• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.699-706
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• 2007

The importance of the standards and its related texts established by Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) had been increased by the Agreement of Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) in World Trade Organization (WTO). To meet the needs of WTO SPS Agreement, biennial CAC meeting had been changed to every year. This study was conducted to analyze the effects on interval between CAC meetings. The years of adoption, revision and amendment of CAC texts were collected from the official standard list and individual texts from CAC homepage. The period since establishment of CAC was divided into four groups by starting negotiation of Uruguay Round, WTO foundation and reducing the interval between CAC meetings. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program. The numbers of CAC standards, guidelines, recommendations, maximum residue levels, and miscellaneous texts were 202, 56, 46, 3 and 5, respectively. Since 8 documents didn't contain the adoption year, these texts were eliminated to analyze adoption year. For adoption, annually 11.26 texts were established since establishment of CAC and there were no significant difference among the 4 groups. However the average numbers of revisions and amendments of adopted texts for overall periods and for each period were 7.56, 0.93, 6.50, 17.20 and 19.75, respectively. The average numbers of overall decisions, defined as summation of adoption, revision and amendment of texts, for overall periods and for each period were 12.37, 6.27, 9.00, 17.40 and 29.25, respectively. There were significant differences by the WTO foundation and the interval between CAC meetings. The reduced interval of CAC meetings influenced to increase number of revisions and amendments of adopted texts, but not yet adoption of new text.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the kinematic variables and electromyography (EMG) findings that change with varying characteristics of crouch start and feedback provision, and to provide the fundamental data for record improvement in 400 mH. Method: Four short-distance runners participated in the experiment. The analyzed variables were elapsed time per interval, stride length, and muscle activities in three lower limb muscles. These variables were analyzed by using Kwon3d XP and Noraxon Myoresearch. The participants were subjected to three conditions, including two conditions that relate to the thrusting foot on the rear block and another condition pertinent to feedback provision. Results: In terms of a one-step interval, the elapsed time in condition A was longer than that in condition B, and the one after the feedback was the longest. The stride length of a one-step interval was the longest in condition A. The stride length of a two-step interval was the shortest in condition A. The muscle activity during a one-step interval showed differences in vastus medialis and medial gastrocnemius, with condition A being the highest. Conclusion: When the non-dominant left foot was located at the back, negative results were observed in terms of elapsed time and stride length. Moreover, an imbalance in muscle activity was observed between the left and right feet when the left foot was placed at the back. As a result, significant differences in elapsed time, stride length, and muscle activity were observed depending on the foot placed on the rear block. In conclusion, we identified the characteristics of crouch start in 400 mH, and a specialized program must be suggested.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2013

배경제거는 동영상의 내용을 자동으로 분석하기 위한 매우 중요한 기술의 하나로 움직이는 객체를 검출하고 추적하기 위한 핵심 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 배경 모델과 함께 배경 영상을 제공하는 새로운 샘플링 기반의 배경제거 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 방법에서는 움직임이 빠른 객체와 느린 객체를 동시에 처리하기 위해 다중 구간 샘플링 기법을 이용하여 배경 모델을 생성한다. 이러한 다중 구간 배경 모델들로부터 최선의 배경 모델을 만들기 위해 "신뢰도"를 사용한 것이 본 논문의 특징이다. 배경 제거 분야에서 다양한 모델을 병합하여 하나의 모델을 만들기 위해 신뢰도를 정의하여 사용한 경우는 현재까지 보고되지 않았다. 실험을 통해 제안된 방법이 다양한 속도의 객체가 존재하고 시간에 따른 그림자의 이동과 같은 환경 변화가 있는 응용에서도 안정적인 결과를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.554-562
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• 2008

The distribution and prediction interval for the misorientation angle of grain boundary at which $Cr_2N$ was precipitated during heating at $900^{\circ}C$ for $10^4$ sec were newly estimated, and followed by the estimation of mathematical and median rank methods. The probability density function of the misorientation angle can be estimated by a statistical analysis. And then the ($1-{\alpha}$)100% prediction interval of misorientation angle obtained by the estimated probability density function. If the estimated probability density function was symmetric then a prediction interval for the misorientation angle could be derived by the estimated probability density function. In the case of non-symmetric probability density function, the prediction interval could be obtained from the cumulative distribution function of the estimated probability density function. In this paper, 95, 99 and 99.73% prediction interval obtained by probability density function method and cumulative distribution function method and compared with the former results by median rank regression or mathematical method.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2023

