• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1361-1384
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• 2018

Recently, Cyber Physical System (CPS) is one of the core technologies for realizing Internet of Things (IoT). The CPS is a new paradigm that seeks to converge the physical and cyber worlds in which we live. However, the CPS suffers from certain CPS issues that could directly threaten our lives, while the CPS environment, including its various layers, is related to on-the-spot threats, making it necessary to study CPS security. Therefore, a survey-based in-depth understanding of the vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks is required of CPS security and privacy for IoT. In this paper, we analyze security issues, threats, and solutions for IoT-CPS, and evaluate the existing researches. The CPS raises a number challenges through current security markets and security issues. The study also addresses the CPS vulnerabilities and attacks and derives challenges. Finally, we recommend solutions for each system of CPS security threats, and discuss ways of resolving potential future issues.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.92-101
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• 2015

미래 전장은 정보 지식 기반의 첨단 전력체계를 확충하기 위해 향후 전력구조를 통합, 지휘통제통신(C4I) 체계와 생존성과 통합성이 향상된 전장의 네트워크중심전(NCW) 수행능력을 향상시킬 것이다. 사이버물리시스템(Cyber-Physical Systems: CPS)은 함정전투체계에 적용되고 있는 DDS를 포함하여 국방 M&S의 근간인 Live, Virture, Constructive(L-V-C) 체계의 큰 축을 형성하고 있다. 사물인터넷(Internet of Things: IoT) 기술은 센서네트워크, 통신, Radio Frequency Identification(RFID), Ubiquitous Sensor Network(USN), Machine to Machine(M2M), D2D 기술 및 상황인지, 지능서비스를 위한 정보수집/가공/융합/분석/예측기술을 포괄적으로 포함한 기술로서 미래산업을 이끌어 갈 차세대 선도 기술이며, 특히 군사적으로도 감시정찰 센서네트워크(USN), 견마형로봇, 경전투로봇과 무인기 기술 및 전술정보통신망체계(TICN) 등 첨단 통신네트워크 기술의 전력화 추세는 IoT 기술의 적용영역을 넓혀주고 있다. 감시정찰체계(Sensor)에서는 감시정찰 분야 영상정보 처리, 표적탐지 등과 관련된 IoT 기술 소요와 지휘통제통신(C4I) 체계의 상호운용성, 데이터링크, 지능형 통신체계 등 C4I 관련 IoT 기술 소요 및 타격체계(Shooter)의 내장형 SW 등 유 무인 무기체계 관련 IoT 기술의 소요가 증대될 것으로 예상된다. 본고는 CPS 및 IoT 기술의 군사적 활용방안 및 획득전략에 대한 적용기술 및 발전방향을 살펴본다.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.23-28
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• 2016

생산가능 인구의 감소 등으로 국내 제조업은 더는 양적 투입 위주의 성장이 유효하지 않은 상황이다. 중국 등 개발도상국이 값싼 노동력으로 뒤에서 추격 중이며, 선진국은 제조업 르네상스를 통해 우리나라보다 제조혁신 분야에서 앞서 나가고 있어 샌드위치 상태에서 위기를 맞이하고 있다. 이러한 상황을 타파하기 위해 제조혁신 분야의 국내 집중 투자가 시급하며, 이를 위해 CPS 및 IoT 기술과 제조업의 접목은 필수적이다. 따라서, 본고에서는 국내 제조혁신 분야의 현재 상황을 되짚어 보고, 제조혁신을 위해 중요한 CPS 및 IoT 기술동향과 기대효과를 알아본다. 또한, 해외 우수 사례를 통해 제조혁신을 위한 우리나라가 나아갈 길에 대해 알아본다.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.745-758
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• 2018

A wide range of studies in various disciplines has focused on the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems (CPS). However, it is necessary to summarize the current status and to establish future directions because each study has its own individual goals independent of the completion of all IoT applications. The absence of a comprehensive understanding of IoT and CPS has disrupted an efficient resource allocation. To assess changes in the knowledge structure and emerging technologies, this study explores the dynamic research trends in IoT by analyzing bibliographic data. We retrieved 54,237 keywords in 12,600 IoT studies from the Scopus database, and conducted keyword frequency, co-occurrence, and growth-rate analyses. The analysis results reveal how IoT technologies have been developed and how they are connected to each other. We also show that such technologies have diverged and converged simultaneously, and that the emerging keywords of trust, smart home, cloud, authentication, context-aware, and big data have been extracted. We also unveil that the CPS is directly involved in network, security, management, cloud, big data, system, industry, architecture, and the Internet.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

The role of Internet of Things (IoT) has been evolving from connectivity to intelligent and autonomous functions. The increase in the number of connected things and the volume of data has revealed the limit of cloud-based intelligent IoT. Meanwhile, the development of microprocessors for the IoT has enabled their intelligent decision making and reactions without the intervention of the cloud; this phase is referred to as the "autonomous IoT era." However, intelligence is not the only function of the IoT. When a cyber physical system (CPS) is running on the cloud, the real-time synchronization between the real and virtual worlds cannot be guaranteed. If a CPS is running on the IoT, both the worlds can be synchronized closely enough for a zero- time gap, i.e., achieving the goals of autonomous IoT. ETRI implements intelligence into the role of IoT and collaborates their decision making and reactions without the intervention of humans. Then, we focus on the development of a new IoT computing paradigm that enables human-like discussions.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.41-56
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• 2019

