• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.600-605
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• 1998

Present study was investigate to evaluate the aluminum absorption effect on lactic acid bacteria(Lactobacillus acidophilus ATTC 4356, Lactogacillus bulgaricus ATTC 11842, Lactobacillus casei IFO 3533, and Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185 ; LAB) and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 3627 (CP) in artificial intestinal tract. Their growth rate, aluminum accumulation and cellular distribution was studied under anaerobic broth system. All of above microbes were inhibited by adding 10 to 100ppm of aluminum. The degree of aluminum in LAB (Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC 11842, Lactobacillus casei IFO 3533, and Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185) was higher than of CP. The largest amount of aluminum was accumulated in Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC 11842. Aluminum accumulation in LAB was distributed in 49.1% at cell wall, 27.3% at plasma membrane, and 23.6% at cytoplasm, respectively. This study suggests that LAB might help to eliminate the ingested aluminum in intestinal tract.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2017

Pediatric onset Crohn's disease (CD) tends to have complicated behavior (stricture or penetration) than elderly onset CD at diagnosis. Considering the longer duration of the disease in pediatric patients, the accumulative chance of surgical treatment is higher than in adult onset CD patients. Possible operative indications include perianal CD, intestinal stricture or obstruction, abdominal abscess or fistula, intestinal hemorrhage, neoplastic changes and medically untreatable inflammation. Growth retardation is an operative indication only for pediatric patients. Surgery can affect a patient's clinical course, especially for pediatric CD patient who are growing physically and mentally, so the decision should be made by careful consideration of several factors. The complex and diverse clinical conditions hinder development of a systemized treatment algorithm. Therefore, timing of surgery in pediatric CD patients should be determined with individualized approach by an experienced and well organized multidisciplinary inflammatory bowel disease team. Best long-term outcomes will require proactive post-operative monitoring and therapeutic modifications according to the conditions.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.219-230
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• 1993

This research aims to study the changes In gastrointestinal function attributed to aging In human. The thresholds for recognition and detection of flavors became elevated and salivary gland acinar cells decreased in the old age. But most esophageal function remained relatively Intact. Although gastric emptying time has been slowed with aging, the total intestinal transit time did not differ. Atropic gastritis due to H. pylori in old man decreased secretion of acid and Intrinsic factor and absorbability of calcium and iron. Pancreatic secretion is droned in older persons. Prevalence of gallstones rised with age. Liver size and portal blood flow decreased significantly with age. Mucosal surface area has been reported to be slightly diminished in the aging man. Glucose transporters decreased and Insulin tolerance Increased. Absorption of aromatic amino acid is diminished with age. Dietary protein In that aging human increased fecal nitrogen excretion. Vitamin A tolerance increased. Vitamin D receptor concentration decreased and resistance to 1,25-(OH)2D3 action increased. Permeability of aging small Intestine Increased. Zinc balance dirt not differ Copper absorption appeared not to be significantly affected by age. Neurotensin secretion decreased thus slowed colonic peristaltic movements and Intestinal mucosal growth.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.335-339
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• 1996

Optimal medium for growth and glycosidases production of Bacteroides JY-6, an human intestinal bacterium, was general anaerobic medium or tryptic soy broth containing sod ium thioglycolate and ascorbic acid. By cocultivation of Staphylococcus R-48, Bacteroides JY-6 could be cultured in LB broth unable to culture JY-6. Heated Staphylococcus R-48 was also the inducer of the production of Bacteroides JY-6 glycosidases. These glycosidases were induced well by natural flavonoid glycosides, such as poncirin, naringin and rutin, but were not by synthetic substrates, p-nitrophenyl ${\beta$-D-glucopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl ${\alpha}$-L-rhanmopyranoside.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2005

We surveyed the distribution of Listeria spp in intestinal contents of slaughtered cattle from Daegu between March and October 2003. Fourteen Listeria spp were isolated from a total of 100 samples. Two samples contained only L innocua and other six samples contained both L monocytogenes and L innocua. Of the 99 samples positive to esculin reaction in Fraser broth, Listeria spp were isolated only from $8\%$ of the samples. Three selective plating medium were examined for detection of Listeria species including Enhanced hemolysis agar, Oxford agar and Palcam agar, It was found that Enhanced hemolysis agar was more effective than Oxford agar and Palcam agar, and that L monocytogenes needed 48 hour growth to give positive reaction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1738-1745
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• 2007

