• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.179-182
• /
• 2016

An 11-year-old castrated male Maltese had vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal distension for over two weeks and weight loss for several months. Clinical laboratory studies were not remarkable. Abdominal radiographs showed severe dilated intestine with a gravel sign. Colon was empty with normal diameter in the pneumocolon study. On ultrasonographs, most small bowel loops were dilated without normal peristalsis and showed abnormal thin wall. Barium contrast study revealed remarkably delayed gastric emptying and transit time up to $6^{th}$ day. On exploratory laparotomy, there were no mechanical obstruction and extra-intestinal abnormalities except severe dilated small intestine. Chronic fibrosing lymphohistiocytic leiomyositis with atrophy of tunica muscularis in the small intestines and colon was identified through full thickness biopsy and histopathology. Therefore, primary myopathic chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction was diagnosed. This dog is survival with symptomatic treatments for eight months.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.1800-1806
• /
• 2008

Cytokines play a central role in the mucosal immune response and are involved in regulation of nutrient absorption, metabolism and animal growth. This study investigated the effect of diet manipulation with specialized protein or peptide sources on expression of cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-${\alpha}$) mRNA abundance in different intestinal regions and at different ages post-weaning in piglets. A total of 48 (17 days of age, $6.16{\pm}0.34kg\;BW$) weanling pigs were fed either a corn-soy/whey protein basal diet, the basal diet supplemented with spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP), or the basal diet supplemented with $Peptiva^{(R)}$, a hydrolyzed marine plant protein. A fourth treatment group was fed the SDPP diet, but the feed intake level was limited (SDPP-LF). Pigs were killed at 3 and 10 d, and intestinal cytokine mRNA was measured by real-time PCR using the relative quantification method. The SDPP-LF group exhibited an increased TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA abundance compared with the ad libitum SDPP group (p<0.05). The TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-10 mRNA abundance increased from the proximal to distal part of the intestine, and the mRNA abundance was greater (p<0.01) in the distal intestine as compared with the proximal and middle intestine. The cytokines IL-1-${\beta}$, IL-10 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA abundance also increased from d3 to d10 postweaning (p<0.01). In summary, restricted feeding increased the TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA abundance in the small intestine, however neither SDPP nor peptide supplementation affected cytokine mRNA expression. Abundance of mRNA for most cytokines examined in this study increased with age post-weaning, suggesting that during 10 d after weaning the mucosal immune system is still under development.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 2005

Objectives : Although previous anatomic, physiological and biophysics studies have examined the acupuncture meridian system, much remains unclear and controversial. This study was undertaken to examine electrical potential aspects of the meridian system. Electric potential was measured at the well and sea acupoints on the twelve acupuncture meridians (AM), on forty patients half with loin lesions, and pain of loin and lower extremities(LL) and half with shoulder lesions, and aching of shoulder and arm(SA). The object was to determine to what extent electric potential is an important risk factor between LL and SA. Methods : At the left and the right side with each of twenty LL and twenty SA patients, physiograph was used to measure electric potentials of AM ten sessions. T-test was used to compare the mean of electric potential between the two different pain groups and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of the 24 electric potentials measured. Results and Conclusions : In the LL, the only electric potential that was statistically significantly greater than SA was the bladder meridian on the left side. On the contrary, electric potentials in SA, which includes the large intestine, pericardium, triple burner, spleen, stomach, kidney and gallbladder meridians, were statistically larger than those of LL at the same side. On the right side, the five kinds of electric potentials(lung, large intestine, small intestine, pericardium and gallbladder meridian) of LL were statistically larger than those of SA. On the triple burner, stomach and kidney meridians electric potentials of SA were larger than those in LL. After adjusting for 24 electric potentials, pain risk factors, and different illness categories, multiple stepwise selection logistic regression modeling, resulted in the final selection of a total of 13 statistically significant electric potentials. These were 7 electric potentials at left side - small intestine, triple burner, spleen, stomach, bladder, liver and gallbladder meridian, and 6 at rght side - lung, large intestine, heart, pericardium, kidney and bladder meridian.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.924-928
• /
• 2006