Rolling stock maintenance, which focuses on preventive maintenance, is typically implemented considering the potential harm that may be inflicted to passengers in the event of failure. The cost of preventive maintenance throughout the life cycle of a rolling stock is 60%-75% of the initial purchase cost. Therefore, ensuring stability and reducing maintenance costs are essential in terms of economy. In particular, private railroad operators must reduce government support budget by effectively utilizing railroad resources and reducing maintenance costs. Accordingly, this study analyzes the reliability characteristics of components using field data. Moreover, it resolves the problem of determining an economical replacement interval considering the timing of scrapping railroad vehicles. The procedure for determining the optimal replacement interval involves five steps. According to the decision model, the optimal replacement interval for the onboard signal device components of the "A" line train is calculated using field data, such as failure data, preventive maintenance cost, and failure maintenance cost. The field data analysis indicates that the mileage meter is 9 years, which is less than the designed durability of 15 years. Furthermore, a life cycle in which the phase signal has few failures is found to be the same as the actual durability of 15 years.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of falls in community-dwelling older adults and to identify associated factors using the 2019 Community Health Survey. Methods: The original data was from the 2019 Community Health Survey, and the study sample comprised 1,642 older adults aged 65 years and older in Jeju province. Data collection was conducted from August 16 to November 20, 2019, through an interview done by a trained investigator. Respondents were queried about demographic characteristics, riding bicycles, hospital treatment due to an accident or poisoning in the previous year, fall experiences in the past year, fear of falling, self-management status, and pain and discomfort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate for associations between potential risk factors and falls. Results: The prevalence of falls in this community-dwelling older adults was 13.1%. Falls were associated with riding bicycles (odds ratio = 4.7; 95% confidence interval: 2.26-9.81), fear of falling (odds ratio = 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.24-0.49), hospital treatment due to an accident or poisoning in the previous year (odds ratio = 7.8; 95% confidence interval: 5.02-12.19), self-management status (odds ratio = 0.6; 95% confidence interval: 0.34-0.89), and pain and discomfort (odds ratio = 0.6; 95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.87). Conclusions: We found that the prevalence of approximately about 13% of older adults living in a community has experienced falls. Based on the results of the study, we provided primary data to develop the care management intervention program to prevent falls and avoid risk factors that cause falls in community-dwelling older adults.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2018

The methods of applied genetic toxicology are changing from qualitative hazard identification to quantitative risk assessment. Recently, quantitative analysis with point of departure (PoD) metrics and benchmark dose (BMD) modeling have been applied to in vitro genotoxicity data. Two software packages are commonly used for BMD analysis. In previous studies, we performed quantitative dose-response analysis by using the PROAST software to quantitatively evaluate the mutagenicity of four piperidine nitroxides with various substituent groups on the 4-position of the piperidine ring and six cigarette whole smoke solutions (WSSs) prepared by bubbling machine-generated whole smoke. In the present study, we reanalyzed the obtained genotoxicity data by using the EPA's BMD software (BMDS) to evaluate the inter-platform quantitative agreement of the estimates of genotoxic potency. We calculated the BMDs for 10%, 50%, and 100% (i.e., a two-fold increase), and 200% increases over the concurrent vehicle controls to achieve better discrimination of the dose-responses, along with their BMDLs (the lower 95% confidence interval of the BMD) and BMDUs (the upper 95% confidence interval of the BMD). The BMD values and rankings estimated in this study by using the EPA's BMDS were reasonably similar to those calculated in our previous studies by using PROAST. These results indicated that both software packages were suitable for dose-response analysis using the mouse lymphoma assay and that the BMD modeling results from these software packages produced comparable rank orders of the mutagenic potency.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.353-354
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• 2002

This study represents the newly advanced formulation of hydraulic fluids for extended drain interval and introduces the performance results of used oil samples from various excavators. The used oil samples, in this paper, show that there is a sharp change in viscosity drop and moderate additive depletion. For the extension of hydraulic fluid life. it is necessary to improve the stability of viscosity and oxidation. New target properties from the used oil analysis were proposed for extended life. Hydraulic oil with the viscosity index of 140 and improved thermal stability consists of group III base oil, showed the possibility of extension of fluid life.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1999

Disturbances acting on the track-following servo system of an optical disk drive inherently contain significant periodic components that cause tracking errors of a periodic nature. Such disturbances can be effectively rejected by employing a repetitive controller, which must be implemented carefully in consideration of system stability. Plant uncertainty makes it difficult to design a repetitive controller that will improve tracking performance yet preserve system stability. In this paper, we examine the problem of designing a repetitive controller for an optical disk drive track-following servo system with uncertain plant coefficients. We propose a graphical design technique based on the frequency domain analysis of linear interval systems. This design method results in a repetitive controller that will maintain system stability against all admissible plant uncertainties. We show simulation and experimental results to verify the validity of the proposed design method.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2082-2086
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• 2003

This paper presents the analysis of satellite received signal by focus on the new prediction method for amplitude scintillation expression. A predict method based in the relationship of standard deviation values and the peak to peak values of amplitude scintillation in various of time period and various of sampling rate of signal variation. The principal techniques finding, the proper sampling rate and time interval, for the best expression method. The experiment has been performed in Bangkok of Thailand, at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, data collected in C-Band and Ku-Band on high elevation angles. The result of analysis shows the relationship between two methods is given by ${\sigma}_x={\alpha}(P-P)+{\beta}$. The value of ${\alpha}$ depends on sampling rate by closely with three-minute maximum time interval.