A growth trial and a digestibility trial were conducted to examine the effect of feed particle size on the performance, nutrient digestibility, gastric ulceration and intestinal morphology in pigs fed barley-based diets. Barley was processed through a hammer mill to achieve four diets varying in particle size (average particle $size{\pm}standard $deviation): coarse ($1,100{\pm}2.19\;{\mu}m$), medium ($785{\pm}2.23\;{\mu}m$), fine ($434{\pm}1.70\;{\mu}m$) and mixed (1/3 of coarse, medium and fine) ($789{\pm}2.45\;{\mu}m$). Sixty-four entire male pigs were used in the growth trial and the diets were fed ad libitum between 31 kg and 87 kg live weight. Following slaughter, stomach and ileal tissues were scored for integrity (ulceration or damage) and histological measurements taken. Twenty-four entire male pigs were used in the digestibility trial, which involved total faecal collection. Over the entire growth phase, there were no differences (p>0.05) in average daily gain and feed conversion ratio between pigs fed diets of different particle size. Pigs fed the coarse and medium diets had lower (p<0.05) stomach ulceration scores (0.20 and 0.25, respectively, on a scale from 0 to 3) than those fed the mixed (0.69) or the fine diets (1.87). The stomachs of all animals fed the fine diet had lesions and stomach ulcerations were present only in this group. Pigs fed the fine diet had thicker (p<0.001) ileal epithelial cell layer with no differences (p>0.05) being observed for villous height or crypt depth. Faecal digestibility coefficients of neutral and acid detergent fibre were the highest (p<0.05) for the mixed diet, intermediate for the fine and coarse diets and the lowest for the medium diet. A similar numerical trend (p = 0.103) was observed for the apparent faecal energy digestibility coefficient. It is concluded that, with barley based diets, a variation in average particle size between $400{\mu}m$ and $1,100{\mu}m$ had no effect on pig performance but the fine dietary particle size affected the integrity of the stomach, as well as the structure of the small intestine, thus compromising overall gut health. Our data also demonstrate that changes in particle size distribution during the digestion process, rather than average particle size or particle size variation, are related to apparent faecal digestibility.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.348-354
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• 2013

Tagatose가 장내세균의 성장에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 in vitro 실험을 하였다. 탄소원 이용능을 알아보기 위하여 탄소원 이용능 검색 배지인 m-PYF medium에 탄소원으로 tagatose와 glucose를 각각 0.5%(w/v) 첨가한 후 여러 장내 세균을 각각 배양하였다. 장내 유해균인 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas fluorescens는 성장이 저해되었지만, 장내 유익균인 Lactobacillus casei는 tagatose가 첨가된 배지에서 glucose가 첨가된 배지에서의 성장과 유사한 성장 곡선을 나타내었다. 이후 tagatose의 이용성 증진 및 다양한 기능적 가치를 부여한 유산균 발효유를 개발하기 위하여 tagatose를 탄소원으로 이용하는 Lactobacillus casei를 접종하여 tagatose를 첨가한 요구르트의 유산균 생육과 산 생성에 미치는 영향 및 요구르트의 품질특성을 조사하였다. Tagatose 첨가 요구르트의 pH는 발효기간 동안 감소하였으며, 적정산도는 pH의 변화 양상과 대체적으로 일치하는 경향을 나타내었다. 생균수는 12시간까지 급격한 증가를 보이다가 그 이후 완만히 증가하여 발효 24시간에는 8.44~8.49 log CFU/mL 범위를 나타내었다. 점도는 대조군보다 tagatose 첨가군이 1,266 cps로 높게 측정되었으며, 관능검사 결과 맛과 종합적인 기호도에서 glucose 첨가군과 유의적인 차이 없이 높게 평가되었다. 요구르트를 $4^{\circ}C$에서 15일간 저장하면서 요구르트의 품질변화를 측정한 결과 pH, 적정산도, 유산균수에는 거의 변화가 없어 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