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of Zusanli(ST 36) electro-acupuncture(EA) on the small intestinal motility in rat. The motor activity of the rat small intestine was evaluated by intestinal transfortation rate. Changes in the motility in vivo of ileum was measured before and 10 minutes after acupuncture. In order to examine whether EA effect was affected by stimulated duration and left or right sides of ST36 acupoint, both of the difference effects of left or right sides on acupoints of ST 36 and the stimulated duration of 10, 20, 30 min. were investigated on the motility in vivo of ileum. These results suggest that effect of Zusanli(ST36) for increasing the small intestinal motility should stimulate more than 20 minutes, left ST36 EA has stronger effect than right ST36 EA.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.439-448
• /
• 2021

DA-9601 is an extract obtained from Artemisia asiatica, which has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects on gastrointestinal lesions; however, its possible anti-inflammatory effects on the small intestine have not been studied yet. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective effects of DA-9601 against the ACF-induced small intestinal inflammation. Inflammation of the small intestine was confirmed by histological studies and the changes in the CD4⁺ T cell fraction induced by the inflammation-related cytokines, and the inflammatory reactions were analyzed. Multifocal discrete small necrotic ulcers with intervening normal mucosa were frequently observed after treatment with ACF. The expression of IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α genes was increased in the ACF group; however, it was found to have been significantly decreased in the DA-9601 treated group. In addition, DA-9601 significantly decreased the levels of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α; the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, on the other hand, was observed to have increased. It is known that inflammatory mediators related to T cell imbalance and dysfunction continuously activate the inflammatory response, causing chronic tissue damage. The fractions of IFN-γ⁺ Th1 cells, IL-4⁺ Th2 cells, IL-9⁺ Th9 cells, IL-17⁺ Th17 cells, and Foxp3⁺ Treg cells were significantly decreased upon DA-9601 treatment. These data suggest that the inflammatory response induced by ACF is reduced by DA-9601 via lowering of the expression of genes encoding the inflammatory cytokines and the concentration of inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, DA-9601 inhibited the acute inflammatory response mediated by T cells, resulting in an improvement in ACF-induced enteritis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.1129-1136
• /
• 2005

