• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2015

We investigated the effects of dietary pearlzyme (mudflat-bacteria origin protease) on growth performance and development of digestive organs in broilers. Two hundred forty, 4 day-old female Ross broiler chicks were divided into 2 groups (control vs. pearlzyme) which were randomly housed in 8 pens with 15 chicks/pen. They were fed one of two diets containing pearlzyme at 0 or 0.1% for 4 weeks. Dietary pearlzyme resulted in significant increase in body weight during the first week of the experiment (p<0.05). With age, weight gain and feed efficiency continued to decrease reaching significant level during the last week. Mortality was 3.3% in control but not in pearlzyme during the entire period of the experiment. Dietary pearlzyme resulted in increased weight (p<0.05) in the ceca and rectum, and increased length in the ceca (p<0.05). However, there were tendencies to increase the weight of the gizzard (p<0.071) but to decrease the length of the small intestine (p<0.068). The results of the current study show that dietary pearlzyme affects weight gain and the development of digestive organs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1995

Neodiplostomum seoulensis, one of the human intestinal trematodes , was reinfected to albino rats, and worm recovery rates, histopathology and activity changes of the intestinal brush border membrane bound enzymes were observed. The experimental groups were three: uninfected, primary infection and reinfection. The worm recovery rate in the reinfection group was much lower than in the primary infection group 14 days after infection. The duodenal histopathology showed villous atrophy during the first and second week in the primary infection group. In the reinfection group, however. villous changes occurred as early as 3 days after the infection, and the lesion was found healed 7 days after infection. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and sucrase in the duodenum of primary infection rats decreased nearly half of the controls 2 weeks after infection, whereas the activities were unchanged in the reinfection group. However, no changes in the activities were observed in the proximal jejunum between the experimental groups. These findings suggested that a secondary infection of N. seouLensis in rats should make less damage on the intestinal mucosa than a primary infection. Key words: Neoniplostomum seoulensis, albino rats, reinfection, worm recovery, histopathology, brush border membrane bound enxyines.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.605-608
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• 1992

This paper dealt with the clinical and pathological observations on the experimental rabbit viral hepatitis. Rabbits with 2-14 months of ages were intramuscularly inoculated with virus suspension. The results were summarized as follows. Ninety percents of experimental rabbits inoculated with virus died within 96 hours postinoculation. Common clinical signs were inappetence, increase in body temperature, depression, mild diarrhea and in three cases, bloody foam from nostrils was recognized. At necropsy, in most of the experimental cases, there were hyperemia or haemorrhages in many organs and pale liver. Intestinal catarrh and retention of turbid urine in urinary bladder were seen in some cases. Histopathologically, liver necrosis was found in all the cases died of this disease. However, there was a difference in the severity of hepatic necrosis. Haemorrhages were Iecognized in lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and thymus, in order. Liver necrosis was marked even in the cases with no haemorrhage. Perivascular cuffing in brain and catarrhal enteritis in small intestine were seen in many cases. From these results, consistent and primary lesion in this viral disease is hepatitis in susceptible rabbits. It was concluded that rabbit hepatitis virus might have the properties of hepatotropism and consequently induce peripheral necrosis in the liver leading to acute viremia with haemorrhages.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1996

The biliary excretion kinetics of the active folate derivatives were examined after an intravenous injection of methotrexate at doses of 0.3 and 10mg/kg to clarify the mechanism of the acute decrease in the plasma folate by the dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Even at a higher dose than used in the clinical therapy, methotrexate did not cause any acute depletion of folate denvatives in the excreted bile. Therefore, the decrease in the plasma folate appeared not to be related with the biliary excretion process of folates. A factor responsible for the plasma folate depletion by DHFR inhibitors may be due to the malabsorption of folate derivatives excreted into the small intestine.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 1993

In order to evaluate the scintigraphic features of choledochal cyst and these diagnostic value, authors investigated the findings of fourteen patients with choledochal cyst undergone hepatobiliary scan with $^{99m}Tc$-DISIDA before surgery. Five cases demonstrated the decreased hepatic uptake at 5-minute image of which four cases revealed severe jaundice. Seven cases demonstrated visualization of the cystic dilated common bile duct within 1 hour after injection. Two cases showed the cyst activity between 1 and 12 hours, but the cyst activity was not visible in five cases. Nonvisualization of the gall bladder was noted in ten cases, while four cases demonstrated visualization of the gall bladder within 1 hour. The time of visualization of gut activity was variably delayed. The intestinal activity was found in three cases within 1 hour and appeared in three cases between 1 and 2 hours and eight cases showed no visible gut activity. In four cases, intrahepatic ductal prominence was visible on the scintigram. Seven cases showed early and persistent accumulation of tracer in the common bile duct. Three cases showed persistent photon-deficient area in the gall bladder region. Two cases showed early photon-deficient area around gall bladder region with progressive accumulation of tracer in the same region. Two cases showed no evidence of activity in the biliary tract but noted late excretion into the small intestine. We concluded that hepatobiliary scan using $^{99m}Tc$-DISIDA is a noninvasive test useful in the evaluation and the diagnosis of choledochal cyst.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2008

