• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5959-5964
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• 2014

Background: Dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake has been shown to play a role in the etiology of breast cancer, but the findings have been inconsistent and limited to developed countries with higher cancer incidence. Objective: To examine the association of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk with dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake. Materials and Methods: This population based case-control study was conducted in Malaysia with 382 breast cancer patients and 382 controls. Food intake pattern was assessed via an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a broad range of potential confounders were included in analysis. Results: A significant two fold increased risk of breast cancer among premenopausal (OR $Q_4$ to $Q_1$=1.93, 95%CI: 1.53-2.61, p-trend=0.001) and postmenopausal (OR $Q_4$ to $Q_1$=1.87, 95%CI: 1.03-2.61, p-trend=0.045) women was observed in the highest quartile of sugar. A higher intake of dietary fiber was associated with a significantly lower breast cancer risk among both premenopausal ($ORQ_4$ to $Q_1$=0.31, 95%CI: 0.12-0.79, p-trend=0.009) and postmenopausal ($ORQ_4$ to $Q_1$=0.23, 95%CI: 0.07-0.76, p-trend=0.031) women. Conclusions: Sugar and dietary fiber intake were independently related to pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. However, no association was observed for dietary carbohydrate intake.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2004

Dietary intakes and sources of vitamin B$_{6}$ in 72 healthy Korean elderly subjects (29 men,43 women, $\geq$57 years of age) living in the Seoul area were estimated using a modified Korean vitamin B$_{6}$ database. The dietary vitamin B$_{6}$ intake and food sources were estimated by the three day recall method with the help of a trained interviewer. Food portion sizes were estimated using standard household measures and published average portion sizes. The average daily vitamin B$_{6}$ intake was 2.06$\pm$0.46 mg/d in elderly men, and 1.94$\pm$ 0.47 mg/d in elderly women. Less than 5% of elderly men and 15% of elderly women consumed less than the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin B$_{6}$. The average ratios of vitamin Be intake to daily protein intake were 0.03 $\pm$ 0.01 mg/g in both elderly men and women. The intake of vitamin B$_{6}$ was significantly (p <0.01 ∼ p<0.001) and positively correlated to intakes of all other nutrients in elderly women, but was not significantly correlated to intakes of several nutrients in elderly men. Foods from animal and plant sources provided 24% and 76%, respectively, of the total vitamin B$_{6}$. Major dietary sources of vitamin B$_{6}$ in Korean elderly were rice, soybean sprout, kimchi, pork, beef, potatoes, garlic, onion, anchovy and kochujang. The major sources accounted for most of the vitamin B$_{6}$ intake with the top 20 foods providing nearly 75∼76% of the total vitamin B$_{6}$ in Korean elderly./ in Korean elderly.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2006

The study aims to evaluate the nutritional status and influence of school meal intakes on RDA of primary school children in Akure community, Ondo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 728 primary school children aged between 6 and 15 years. Data were collected using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires. The questionnaires collect information on demographic characteristics and home dietary intake of the subjects. The heights and weights of the children were measured using a standard procedure and height-far-age and weight-far-height z-score were determined. The children's school meal intakes were weighed for 4 days and samples were collected for chemical analysis. The results showed that 37.8% of the children were not wasted, 35.7% mildly wasted, 18.7% moderately wasted and 7.8% severely wasted. Also, 57.8% were not stunted, 29.3% mildly stunted, 11.0% moderately stunted and 1.9% were severely stunted. The subjects' home dietary intakes showed that 73.6% ate starchy food only, 19.9% ate protein based food, while 11.6% and 11.5% consumed fruits/vegetables and snacks to complement home meals respectively. The chemical composition of school meal was energy 379 - 413kcal, moisture content 5.9 -7.3g, carbohydrate 56.5 - 69.4g, fat 4.6 - 12.7g, crude fiber 0.1 - 2.4g, ash content 3.6 - 8.5g and protein 14.9 - 22.3g. The mineral contents were calcium 45.9 - 59.2mg, sodium 5004 - 59.6mg, zinc 2.3 - 3.1mg, magnesium 55.0 - 61.6mg, potassium 55.3 - 69.3mg, copper 0.2 - 0.3 mg, while others 1.3 - 1.9mg, 243 - 659mg and 831 - 9,510mg were iron, phosphorous and vitamin-A respectively. The contribution of school meals to subjects' RDA was within 2.9% and 1540%. In summary, school meal intake contributed positively to the RDA and nutritional status of the school children.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2003

