 Bq/L. The comparison of the counting uncertainty of the sample amount, 1 L sample is unable to verify the existence of the $^{131}I$ under 0.5 Bq/L radioactivity concentration. Considering the short half-life of $^{131}I$ (8.03 days), a method for measuring 1 L sample was used. However comparing the detecting and preparing time of 1, 10 L respectively, detecting 10 L sample would be an appropriate method to distinguish $^{131}I$ concentration in the public water.

False-positive I-131 Scan by Contaminated Muffler in a Patient with Thyroid Carcinoma (갑상선암 환자에서 방사성 옥소로 오염된 목도리에 의한 위양성 소견)

  • Seo, Han-Kyung;Kim, Min-Woo;Jeong, Hwan-Jeong;Sohn, Myung-Hee
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.51-52
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    • 2006
  • A 39-year-old female patient who had undergone a total thyroidectomy for a papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent a whole body scan with I-131. The I-131 scan was performed 72 hours after administering 185 MBq (5 mCi) of an I-131 solution. The anterior image of the head, neck, and upper chest showed multiple areas of increased uptake in the mediastinal area considering of functional metastasis. However, radioactivity was not evident in the image taken after removing her clothes and muffler. The image obtained after placing the muffler on the pallet showed that the radioactivity was still present. It is well known that artifacts on an I-131 scan can be produced by styling hair sputum, drooling during sleep, chewing gum, and paper or a cloth handkerchief that is contaminated with the radioactive iodine from either perspiration or saliva. This activity might be mistaken for a functional metastasis. Therefore, it is essential that an image be obtained after removing the patient's clothes. In this study, artifacts due to a contaminated muffler on the I-131 scan were found. These mimicked a functional metastasis of the mediastinal area in a patient with a papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Medical Therapeutic Effect of Hyperthyroidism - Comparison of antithyroid therapy and $^{131}I$ Therapy - (갑상선기능항진증(甲狀腺機能亢進症)의 내과적(內科的) 치료효과(治療效果) - 방사성동위원소(放射性同位元素) ($^{131}I$)치료(治療)와 항갑상선제(抗甲狀腺劑) 치료(治療)의 비교검토(比較檢討) -)

  • Lee, Kyu-Bo
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.35-40
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    • 1980
  • In order to compare the therapeutic effect as well as side effects between antithyroid therapy and radioiodine therapy in hyperthyroidism, the author evaluated 111 cases of hyperthyroidism which were composed of 57 patients with antithyroid treatment, 23 patients with combined treatment comprising of antithyroid and radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) and 31 patients with treatment of $^{131}I$ alone. The $^{131}I$ treatment was limited to older age, above 20 years of age, and not employed in patients with pregnancy and lactation. The patients treated with antithyroid belonged to relatively younger age, and also milder in symptoms and thyroid function tests. The remission rate of antithyroid therapy group was 97.8% within 16 months. Among them the early remission rate occured within 4 months was found to be 21.7%. The combined therapy group, having prescribed more severe cases, showed the remission rate to be 75% within 16 months. The remission rate of $^{131}I$ therapy group revealed 90.9% within 16 months. Among them the early remission rate taking place within 4 months disclosed 16.7%. The side effects of antithyroid drug, propylthiouracil, were noted as follows: itching (2.7%) skin rashes (1.3%), and adverse enlargement of goiter (10.7%). The side effects $^{131}I$ therapy were transient hypothyroidism(3.9%) permanent hypothyroidism (7.8%) and itching (2.0%).