The writer reports the conclusions gained from study about the cause of the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome with Dongeuibogam as the central figure through researching the disharmony among Body Essence, Vital Energy, Mentality, and Blood, mutual action of five viscera and six bowels, and external shapes. The hypersensitive large intestine syndrome is generally chronic and recurred in many cases, so it is more efficacious than symptomatic to treat according to find the contradictions of individual shapes. The shapes and cases suffering frequently the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome are Gi-kwa and Sin-kwa, having a long nose, having a bruised spot on Triple warmer, man with inclined mouth, Taeeum type, man with congested fluids, man with colic symptoms. The hypersensitive large intestine syndrome in Oriental medicine is recognized of diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and fullness caused by seven emotions. In Dongeuibogam it can be found out the similarity in depressive symptoms due to disorder of Gi, stagnation of Gi, dysphasia due to disorder of Gi, diarrhea due to disorder of Gi, fullness of due to Gi, diarrhea due to phlegm-retention, retention of undigested food, immoderate drinking, hypo-function of the spleen, or deficiency, abdominal pain from colic symptom, and difficulty in defecation and urination, internal injury, diarrhea due to weakness and fatigue. If the Jung, Gi, Sin, and Hyul composed the human body is broken harmony, the function of large intestinal transmission would be fallen, so similar symptoms like the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome are gotten. Especially Gi-kwa suffers diarrhea, constipation abdominal pain, and abdominal distention and fullness due to depressive symptoms from disorder of Seven emotions or Seven Gi. And Sin-kwa suffers from the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome due to emotional restlessness having an influence on rhythmic movement of abdomen. Examining between five viscera and six bowels and the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome, Liver cannot disperse well having influence on mutual relation of Liver-Large intestine, Heart reduces the function of defecation and urination not to control the seven emotions, Lung having exterior and interior relation with intestine has an influence on primordial energy and let the main symptoms occur, Spleen circulating the body fluid let the main symptoms occur due to malfunction of circulation, Kidney locating in lower part of the body has deep connection with intestine, so let the disorder. Urinary bladder is connected with intestine in moisture metabolism, Stomach is connected in receive and transmission, Small intestine is connected in absorption and excretion, from small intestine pain disturbing the abdominal movement, Samcho managing the catharsis of lower heater if declined its function causes the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome. The colic symptoms of Front private parts which disorder in lower abdomen give rise to abdominal pains, difficulty in defecation and urination due to Cold are similar to the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome. The treatments of applying the shapes of colic syndrome advocated by Master Park can be efficacious cure in clinic. Researching after the clinical cases of Master Park advocating Hyungsang medicine, we came to know that plenty of prescriptions of internal injury are applied and take good effects.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of growth hormone(GH) on the division and migration of the small intestinal epithelium in mice. Twenty mice(ICR), weighing initially about 10 g, aged 18 days were randomly subdivided in two groups of control and GH-treated group. Control group was sacrificied at 2 hr, 2, 3, 4 and 5 day after intraperitoneal injection of $^3H$-thymidine($^3H$-TdR, $4{\mu}$ Ci/gm of BW/day for 2 days). GH-treated group was injected subcutaneously with somatotropin(10 IU/mouse/day for 4 days) from 2 day ago of first $^3H$-TdR injection and then was sacrificied at 2 hr, 2, 3, 4 and 5 day after intraperitoneal injection of $^3H$-TdR($4{\mu}$ Ci/g of BW/day for 2 days). The small intestines were collected for autoradiogrophy and Hematoxylin counterstain. The location of the labeled epithelial cells(LEC) in villi of the small intestine was invested with light microscope. 1. In the control group, the LEC regions in the small intestine were located at crypts on 1 dsy, at $0%{\sim}15.9{\pm}3.6%$ of villus high value(VHV) on 2 day, at $0%{\sim}49.8{\pm}16.5%$ of VHV on 3 day, at $0%{\sim}95.3{\pm}6.9%$ of VHV on 4 day and $62.9{\pm}16.7{\sim}100%$ of VHV on 5 day, respectively. 2. In the GH-treated group, the LEC regions in the small intestine were located at crypts on 1 day, at $0%{\sim}39.2{\pm}9.5%$ of VHV on 2 day, at $0%{\sim}81.5{\pm}18.2%$ of VHV on 3 day, at $45.2{\pm}11.5%{\sim}100%$ of VHV on 4 day, at 85%~100% of VHV on 5 day, respectively. 3. VHV of tops in the LEC regions appeared to be 23.3% and 31.7% higher on 2 and 3 day, and VHV of the LEC region bases appeared to be 45.2%, 22.1% higher on 4 and 5 day, respectively in the GH-treated group than those observed in the control group. These difference was very highly significant(p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2024

This study confirmed the radioprotective effects of a mixed extracts of Hottuynia, Perilla Frutescens, and Camellia Sinnensis as natural radioprotectors on the prostate, small intestine, and liver of SD rats. It is known that Hottuynia, Perilla Frutescens, and Camellia Sinnensis have antioxidant effects on the prostate, small intestine, and liver, respectively.In this study, SD rats were irradiated with 8 Gy of gamma rays to confirm the radioprotective effects of a mixed extracts of Hottuynia, Perilla Frutescens, and Camellia Sinnensis. After radiation irradiation, histological analysis of the prostate, small intestine, and liver was performed. After radiation irradiation, histological analysis of the prostate, small intestine, and liver was performed. In the case of the prostate, the HPC+IR Group had less prostate damage and better recovery due to radiation compared to the IR Group. It was confirmed that the prostate size of the HPC+IR Group was 11.48%p and 24.54%p higher than the IR Group on 1st and 7th days. In the case of the small intestine, the HPC+IR Group had less radiation-induced small intestinal damage and recovery was better than the IR Group. The length of small intestine villus in the HPC+IR Group was confirmed to be 23.73%p and 24.27%p higher than the IR Group on the 1st and 7th days. In the case of the liver, the HPC+IR Group had less liver damage due to radiation and had better recovery than the IR Group. This was confirmed through the hepatic portal vein and surrounding cells. The results of this study are considered to be used as basic data for research on natural radiation protection using mixed extracts.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.382-386
• /
• 2003