모바일 조사방법은 유선전화조사와는 달리 응답대상자에 대한 접촉가능성이 높기 때문에 새로운 조사방법으로 활용되기 시작하였다. 그러나 모바일 조사방법의 표본 대표성을 확보할 수 있는 방법론이 아직 정립되지 않았다. 이 연구는 성향지수를 이용한 가중치를 사용하는 것이 모바일 조사의 표본편향을 제거해 줄 수 있는지 검토해 보았다. 성, 연령, 학력 등의 인구학적 속성과 기타 태도변인을 이용하여 성향지수를 산출하여 가중치로 사용하였다. 그 결과 선거예측조사와 과학 여론조사 등에서 표본의 편향이 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이러한 본 연구의 결과가 일반성을 어느 정도 가지는가는 좀더 검토되어야 할 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.707-715
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• 2010

In this study, meridian massage is developed and applied on post menopausal Women with Hemodialysis to identify the effects of Menopausal Symptoms, Mood, Estradiol($E_2$), and Pain. The study was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test Quasi-experimental design. There were 17 people in the experimental group and 17 people in the control group. Meridian massage was performed for 4 weeks, 3 times a week for 20 minutes each sessions. The data were collected at pretest and posttest. SPSS win. 11.5 program was used. Fisher's exact test and Mann Whitney U-test were used to analyze the Pre-treatment homogeneity. Wilcoxon Sign Rank test was used to find out the effectiveness within each groups. Mann Whitney U-test was used in comparing between the two groups. After meridian massage, there were significant differences in menopausal symptoms in experimental group(z=-2.583, p=.010) and pain between groups(U=86.00, p=.040). $E_2$ was not effective in both groups. The mood was effective in both groups, since the mood had influenced by interviewer's collecting data. Meridian massage was effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms and pain of post menopausal women with Hemodialysis, but it is desirable to perform meridian massage to the patients for enough time.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 1997

This study was investigated about preparation of ice at home and developing points which met consumer's demand that was focused on auto icemaker. According to purposive quota sampling method, residences in Seoul and Kyunggi-do area were selected and interviewed by trained interviewer at August 1995. The results were as follows: 66.3% of respondent usually prepared ice in ice-making container of refrigerator and used when they needed. 85% of them used ice in summer and seldomly used in other seasons. Boiling water with barley was major drinking water(45.6%), and broiled or purified tap water was used to make ice(38.6%) commonly. Numbers of ice-making container were two(66.0%). Above 50% of respondents replied that they felt off-flavor in ice usually. After felt off-flavor, 54.7% of respondent threw away the ice, some of them used off-flavored ice after treatment to washing with water. 64.9% of respondents thought that the origins of off-flavor was the flavor of refrigerator itself. The consumer's expectation of developing points were as follows. The most priority of developing points was to make ice quickly, the next was to develop auto ice maker and ice storage container, to make different size of ice. Less expected points were to make more clear ice and large volume of ice in one time. The recognition about auto ice maker was slightly low(35% of respondents), but 67% of them wanted to develop auto ice maker.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.338-346
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between oral health impact profile, depression and quality of life among community-dwelling elderly persons in South Korea. Methods: The design of this research was cross-sectional descriptive study. The participants were 266 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and older. Data were collected from November 20 to December 20, 2011. The measurements for assessing the subjects' oral health, depression, quality of life were OHIP-14, GDS-SF and QOL. Data were collected using self-administered or interviewer-administered questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The participants' mean age was 77.68, and 86.5% were female, 42.9% were living-alone elders. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis found that oral health impact profile was significantly associated with depression (r=-.622, p<.001), QOL (r=-.400, p<.001), number of disease (r=.298, p<.001), age (r=.198, p=.002), education (r=-.149, p=.015), eating habit (r=.185, p=.003). The QOL was explained 54.7% by depression (${\beta}$=-.619), oral health impact profile (${\beta}$=-.127), number of benefited welfare service (${\beta}$=.235), perceived health (${\beta}$=-.327), eating habit (${\beta}$=-.094) using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: These results indicate that the intervention program of oral health promotion for community-dwelling elders is needed from now on.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.593-603
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• 2019

