• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.629-634
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• 2021

최근 일회용품의 사용 증가로 인한 환경 파괴를 방지하지 위해, 일회용품의 사용 축소와 더불어 재활용 비율을 최대한 높이는 노력이 절실하게 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 재활용 관련 정보 제공 및 올바른 분리배출을 지원하는 스마트폰용 애플리케이션 를 소개한다. 본 시스템은 효과적인 사물 인식 기법을 적용하여, 카메라를 배출할 물품에 비추면 즉시 해당 물품의 종류를 자동 인식 및 자동 분류하여 그 물품에 알맞은 분리배출 방법을 현장에서 즉시 제공한다는 점에서 기존의 분리배출 정보 애플리케이션에 비해 효과적이고 편리하다. 이 시스템이 널리 활용된다면, 일상 생활 속 재활용 비율 확대를 통한 환경보호에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2023

This study aims to propose a framework for evaluating the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) services, based on the concept of AI service impact. It also suggests a model for evaluating this impact and identifies relevant factors and measurement approaches for each item of the model. The study classifies the impact of AI services into five categories: ethics, safety and reliability, compliance, user rights, and environmental friendliness. It discusses these five categories from a broad perspective and provides 21 detailed factors for evaluating each category. In terms of ethics, the study introduces three additional factors-accessibility, openness, and fairness-to the ten items initially developed by KISDI. In the safety and reliability category, the study excludes factors such as dependability, policy, compliance, and awareness improvement as they can be better addressed from a technical perspective. The compliance category includes factors such as human rights protection, privacy protection, non-infringement, publicness, accountability, safety, transparency, policy compliance, and explainability.For the user rights category, the study excludes factors such as publicness, data management, policy compliance, awareness improvement, recoverability, openness, and accuracy. The environmental friendliness category encompasses diversity, publicness, dependability, transparency, awareness improvement, recoverability, and openness.This study lays the foundation for further related research and contributes to the establishment of relevant policies by establishing a model for evaluating the impact of AI services. Future research is required to assess the validity of the developed indicators and provide specific evaluation items for practical use, based on expert evaluations.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1485-1491
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• 2015

There are two treatment processes that are currently applied to ships are the biological treatment process using the activated sludge and the electrochemical treatment. However, neither of them are able to remove both nitrogen and phosphorus due to their limited ability to remove organic matters, which are main causes of the red tide. This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of nitrogen removal factors from manure wastewater by replacing the final settling tank in SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) process and applying immersion type hollow fiber membrane. SBR process is known to have an advantage of the least land requirement in special environment such as in ship and the immersion type hollow fiber membrane is more stable in water quality change. As the result, the average in the cases of DO (Dissolved Oxygen) is 2.9(0. 6~3.9) mg/L which was determined to be the denitrifying microorganism activity in anaerobic conditions. The average in the cases of ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential) is 98.4~237.3 mV which was determined to be the termination of nitrification since the inflection point was formed on the ORP curve due to decrease in the stirring treatment after the aeration, same as in the cases of DO. Little or no variation in the pH was determined to have positive effect on the nitrification. T-N (Total Nitrigen) removal efficiencies of the finally treated water were 71.4%, 72.3% and 66.5% in relatively average figures, thus was not a distinct prominence. In being applied in ships in the future, the operating conditions and structure improvements are deemed necessary since the MEPC (Marine Environment Protection Committee). 227(64) ship sewage nitrogen is less than the standard of 20 Qi/Qe mg/L or the removal rate of 70%.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2009년도 공동학술대회
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• pp.425-431
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• 2009

근래에 들어 해상안전, 교통 및 해상환경보호를 위한 노력으로 전자적인 수단을 사용하여 해상 정보를 효과적으로 이용하는 기술이 도입되고 있다. 이와 관련하여 국제항로표지협회(IALA)를 중심으로 한 국제사회는 기존의 항로표지(AtoN)에 선박자동식별시스템(AIS) 기술을 혼합한 최첨단 기술로서 앞에서의 정보들을 수집 및 전달하는 핵심 방법으로 도입하였다. 본 논문은 이와 같은 국제 동향에 맞추어 AtoN AIS에 관련한 국내외 규정을 철저히 분석하여 현행의 무선설비규칙에 포함되어 적용할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 한다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.566-573
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• 2021

본 연구는 스마트 자율운항선박(Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship, MASS) 기술 개발 및 실증을 위한 산학 과제로서 목포해양대학교와 삼성중공업이 함께 참여한 연구가 안전하게 실시되어 질수 있도록 안전관리 절차서를 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 국내 및 국제해사기구(International Maritime Organization, IMO)의 관련 가이드라인 및 해사 관련법 검토를 거쳐 안전관리 절차서를 개발하였다. 안전관리 절차서는 자율운항선박의 관련 해당 당국과 이해관계자들이 시스템 및 기반 시설에서 시험의 안전 및 환경 보호와 관련하여 적절하게 실시하기 위하여 국제해사기구에서 제시한 자율운항선박 시험을 위한 지침(MSC.1/Circ.1604, Annex : Interim guidelines for MASS trials)의 의거하여 개발 하였다. 개발된 안전관리 절차서는 당직체제로 운항 중인 선박에 항해보조기기로 탑재한 자율운항요소기술을 적용한 시스템의 해상 실증 시험을 위하여, 대한민국 연안의 해양환경보호와 항행 안전을 준수하면서, 관련 시스템의 시험이 안전하고 안정적으로 수행할 수 있도록 개발되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2018