The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β(C/EBPβ), a member of the leucine zipper DNA-binding protein of transcription factor, plays a crucial role in the control of early phases of adipocyte differentiation. In this studies, we report the identification, characterization, and expression of the Korean native cattle C/EBPβ gene. The Korean native cattle and black cattle C/EBPβ cDNA includes a 1047bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 348 amino acids. The C/EBPβ cDNA sequence of the Korean native cattle and black cattle shows high conservation with the corresponding amino acid sequences reported in other species. The distribution of C/EBPβ mRNA in various tissues of Korean native cattle aged 26 months was investigated using Northern Blot analysis. The C/EBPβ expression was detected in adipose tissue, lung, sirloin while expression was not detected in heart, kidney, small intestine, colon, and liver. However, we are analyzed polymorphism of bZIP domain in the C/EBPβ gene. A polymorphism was not identified at this position.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2008

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) on blood components and electrolytes, as well as elected tissues on mice. The mice were supplied either tap water (control group) and ERW (experimental group) for two months. There were no significant different between two groups anatomically and physiologically. In the blood electrolyte study, the experimental group had less Na and BUN compared to the control group. In the blood component study, the experimental group had less neutrophiles and the control group had more lymphocytes. In histological study, no tissue changes were noticed in various organs, including the stomach, small intestine, heart, and liver tissues. In conclusion, ERW has no noticable side affects on blood and organ tissues, and might be safe to a living body.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.217-220
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• 1981

A trematode, Cercaria tapidis which is parasitic to short necked clam, Tapes philippinarum was studied in terms of its morphology and incidence of infection rate. The host bivalve was collected from Solri near Gunsan from September 1980 to August 1981. Sporocysts were observed mainly in tissues of gonad of the short necked clams. Minimum infection rate ($0.85\%$) was found in May, while maximum infection rate ($23.27\%$) in December. The sporocyst is 1.1 mm long and 0.27 mm wide. Ellipsoidal body of cercaria is $283{\mu}m$ long and $120{\mu}m$ wide. Oral sucker is much larger than ventral sucker. Moderately small pharynx, a long esophagus, and a long intestine reaching to the posterior end of the body are distinctive. Globular excretory bladder is located at the posterior part of the body and bears numerous granules of various size. The flame-cell arrangement is represented by a formula 2[(3+3+3)+(3+3)]=30. Tail is five times body length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.857-867
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• 2017

This study was performed to encapsulate low molecular weight marine collagen and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria to inhibit degradation and improve survival rate during exposure to adverse conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract. Calcium-alginate method was used for the manufacture of a double-layered coated capsule. The inner core material was composed of collagen and lactic acid bacteria, and the coating materials were alginate and chitosan. The sizes and shapes of the double-coated capsule were affected mainly by centrifuge speed and pH. Manufactured capsules were observed with a scanning electron microscope and by confocal laser scanning microscopy to confirm the micromorphological changes of capsules and bacterial cells. As a result, double-layered coated capsules were not degraded at pH 1.2, whereas degradation occurred at pH 7.4. In addition, GABA and collagen were maintained in stable state at pH 1.2. Therefore, double-layered coated capsules developed in this study would not be degraded in the stomach and could be stably delivered to the small intestine to benefit intestinal and dermatic health.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.221-229
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• 1985

The echinostomatid metacercariae encysted in the gill of the fresh water fish, Pseudorasbora larva were identified through obtaining adult worms after eBperimental infection to mice. In addition, a brief course of worm development and maturation was observed in this experimental host. The results were as follows: 1. The echinostomatid metacercariae were elliptical, golden yellow, 0.073∼0.078 mm long and 0.0541∼0.065 mm wide. Their head portions were characterized by the presence of a head crown armed with collar spines of total 24 in number and interrupted at the mid-dorsal side of the oral sucker. 2. The average rate of worm recovery froth 12 mice (on the 1-2lth postinfection days) was 19.4 % and the rate revealed no decrease in accordance with the increase of infection duration. The worms were collected chiefly from the lower part of the small intestine. 3. After the infection, their sexual maturation was attained in 5 days and their growth in size nearly completed in 7 days. The early growth curve of genital organs was S shape while that of nongenital organs was C form. In 5 day old worms, 1 or 2 eggs were found from their uteri and the stools of mice revealed echinostomatid eggs from the 5-6th postinfection day. 4. The 7 day old adult worms were ovoid in shape, 0.54-0.69 mm long and 0.29-0.34 mm wide, and characterized by a well developed head crown with 24 collar spines and vitelline follicles distributed from the acetabular level down to the posterior end of body. Based on these characters they were identified to be Echinochasmus japonicus Tanabe, 1926. From these results, it is verified that p. larva is one of the second intermediate hosts of 5. jatonicus in Korea.