• 한국항해학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1999

Ship system can be divided into four sub-systems: hull, propeller, main engine and operation system which severely affect the characteristics of a ship. In determining ship speed in waves, two factors are considered the involuntary speed loss due to added resistance caused by wind and waves, and the voluntary speed loss by command of operation system to prevent severe ship motions. In this paper, the main function of four sub-system is analyzed for input/output relations and propulsive coefficient and a useful method to predict involuntary speed loss of a ship is presented. Two calculated examples for a high speed container ship and a passenger ship with single screw and diesel engine are given.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2018

This report describes the miniscalpel-acupuncture treatment of a 68-yr-old woman who had abnormal posture and involuntary dystonic movements of the head and neck. She suffered muscle contracture associated symptoms after she fell injured in 2014. Her neck had abnormal posture findings due to muscle tension. The spasms gradually worsened and did not respond to botulinum toxin injections. Involuntary dystonic movements may be due to peripheral post-traumatic cervical dystonia. Outcomes support cervical dystonia may be managed effectively with miniscalpel-acupuncture. Further research is recommended.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2000

To elucidate pressure pain threshold of pericranial muscle due to involuntary. the effect of 30 min or forward head position(FHP) was studied in 20 patients with episodic tension-type headache and in 20 control without headache. Pressure pain thresholds were recorded before and after the FHP. and evaluated by pressure algometry. Thresholds increased in the patients and control after FHP. Relation between thresholds in patients anf control before FHP were not significant differences, but thresholds increased in patients after FHP. So, involutary muscle contraction due to FHP may be effect pressure pain threshold or pericranial muscle.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.171-195
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• 2003

Providers for the commercial web sites are seriously competing for attraction and retention of customers. However, customer loyalty in the on-line business could be determined by factors different from those in the off-line business. In this paper, determinants for the customer loyalty in the on-line business are analyzed as two parts. The first part includes determinants that foster voluntary customer loyalty, such as satisfaction, self-involvement, and positive characteristics of Internet. The second part includes determinants that foster involuntary customer loyalty, such as switching barrier and bonds. Through the empirical study of 399 survey of Korean Internet users, both voluntary and involuntary factors contributing to the customer loyalty were found. Also, relationship between the positive characteristics of Internet and customer loyalty were found. The understanding of the determinants of customer loyalty will be an important information developing a winning strategy in the on-line business.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2005

Passive smoking is the involuntary inhalation of tobacco smoke by a person, especially a non-smoker, who occupies and area with smokers or a smoker. Passive smoking may cause eye and nose irritation, sore throat, headache, cough to everyone, and it is known that non-smokers have the same kinds of illness with smokers. Smoking rate among the adults aged over 20 in Korea is higher than that of the US or European conturies. Therefore we suppose that Koreans may be exposured to passive smoking than the people of other conturies. It is necessary that people have the knowledge on the heath problems caused by passive smoking and on prevention from the involuntary inhalation of tobacco smoke. I propose that the smokers should be informed the importance of smoking cessation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.776-783
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• 2006

Tremor is a rhythmic and involuntary muscular contraction characterized by oscillations of a part of the body. The most common of all involuntary movements, tremor can affect various body parts such as hands, head, facial structures, vocal cords, trunk, and legs; most tremors, however, occur in the hands. Clinically, tremor is classified into postural tremor, resting tremor, action tremor, and other kinds of tremor, and treated according to the causes. The author reports the improvement of the patient, hospitalized at Dong Seo Medical Center, whose tremor was not classified specifically in western medicine but was diagnosed as Ganhyeolbujok (肝血不足) by Korean medicine.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2007

Xu-lao(虛勞) is deficient disease which is weak body and spirit. It occurs many symptoms, for example lack of appetite, dizziness, involuntary emission of semen, wet dream, back and chest pain, night sweat, cough and so on. In oriental medicine, xu-lao(虛勞) is well-known disease and can be treated easily. In general, xu-lao (虛勞) patiences like to be treated by oriental medical doctors. In spite of improving food, house and clothes, xu-lao(虛勞) is on the increase by fatty foods and stress. In most of these cases, the cooperations of heart and kidney are hurted. On Fang-you-ge-bian(脈證方藥合編) which is the famous prescription book in Korea, gu-an-xin-shen-wan(古庵心腎丸) and Jiu-yuan-xin-shen-wan(究原心腎丸) are used well and have good effects in these cases. Gu-an-xin-shen-wan(古庵心腎丸) can treat white hair, palpitation, involuntary emission of semen, amblyopia, buzzing in the ears, backache and so on. Jiu-yuan-xin-shen-wan(究原心腎丸) can treat lack of appetite, dizziness, involuntary emission of semen, wet dream, back and chest pain, diseased sweat, cough, coldness of hands and feet, and so on. The symptoms of Gu-an-xin-shen-wan(古庵心腎丸) are similar with those of Jiu-yuan-xin-shen-wan(究原心腎丸). But, it is very important that Gu-an-xin-shen-wan(古庵心腎丸) can be used in cases of hot deficient disease but Jiu-yuan-xin-shen-wan(究原心腎丸) can be used in cases of cold deficient disease.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2024

