• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1038-1041
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• 2004

In this study, developed a micro-level experimental setup to measure pore pressure and poroelastic modulus in various strain and strain rate about a stress in micro-structure of bone tissue. It is essential device in the development of the model to analysis the interstitial bone fluid flow of the lacuno-canalicular system to be known that would effect on the bone remodeling. The constitution of the experimental setup is as follows, microscopic image processing system; actuator control unit; load measurement system. A pilot study was used an artificial chemical wood to have similar poroelastic property of bone matrix and conducted to validate the suitability of the measurement system.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 1990

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has emerged as a useful technique for the study of pulmonary interstitial disorders. Several types of Information are provided by the evaluation of lavage fluid identification of cellular constituents helps to separate inflammatory process. Recently we have studied cellular constituents of BAL from three cases with histologically confirmed pulmonary sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and hypereosinophilic syndrome. Pulmonary sarcoidosis showed a marked increase in lymphocytes, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis revealed a predominance of neutrophils, and hypereosinophilic syndrome presented a marked increase in eosinophils in the lavage fluids.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to clarify the efflux transport system of choline from brain to blood across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats using the brain efflux index (BEI) method. $[^3H]$Choline was micro-injected into parietal cortex area 2 (Par2) of the rat brain, and was eliminated from the brain with elimination halflife of 45 min. The BBB efflux clearance of $[^3H]$choline was about 124 mL/min/g brain, which was determined from combination of an elimination rate constant $(1.54X10^{-2}min^{-1})$ and the distribution volume in the brain (8.05 mL/g brain). The efflux of $[^3H]$choline was inhibited by unlabeled choline in a dose-dependent manner and was significantly inhibited by cationic substrates, such as hemicholinium-3 and tetraethylammonium (TEA). These results suggest that the BBB may act as an efflux pump for choline to reduce the excessive choline concentration in the brain interstitial fluid.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.189-194
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• 2021

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is characterized by the persistent accumulation of interstitial fluid in the peripheral tissues after treatment for breast cancer. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is widely used as supportive care for patients with BCRL. A search was performed in the PubMed database to find relevant articles published over the last 20 years. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of PBM therapy on BCRL were included. A total of 24 studies were identified through the PubMed database. Seven studies were used for the final analysis, after excluding items that did not meet the duplication and inclusion criteria. Although PBM showed some improvement in reducing arm circumference and the symptoms related to BCRL, the results of the meta-analysis did not show any significant benefit in alleviating lymphedema. Further studies are needed with the recruitment of more participants to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of PBM in the management of BCRL.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.405-415
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of inclusion bodies in the tissues as well as to observe the general histopathological lesions of dogs infected with canine distemper. And also, the reliability of diagnostic values of inclusion bodies and the distribution of viral antigen in tissues were inspected by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Pneumonia observed in dogs infected with canine distemper virus was classified into interstitial, broncho-, and broncho-interstitial pneumonia histopathologically. Each occurring ratio was 35, 45 and 20%. 2. Histopathological classification of the canine distemper encephalitis was 20% in acute, 60% in subacute, and 20% in chronic encephalitis, respectively. 3. The organs in which inclusion bodies were predominantly distributed were stomach(82.6%), cerebellum(62.9%), lung(62.1%), cerebrum(50.0%), urinary bladder (46.1%), kidney(36.0%) and pancreas(25.0%). Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were mainly observed in the organs except the brain. 4. Canine distemper virus antigens were detected in the numerous tissues as well as in the inclusion bodies observed in the various organs. Antigen detection ratios in the lung, cerebellum and cerebrum were 68.9, 70.4 and 52.2%, respectively. These ratios were somewhat higher than those of inclusion bodies observed in the organs. 5. Canine distemper virus was mainly distributed in astrocytes and ependymal cells in the brain. These results suggested that the histopathologic diagnosis of canine distemper was reliable, and the spread of canine distemper virus in the brain was related with cerebrospinal fluid pathway.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.393-401
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• 2000

To define the postnatal changes in ANP secretion in response to mechanical stretch and atrial compliance, experiments have been done in perfused nonbeating rabbit atria with different ages: 1-day, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 8-wk-old. In 1-day-old-rabbits, an increase in intraatrial pressure resulted in an increase in atrial volume, which was higher than that in 1-wk-old rabbits. Increases in atrial volume stimulated the secretion of ANP with concomitant translocation of extracellular fluid (ECF) into the atrial lumen. However, mechanically stimulated ECF translocation was lower in 1-day-old rabbits than that in 1-wk-old rabbits. Therefore, positive relationship between mechanically stimulated ECF translocation and ANP secretion was shifted upward in 1-day-old rabbits, as compared to 1-wk-old rabbits. Changes in atrial volume and ECF translocation were gradually increased with aging and reached the peak value at 4 wk. The stretch-induced ANP secretion in terms of ECF translocation (the interstitial ANP concentration) was also increased with aging and reached the peak value at 4 wk. The interstitial ANP concentration was dependent on the atrial content of ANP. These data suggest that the higher level of atrial ANP secretion is related to the postnatal changes in atrial volume and unidentified factor.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