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The Analysis of radioactivity Concentration in drainage when using a radioactive Iodine (방사성옥소 사용 시 배수 중 방사능농도 분석)

  • Lee, Kyung-Jae;Sul, Jin-Hyung;Park, Young-Jae;Lee, In-Won
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.28-34
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    • 2018
  • Purpose With regard to the use of radioiodine in domestic medical institution, the case of exceeding the allowance of nuclear safety Act about radioactive concentration in drainage was found. Through understanding the cause of exceeding case and analyzing radioactive concentration in drainage, evaluating the relationship of the public waters in surroundings and usefulness. Materials and Methods From November 1, 2014 to April 30th, 2015, the research is aiming at domestic twenty hospitals for six months. By using a HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer(Canberra DSA-1000) and GENIE-2000 Analysis software for comparative analysis, measuring a radioactive concentration of radioiodine in drainage. Consequently, we confirm the excess of radioactive concentration of radioiodine in seven medical institutions. Results Conducting a survey of twenty hospitals and average radioactive concentration of radioiodine in drainage appears $42,100Bq/m^3$. The features of domestic hospitals where show a high radioactive concentration are a number of medical treatment patient when using radioactive iodine and the absence of private rest room. During I-131 whole body scan, the pretreatment procedure of urinating is considered emission of residual Iodine. In public waters, the cause of exceeding detect on radioactive concentration in drainage suppose a diagnostic radioactive iodine. Conclusion We confirm the importance of enhanced education, providing a safety control instructions and installing a private rest rooms for patients who injected a low capacity radioiodine. Also, constructing institutional and legal management system is considered about the Emission management standard in drainage.

Histopathological Studies of Mice after Administration of Radioactive Iodine($^{131}I$) (방사성동위원소옥소(放射性同位元素沃素)($^{131}I$)가 "마우스"의 주요장기(主要臟器)의 병리조직상(病理組織像)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Ro, Chae-Song;Lee, Mun-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.85-97
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    • 1967
  • Histopathological changes of various organs of the mice after intra-peritoneal injections of radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) were experimentally observed. Sixity healthy female mice, weighing average 25 gm, devided into 6 groups, were used. The various doses of $^{131}I$ were injected intraperitoneally at different intervals. The histopathological changes after these treatments were observed in organs such as thyroids, parathyroids, livers, kidneys and gonads. Following were the results; 1) Thyroid: In the group A given $^{131}I$ with a single dose of $10{\mu}C$ per gm body weight, it was observed that the protoplasms of follicular epithelial cells were destroyed, the nuclei were expanded or dissoluted, showing pyknotic changes of nuclei and vacuolizations of protoplasms. In the group B given $^{131}I$ with a single dose of $5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight, hyperemias, hemorrhages and hyaline degenerations in the whole area were observed. In the group C given $^{131}I$ with 3 doses of $2.5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight every week, the thyroid parenchyms were destroyed and epithelial cells of varing size were observed in the fibrinous tissues. In the group D given $^{131}I$ with 6 doses of $0.5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight every week, some destroyed follicles and new borne follicles were observed. But the histopathological changes resemble the follicles of the normal thyroid gland. In the group E and F given $^{131}I$ with 8 and 10 doses of $0.2{\mu}C\;and\;0.01{\mu}C$ for each group per gm body weight every two days, both pyknotic changes of nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolizations of the follicular epithelia, hypertrophies of follicles and abnormal irregular follicular structures were observed, and in the group F, lymphocytes appeared around the thyroid glands. 2) Parathyroid: In the group A, hyperemia, proliferations of connective tissues, karyorrhexes and vacuolizations were observed. In other experimental groups, no particular pathological change was observed. 3) Liver: The degnerative changes and acute or chronic inflammatory changes were observed in proportion to the amount of $^{131}I$ injected. Atrophies of the liver cells, dilatations of sinusoids, hyaline degenerations and necrotic pictures were observed. 4) Kidney: In the group A, congestions and infiltrations of mononuclear cells and granulocytes were observed around the cortical arteries, and in the group B, the degenerative changes of cortexes, and, in the group C and D, hydronephrotic changes were observed respectively, and hyaline degenerations were partially observed. 5) Gonad: In the group A, the follicles were degenerated. The ova in the follicles showed irregular figures. The changes in the group B were almost the same as in the group A, but the changes were mild. In the group C, the destructions of whole ova, the hypertrophies of ovarian follicular membranes and pyknotic changes of nuclei were observed. In the group D, the pathological changes were similar to that of group C, but mild in the grade. In the group E, almost none of ovarian follicular fluid was observed, and in the group F, the tissue pictures were almost similar to that of the normal group.

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