Objectives: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX), a powerful neurotoxin, can be an effective treatment choice for diverse muscular disorders and can reduce abnormal muscle activities. Abnormal movements of the mandible can be caused by involuntary and uncontrolled contractions of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LP) in various pathological situations. Previous reports have shown that BTX can reduce abnormal contractions of the LP. However, needle placement into the LP for BTX injection requires skill, experience, and sufficient anatomical knowledge. To place the needle precisely into the LP, ultrasonography (USG) can be used as an effective needle-guidance modality. USG is a non-invasive imaging modality able to create real-time images without any potential risks, including radiation exposure. Patients and Methods: The patients who had been performed USG-guided BTX injection into the LP using an intraoral approach were included in this study with a literature review and case presentations. Using the USG, four patients received BTX injections to treat recurrent temporomandibular dislocation and oromandibular dystonia resulting from involuntary LP activity. Result: Involuntary movements of the mandible were improved successfully in all patients, and showed satisfactory results without significant complication. Conclusion: The intraoral approach could prevent potential complications during needle placement. USG-guided BTX injection is an effective, convenient, and safe method that provides real-time imaging without unnecessary pain to the patient.

• 의료법학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.55-84
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• 2015

일반적으로 결핵은 기침, 대화, 노래 부르기와 같은 일상적인 생활에서 전파되는데, 전염성 결핵 환자는 1년 동안 10명 이상의 사람을 감염시킨다고 한다. 우리 사회로부터 결핵을 퇴치하기 위해서는 전염원이 되고 있는 결핵 환자에 대한 치료와 관리가 필수적이며, 의료진의 치료 지시에 불응하는 환자는 본인의 건강과 공중 보건 측면에서 큰 문제가 된다. 일차적으로는 결핵균을 외부로 배출하는 결핵 감염 환자가 문제이지만, 이차적으로는 치료에 의하여 감염성이 일시적으로 없어진 경우라도, 지속적인 치료를 받지 않으면, 예컨대 결핵 약을 복용하지 않으면 결핵이 재발할 가능성이 높은 결핵 환자라면, 치료 불응이 개인과 공중보건에 잠재적 위험이 될 수 있다. 결핵 환자가 의료진의 치료 지시 또는 권유에 불응한다면, 의료적 조치는 공적인 강제력과 결합하게 된다. 결핵은 환자 개인의 문제가 아니라 공중보건에 위해를 일으키는 감염병이기 때문에, 환자의 치료 거부권은 공공복리를 위한 기본권 제한 사유(헌법 제37조 제2항)가 되는 것이다. 다만 환자에 대하여 강제력을 부가하는 경우에도, 시행하고자 하는 강제의 방법에 따라 기본권의 제한의 정도가 다를 수 있다. 일반적으로 강제 구금과 같은 신체의 자유에 대한 강한 제한을 시행하기 이전에, 약한 정도의 제한이 가해지는 직접복약확인치료(Directly Observed Therapy, DOT)와 같이 환자가 자신이 약을 복용하는 것을 약속하고, 직접 의료진이 확인함으로써, 치료 순응도를 확인하고 환자의 자유를 좀 더 보장하는 것이 강제 구금과 같은 강한 기본권 제한 방법보다 좋을 것이라는 점은 일응 타당하다. DOT 치료에 대하여 순응하지 않거나, 기존에 환자가 보여 주었던 태도에 비추어 치료에 불순응할 것으로 강하게 예측되는 경우라면, 의료진은 환자를 강제 구금하고 치료하는 방법을 취하게 될 것이다. 우리나라의 결핵 예방법은 강제 구금과 관련하여, 두 단계의 명령 제도를 가지고 있는데, 첫째는 입원명령제도(결핵예방법 제15조)이고, 둘째는 격리명령제도(결핵명령법 제15조의2)이다. 본 논문에서는 강제 구금 명령에서 가장 기본권 제한의 정도가 심한 격리 명령을 분석하는 것인데, 이를 위하여 입원명령과 격리 명령의 차이점을 살펴보고, 이를 통하여 치료 불순응 결핵 환자에 대한 강제 조치로서 격리 명령 제도의 실행 방안과 실행에 있어서 법적 한계를 다루고자 하는 것이다.

• 정보화정책
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.46-66
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 공공행정 정보시스템을 대상으로 정보시스템 내재화의 영향요인을 살펴보고, 정보시스템 내재화가 업무성과에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 이를 위해 개인의 동기를 설명하는 자기결정이론을 토대로 정보시스템 내재화의 영향요인을 자발적, 비자발적 동기로 구분한다. 자발적 동기요인으로는 성과기대, 개인혁신성, 조직시민행동을, 비자발적 동기요인으로는 정부의 영향, 경쟁조직의 영향, 최고관리자의 영향을 제시하였다. 분석결과, 자발적 동기요인인 성과기대, 개인혁신성, 조직시민행동은 정보시스템의 내재화에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 비자발적 동기요인을 구성하는 정부의 영향, 경쟁조직의 영향, 최고관리자의 영향은 모두 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 정보시스템의 내재화와 업무성과 간의 관계는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 공공행정 정보시스템과 같이 비자발적 사용 환경에서는 정보시스템 사용여부를 개인이 결정할 수는 없지만, 의무적 사용수준을 넘어선 적극적 활용은 개인의 자율성과 관련된 요인들이 중요한 역할을 수행하는 것으로 분석되었다.