본 연구는 포도씨 분말 첨가 사료가 육계의 성장, 사료 이용성 및 체 조직내 항산화 효소 및 관련 생화학 지표 인자에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 전체 50수 3일령 육계를 2주간 예비 실험 기간을 거친 다음 각 군당 10수씩 선발하여 대조구 및 포도씨 분말 1% 첨가구 등 2개 구를 설정하여 3주간 사양 시험을 실시하고 혈액 생화학 성분 및 체조직의 항산화 지표를 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 육계 사료내 1% 수준의 포도씨 분말 첨가는 체중, 일당 증체량, 사료 섭취량, 사료 요구율 및 장기 무게 등에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2. 혈액내 total antioxidant status(TAS)는 포도씨 첨가구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였으며, 혈중 생화학적 성분과 조직 손상을 나타내는 AST, ALT, LDH 등의 수준은 모든 구에서 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 3. 포도씨 분말 첨가는 소장 점막 세포내 SOD 활성도를 유의적으로(P<0.05) 증가시켰다. 그러나 간 조직내 GSHPx, SOD, GST 등과 같은 항산화 효소, 환원형 glutathione 및 지질 과산화(MDA) 수준은 대조구 및 포도씨 분말 급여구간에 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 천연 항산화제로서 포도씨 분말 1% 첨가 사료는 성장 및 사료 이용성에 특이적 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 혈액내 TAS 및 소장내 SOD활성도를 현저히 증가시키므로 육계에서 천연 항산화원으로서의 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.84-96
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• 2022

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of calcium-enriched fatty acid supplementation on the growth performance, blood metabolites, intestinal morphology, carcass traits, and nutrient digestibility of broilers subjected to chronic heat stress. A total of 210 one-day-old broiler chicks (40.12 ± 0.25 g) were randomly allocated to one of five dietary treatments, to obtain six replicates per treatment. Broilers were subjected to chronic heat stress from day 21 to day 35, post-hatching, at 34℃ for 9 h per day. The body weight (BW) and feed intake of the experimental broilers were recorded weekly, and the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated accordingly. Rectal temperature was measured to compare the basal body temperatures between individuals, and blood samples were collected on days 21 and 35 to evaluate basal body temperature, serum total cholesterol, and the triglyceride content of the broilers. On days 21 and 35, one broiler from each cage (n=6) was euthanized to measure carcass trait parameters, nutrient digestibility in digesta, and intestinal morphology. On days 14, 28, and 35, the broilers fed 2.0% calcium-enriched fatty acids had higher BW (p < 0.05) than those fed the other diets. However, no differences (p > 0.05) were found in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) between dietary treatments over the 35 experimental days. On the other hand, on day 21, post-hatching, the broilers fed the 2.0% calcium-enriched fatty acid diet had improved (p < 0.05) dietary feed efficiencies compared to the other treatments. On day 28, the broilers fed the 5.0% of calcium-enriched fatty acid diet also had higher (p < 0.05) dietary feed efficiencies than those fed with the other dietary treatments. No effects (p > 0.05) on carcass weight, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, or blood parameters were found between broilers fed with dietary treatments. This study demonstrated that the inclusion of an additive, containing 2.0% calcium-enriched fatty acid, to broiler diet could ameliorate the negative growth performance of broilers; and no interaction (p > 0.05) was observed between the calcium-enriched fatty acid and nutrient digestibility, digestive anatomy, blood metabolism, and carcass traits of broilers subjected to chronic heat stress conditions for 35 days post-hatching.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1734-1741
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• 2012

This trial was performed to study the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with fermented rapeseed meal (RSM) on growth performance, serum biochemistry variable and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 640 d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments, 4 pens per treatment and 40 birds per pen for a 6-wk feeding trial. In the four treatment groups, fermented RSM replaced soybean meal at 0, 5, 10, and 15%, respectively. On 21 d and 42 d, two birds from each pen were randomly selected and slaughtered. Blood samples and sections of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected for measurement of serum biochemical variables and intestinal morphology, respectively. Results showed that body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion (FC) were significantly (p<0.01) poorer for birds fed the 15% fermented RSM diet than those fed with 0, 5 and 10% fermented RSM diets during all periods. Compared with 0 and 5% fermented RSM groups, IgG content in the serum of birds in 10 and 15% fermented RSM groups was improved (p<0.01) urea nitrogen content of serum was reduced (p<0.01) during both growing and finishing periods. However, IgM, phosphorus and calcium levels increased (p<0.05) only during the growing period. Increased (p<0.05) villus height was observed in the duodenum and jejunum of broilers fed the diet with 10% fermented RSM. In addition, villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was significantly higher (p<0.01) for birds fed the diet with 10% fermented RSM than for those fed diets with 0, 5 and 15% fermented RSM. The present results suggest that RSM fermented with Lactobacillus fermentum and Bacillus subtilis is a promising alternative protein source and that it could be safely used replace up to 10% SBM in broiler diets.