Cloud manufacturing is a new concept of manufacturing process that works like a single factory with connected multiple factories. The cloud manufacturing system is a kind of large-scale CPS that produces products through the collaboration of distributed manufacturing facilities based on technologies such as cloud computing, IoT, and virtualization. It utilizes diverse and distributed facilities based on centralized information systems, which allows flexible composition user-centric and service-oriented large-scale systems. However, the cloud manufacturing system is composed of a large number of highly heterogeneous subsystems. It has difficulties in interconnection, data exchange, information processing, and system verification for system construction. In this paper, we derive the user requirements of various aspects of the cloud manufacturing system, such as functional, human, trustworthiness, timing, data and composition, based on the CPS Framework, which is the analysis methodology for CPS. Next, by analyzing the user requirements we define the system requirements including scalability, composability, interactivity, dependability, timing, interoperability and intelligence. We map the defined CPS system requirements to the requirements of oneM2M, which is the platform standard for IoT, so that the support of the system requirements at the level of the IoT platform is verified through Mobius, which is the implementation of oneM2M standard. Analyzing the verification result, finally, we propose a large-scale cloud manufacturing platform based on oneM2M that can meet the cloud manufacturing requirements to support the overall features of the Cloud Manufacturing CPS with dependability.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.16-22
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• 2019

ICT 기술을 이용하여 업무 공정의 효율성을 높이기 위한 사이버물리시스템(CPS)은 구성요소 간 연결성 강화로 인한 사이버 공격 요인이 증가하고 있으며, 이에 따른 보안대책 수립이 CPS 구축 단계에서부터 고려되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 CPS를 위한 보안대책의 온전한 수립을 위한 국제표준 동향을 ITU-T SG17의 표준화 활동을 중심을 살펴보고자 한다. ITU-T SG17에서 진행되고 있는 IoT 보안 표준, 스마트그리드 보안 표준, ITS 보안 표준 등 CPS 관련 보안 표준화 동향을 기술하고, 향후 표준화 추진 방향에 대해서도 다룬다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1516-1539
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• 2022

This article shows a set of physical information fusion IoT systems that we designed for smart buildings. Its essence is a computer system that combines physical quantities in buildings with quantitative analysis and control. In the part of the Internet of Things, its mechanism is controlled by a monitoring system based on sensor networks and computer-based algorithms. Based on the design idea of the agent, we have realized human-machine interaction (HMI) and machine-machine interaction (MMI). Among them, HMI is realized through human-machine interaction, while MMI is realized through embedded computing, sensors, controllers, and execution. Device and wireless communication network. This article mainly focuses on the function of wireless sensor networks and MMI in environmental monitoring. This function plays a fundamental role in building security, environmental control, HVAC, and other smart building control systems. The article not only discusses various network applications and their implementation based on agent design but also demonstrates our collaborative information fusion strategy. This strategy can provide a stable incentive method for the system through collaborative information fusion when the sensor system is unstable in the physical measurements, thereby preventing system jitter and unstable response caused by uncertain disturbances and environmental factors. This article also gives the results of the system test. The results show that through the CPS interaction of HMI and MMI, the intelligent building IoT system can achieve comprehensive monitoring, thereby providing support and expansion for advanced automation management.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.72-81
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• 2014

최근 CPS(Cyber-Physical Systems)는 IoT(Internet of Things), 빅데이터 기술과 함께 미래 전력산업의 핵심 키워드로 등장하고 있다. CPS는 산업의 중심이 하드웨어에서 소프트웨어로 빠르게 전환하고 있는 현시점에서 기존의 물리시스템 혹은 물리프로세스를 효율적이고 안전하며 지능적으로 만들고 운영하기 위한 기술이다. 지난 2007년 미국을 중심으로 기술개발이 시작된 이래 다시금 새로운 전환기를 맞이하고 있다. 미국은 지난 2013년 제 2기 PIF(Presidential Innovation Fellow)의 주도로 SmartAmerica Challenge라는 이름으로 새로운 가치와 일자리 창출을 위한 국민생활 밀착형 대규모 CPS 융합 프로그램을 추진 중이다. 이를 통해 미국은 학술적이고 이론적인 CPS R&D 전략으로부터 보다 현실적으로 국부를 창출할 수 있는 개방형 R&BD형의 CPS 기술발전을 모색하고 있다. 본고에서는 CPS의 태동 배경으로부터 최근 SmartAmerica Challenge에 이르는 전반적인 CPS 기술동향을 조망하고 향후 우리의 나아갈 바를 제언하는 것으로 글을 맺고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2015

Warehouse Management System (WMS) is a key control for Material Handling System (MHS) and Inventory Control System (ICS). How to design and implement for WMS is crucial factor for achieving the key performance index for Manufacturing Industry. In particular, iron and steel making industry, where the volume and weight is large and hence FIFO (First Input First Out) is not working, how to design WMS is a key factor. In this paper, we systematically define the problem of WMS via developing StR (Stakeholders' Requirements) or ORD (Operational Requirement Documents), SyR (System Requirement), and SA (System Architecture) based on the emerging technologies. In particular, IoT (Internet of Things), CPS (Cyber Physical System) concepts and enabling technologies haves been incorporated in developing Smart WMS. The deliverables of the research can provide a conceptual framework for developing the next generation industrial WMS.