In this study, the International Maritime Organization (IMO)'s guideline MEPC. 277 (64) was developed and evaluated for the removal efficiency of T-N in a SBR and MBR combined process. This combined process of resized equipment based on large capacity water treatment device for a protection of marine aquatic life. In this experiment, T-N concentration of influent and effluent was measured through with the artificial wastewater. The SBR reactor operation time was varied according to the C : N : P ratios so that different conditions for mixing and aeration period in mins (90 : 60, 80 : 40, 70 : 50) and two C: N: P ratios (10 : 5 : 3, 10 : 3 : 1) were used. During experiment in the reactor's aeration and anoxic tank DO concentrations were 3 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L respectively. Furthermore, in the reactor MLSS concentration was 2000 mg/L and flowrate was 2 L/hr. Experiment results showed that C : N : P, 10 : 3 : 1 ratio with 90 mins mixing and 60 mins aeration maximized removal efficiency at 97.3% T-N as compared to other conditions. The application of the SBR and MBR combined process showed efficient results.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.473-478
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• 2012

To protect human health and manage increasing hazardous chemicals in stream area, it is necessary to expand water quality hazardous items based on risk assessment with proper monitoring data. Also, it is essential to set up the suitable monitoring frequency to produce reliable exposure data to derive water quality guidelines. However, there has been no harmonized monitoring frequency for risk assessment in both domestic and international monitoring systems. In addition, the monitoring frequency for risk assessment has been selected as 'Research needs' in the International Conference on Deriving Environmental Quality Standards for the Protection of Aquatic Ecosystems (EQSPAE) of 2011. In this study, Cases of UNEP/WHO, EU, European countries, USEPA, ANZECC/ARMCANZ, CCME, Japan, and Korea were analyzed to propose the monitoring frequency for risk assessment. Monitoring frequencies depending on environmental conditions, monitoring object, measurement parameters, and monitoring duration were extensively collected. We observed that a monthly monitoring has been applied at most of organizations including EU, USEPA, and UNEP/WHO. In this study, monitoring frequency of minimum 6 times during 3 years were proposed to conduct the risk assessment based on the current domestic status. However, it is necessary to make agreements among interested parties, and perform additional studies about optimal monitoring frequency to protect the aquatic ecosystem and human health in Korean rivers and streams.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.143-157
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• 2021

세계보건기구(World Health Organization, WHO), 경제개발협력기구(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD)등 국제기구 및 주요 선진국에서는 대기오염의 심각성을 인지하고 있다. 또한 국제해사기구(International Maritime Organization, IMO) 등의 국제기구에서도 선박에서 발생하는 대기오염을 감소시키 위해 다양한 규제를 시행하고 있다. 이러한 국제적인 흐름에 따라 국내에서도 「항만지역등 대기질 개선에 관한 특별법」(이하 특별법)을 제정하며, 항만에서 기인하는 대기오염을 감소시키려는 노력을 보이고 있다. 특별법의 목적은 항만지역 등의 대기질을 개선하기 위하여 종합적인 시책을 추진하는 것이다. 본 연구는 이러한 정책적 움직임에 맞추어 항만에서 기인하는 대기오염물질 배출원별 배출량을 파악하여 정책의 우선순위 설정에 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 선박, 차량, 하역장비, 하역/야적재비산먼지, 도로재비산먼지, 철도 6개 부문으로 분류하여 분석을 시행하였으며, 유럽환경청(European Environment Agency, EEA)과 미국환경보호국(United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA)에서 제시하는 방법론을 이용하였다. 분석대상 오염물질은 일산화탄소(CO), 질소산화물(NOX), 황산화물(SOX), 총부유물질(TSP), 미세먼지 및 초미세먼지(PM10, PM2.5), 암모니아(NH3)를 대상으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 총 7,122톤의 배출량이 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 물질별로는 NOX가 5,084톤으로 가장많은 비중을 차지하는 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 CO(984톤), SOx(530톤), TSP(335톤)의 순으로 나타났다. 배출원 별로는 선박이 4,107톤으로써 가장 많은 비중을 차지하며 다음으로 차량이 2,622톤으로써 높은 배출량을 보였다. 이는 각각 전체 배출량의 57.6%와 36.8%로써 항만 대기오염을 유발하는 주요원인으로 판명되어 이들 배출원에 대한 대책이 필요함을 시사하였다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2017

Recently the global warming caused by greenhouse gas has emerged as a global environmental problem. For this reason the continued efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emission by international cooperation and each country are in progress. Climate changing has been recognized as the world economy development from fossil fuel use is the culprit. The international maritime organization marine environment protection committee of the global warming reduction emerged restrictions on air pollution have been strengthened. Therefore, the author has investigated the effects of fuel temperature on the characteristics of combustion and performance, using an four-cycle, six cylinders and direct injection diesel engine. The results of cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, rate of heat release and specific fuel consumption were increased by changing of fuel temperature.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2008

Aircraft fires due to accident at an airport may be under a special situation. An outstanding characteristic of aircraft fires is their tendency to reach lethal intensity within a very short time. In domestic aviation act, there are regulations related to services coping with the aircraft accidents within an airport. To cope aircraft fires, it is necessary to define clearly the regulations and standards about the services and related activities of rescue and fire fighting, and to keep the regulations and standards. The study has been performed on the basis of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Airport Services Manual of rescue and fire fighting. The objective of study is to suggest improvement methods for standards applicable to actual service practices of rescue and fire fighting by analyzing through the comparison of domestic and international regulations and standards.