In this study, bioelectrical impedance analysis, which has been used to assess an alteration in intracellular fluid (ICF) of the body, was applied to detect intravenous infiltration. The experimental results are described as follows. Firstly, when infiltration occurred, the resistance gradually decreased with time and frequency i.e., the resistance decreased with increasing time, proportional to the amount of infiltrated intravenous (IV) solution. At each frequency, the resistance gradually decreased with time, indicating the IV solution (also blood) accumulated in the extracellular fluid (ECF) (including interstitial fluid). Secondly, the resistance ratio started to increase at infiltration, showing the highest value after 1.4 min of infiltration, and gradually decreased thereafter. Thirdly, the impedance ($Z_C$) of cell membrane decreased significantly (especially at 50 kHz) during infiltration and gradually decreased thereafter. Fourthly, Cole-Cole plot indicated that the positions of (R, $X_C$) shifted toward left owing to infiltration, reflecting the IV solution accumulated in the ECF. The resistance ($R_0$) at zero frequency decreased continuously over time, indicating that it is a vital impedance parameter capable of detecting early infiltration during IV infusion. Finally, the mechanism of the current flowing through the ECF, cell membrane, and ICF in the subcutaneous tissues was analyzed as a function of time before and after infiltration, using an equivalent circuit model of the human cell. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the infiltration could be detected early using these impedance parameters during the infusion of IV solution.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.954-964
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• 1996

Background : The type of the infiltrating cells in al veolitis may be determined by the chemokines in the lesion. MIP-1 ${\alpha}$, a C-C type chemokine, stimulates proliferation and cytokine secretion from macrophages and induces early neutrophilic and later monocytic inflammation in vi vo. IL-8, a C-X-C type chemokine is known to attract neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. This study is performed to find out the relative role of two different chemokines in diffuse interstitial lung disease. Subject and Method : We measured the secretion of MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ and IL-8 from alveolar macrophages(AM), and their level in BAL fluid of 26 patients with DILD (10 IPF, 4 collagen disease, 10 sarcoidosis, and 2 hypersensitivity pneumonitis) and 7 normal control. Result: IL-8 secretion was significantly increased in patients with DILD ($8.15{\pm}4.58$ ng/ml) than in normal ($1.10{\pm}0.93$ ng/ml, p=0.0003). Significant correlation was found between IL-8 secretion and total cell number in BAL fluid (r=0.484, p=0.0068), %(r=0.592, p=0.0004) and No. (r=0.516, p=0.0042) of lymphocyte, and % of AM (r=-0.505, 0.0032). MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ secretion was also increased in DILD ($2.41{\pm}1.45$ ng/ml) compared to control ($0.63{\pm}0.30$ ng/ml, p=0.0031), and showed a tendency of correlation with total cell number (r=0.368, p=0.0456) and No. of alveolar macrophages (r=0.356, p=0.0579) in BAL fluid. The concentration of IL-8 in BAL fluid was significantly increased in the patients with DILD ($40.4{\pm}34.5$ pg/ml) compared to control ($3.90{\pm}2.47$ pg/ml, p=0.0094) and it showed a significant correlation with the total cell number (r=0.484, p=0.0068), %(r=-0.505, p=0.0032) of AM, and % (r=0.592, p=0.0004) and No. (r=0.516, p=0.0042) of lymphocyte in BAL fluid. But there was a no significant difference in MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ concentration in BAL fluid between normal control group and the patients with DILD. Conclusion : From the above results, we concluded that AM of DILD releases increased amount of both IL-8 and MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ but IL-8 has better correlation with the type of alveolitis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.360-368
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• 1998

Background: Endothelin(ET), a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by endothelial cells and degraded predominantly in the pulmonary vasculature, have been implicated in the development of various organ dysfunctions. Plasma concentrations of ET-1 are reported to be elevated in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease(DILD). But, there is no study to establish the exact source and mechanisms involved in the increased plasma ET-1 concentrations in DILD patients. Methods: 12 patients with IPF, 2 patients with sarcoidosis, 2 patients with scleroderma, 1 patient with SLE and 11 healthy volunteers were studied. ET was detected by radioimmunoassay in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) as well as in 24-hr urine specimens. For each subjects, arterial/venous(A/V) ET ratio and renal ET clearance were calculated. Results: Elevated plasma, urine and BALF ET concentrations were found in patients with DILD compared with controls. But, no significant difference was observed in ET A/V ratio and ET renal clearance between patients with DILD and controls. Conclusion: We observed that plasma ET concentrations were elevated in patients with DILD, and that the main site of ET production may be lung parenchyme.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 1994

The chemotherapy using macromolecules, i.e., monoclonal antibodies loaded with anticancer agents hasn't been successful in delivering therapeutic amount of the conjugates. The comprehensive evaluation of mass transfer factors in tumor is prerequisite for the development of the effective chemotherapy. Characterization of neuroblastoma implanted in immunosuppressed athymic nude rats was performed. Its growth kinetics, glucose metabolic rate (GMR) were measured along with the interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), blood perfusion rate (BPR) and pH distribution throughtout the tumor radius. Volume doubling time and GMR were 8.1 days(SD 0.44 day), 23.53 mg/min/100 g(SD 3.54 mg/min/100 g), respectively. The IFP in tumor center was increased with tumor volume, and approached to 3 mmHg (SD 2.6 mmHg) when the tumor was 3 cm high. The radial distribution of IFP, BPR and pH in 2 cm high tumors showed that BPR and pH were decreased, while IFP was increased as the ~ensors moved toward the tumor center. The elevated IFP, decreased BPR and pH in tumor center suggested that the delivery of conjugates might be increased by properly manipulating mass transfer factors.