Reductive amination of N-succinyl-chitosan (1) and lactose using sodium cyanoborohydride in 1/15 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) for 6 d was suitable for the preparation of lactosaminated N-succinyl-chitosan (2). At 8, 24 and 48 h after i.v. administration of fluorescently labeled 1 (1') or 2 (2'), Peyer's patch, mesenteric lymph nodes, testes, prostate, preputial grand, intestine (small intestine plus cecum), femoral muscle, backbone and peritoneum were taken. Peyer's patch and mesenteric lymph nodes were put together as lymph nodes. Over 10% of dose/g tissue was distributed to the prostate and lymph nodes at 48 h post-administration in both l' and 2'.2' was easily distributed into not only the liver but also prostate, intestine, preputial gland and lymph nodes. Although galactose receptors are known to exist not only on the liver parenchymal cells but also on prostate and testes, the selective distribution of 2' into the prostate and the testes were not observed clearly. This study suggested that 1 and 2 should have possibilities for both the prevention and cure of lymph node metastasis as drug carriers.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.180-191
• /
• 2002

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of oriental medical treatment in whiplash injury patients which caused by traffic accident. Methods : The clinical study was carried out 37 cases of whiplash injury patients which had been admitted in Daejon university Cheon-an oriental hospital from June, 2001 to December, 2001. Results : l. In the distribution of sex distinction was female much more than male in the ratio of 3:2 and thirties was most in age distribution. 2. In situation of traffic accident, The most case was rear-ending(70.27%). 3. Except cervical pain or it's reffered pain, there were whole body symptoms as fallow, insomnia in 11cases(29.73%), night pain in 10 cases(27.03%), general body pain in 8cases(21.62), dizziness in 6cases(16.22%). 4. According to Meridian Muscle theory, a injured parts of patient were devided as follows. There were 22cases(59.46%) which have injury in Bladder, Small Intestine Meridian Muscle, 10cases(27.03%) in Gallblader, Triple Energizer Meridian Muscle, 5cases(13.51%) in Stomach, Large Intestine Meridian Muscle. 5. There were 6cases(16.22%) of the grade of complete recovery, 10cases(27.03%) of the grade of excellent, 12cases(32.43%) of the grade of improvement, 6cases(16.22%) of the grade of disimprovement and 3cases(8.11%) of the grade of poor. So 28cases(75.68%) were efficacious. 6. Generally Herb-meds that have efficacy of Geo-Eohyeol were most used(27cases, 72.97%) in early stage. Secondly Herb-med that have efficacy of Yiqi-sunqi were used(20case, 54,05%) in middle stage and Herb-med of Bo-Qiheol were used(l0cases, 27.03%) in latter term. The most used Herb-med was Hoisu-san, Oyaksungi-san(22cases, 54.96%). 7. In l5cases which have Aqua-Acupuncture treatment, There were 3cases of Complete recovery, 5cases of Excellent, 4cases of Improvement, 2cases of Disimprovement, 1cases of Poor. 8cases(53.33%) were above Excellent grade, so it is more efficatious Than simple treatment without Aqua-Acupuncture(36.37%). 8. The improvement of Bladder, Small Intestine Meridian Muscle was 77.27%, Gallblader, Triple Energizer Meridian Muscle was 70% and Stomach, Large Intestine Meridian Muscle was 80%. Additional Aqua-Acupuncture treatment improved to be effective in Bladder, Small Intestine Meridian Muscle(77.78%), in Gallblader, Triple Energizer Meridian Muscle(75%), in Stomach, Large Intestine Meridian Muscle(100%). Conclusions : In this study, Oriental treatment especially Aqua-Acupuncture was effective in whiplash injury patients which caused by traffic accident.