Purpose: Previous studies have highlighted that the nutritional behaviors among South Korean workers are far from ideal. This study examined the organizational influences affecting the eating practices of office workers in South Korea. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 22 office workers at 12 companies in South Korea. The interviewer inquired about the employees' daily routines on food and beverage intake. The various factors that influence their food choices in their work environments were also explored. The interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using a content analysis. Results: A framework analysis revealed 7 key recurring themes, and these were grouped under three levels: team-, company-, and corporate group-levels. First, team dinners are core social events for all the workers and they tend to include high-caloric food and alcoholic beverages. The frequency of team meals and the food associated with them depend on various team characteristics such as gender composition, the nature of a team's work and the team leaders' emphasis on group meals. Second, the company's policies and practices regarding budget allocation for team meals and subsidies for cafeteria meals affect the workers' food intake practices. In addition, the physical environment of the worksite cafeterias can influence the choices of foods. Third, various corporate group policies that were not designed to target food intake had additional positive effects on the workers' eating behaviors. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the broader organizational influences on the food consumption of employees in their workplace. These insights can be used to design and implement more effective intervention strategies for improving the nutritional behaviors of office workers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and to identify related factors in elderly hemodialysis patients. Sixty-four patients who were registered in Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, participated in the study. The data was collected between September and December, 2003. General characteristics were obtained with the use of an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical data, 3-day dietary records and dietary habits were also obtained. The results of this study were analyzed with t-test or $X^2$-test using SPSS package program. The percentage of elderly hemodialysis patients who were undergoing mild to severe malnutrition (MN group) and were normal nutrition (NN group) by subjective global assessment (SGA) criteria were 46.9% and 53.1 %, respectively. Appetite (p < 0.05) and dietary cholesterol intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly lower in MN group than the NN group. Body mass index (BMI, p < 0.001), lean body mass (LBM, p < 0.05), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF, p < 0.01), mid ann circumference (MAC, p < 0.01) and mid ann muscle circumference (MAMC, p < 0.05) were also lower in the MN group than the NN group. There were also significant differences in blood urea nitrogen (BUN, p < 0.05), creatinine (p < 0.05), prealbumin (p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP, p < 0.05). SGA was negatively correlated with serum BUN, creatinine and pre albumin, dry weight, BMI, LBM, total body water, TSF, MAC and MAMC, and positively correlated with age. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, SGA was related to BMI, CRP, age and BUN. In conclusion, almost half of the subjects were in malnourished status and had lower values in anthropometric and biochemical data. Our results suggest that SGA is a simple and adequate method for assessing the nutritional status in elderly hemodialysis patients and adequate dietary guidelines based on individual nutritional status are needed in the patients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to utilize an extended Theory of Planned Behavior in identifying predictors of exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted, recruiting pregnant womenthrough two-stage cluster sampling. Their exclusive breastfeeding intention, attitude, perceived norm, perceived behavioral control and past behavior were obtained at baseline through interviewer-guided questionnaire. At one month after delivery, another interview was conducted to determine the two additional variables in the extended theory, which were their postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. The behavior, which was the actual duration of exclusive breastfeeding, was obtained from the second follow-up at six months. Pearson correlation and two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 200 women completed the study follow-up. Their median intended exclusive breastfeeding duration was 4.0 (IQR 5) months, and the median actual duration was 1.0 (IQR 4) month. The Theory of Planned Behavior explained 51.0% of the variance in intention, with perceived behavioral control and attitude were the significant predictors. It also explained 10.0% of the variance in behavior, but the addition of postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty increased the amount of explained variance in behavior by 6.0%. The significant predictors of exclusive breastfeeding behavior were intention, postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. CONCLUSION: The extended Theory of Planned Behaviorhad a good predictive ability in explaining exclusive breastfeedingintention and behavior. The women's intention to practice exclusive breastfeeding may be improved by improving their perceived behavioral control and attitude. Providing correct postpartum support and skills to handle breastfeeding difficulties after delivery will improve their exclusive breastfeeding behavior.