• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.75-82
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• 2014

Purpose - Due to the rapidly changing environment, the needs of information distribution are emphasized more than ever before. As information changes to cater to diversity, professionalism, and detailed segmentation, this information is produced exponentially. Many researchers working in intelligence agencies are feeling the need to establish a comprehensive information management and information distribution system in a systematic and more effective manner. Mobile marketing is based on communication when consumers can access information using GPS systems whatever their location may be when they are on a trip. Until recently, Korean companies have been struggling to perform well in the larger mobile tourism information service (MTIS) for Chinese tourists, which is regarded as a blue ocean area. The principal dimensions of the characteristics of a mobile tourism information service were analyzed, and the influence on perceived value and satisfaction was identified. Moreover, the relationship among the variable satisfaction and using intentions was empirically analyzed. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examined the structural relationship among mobile tourism information features, perceived value, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. It is based on analyzed data from questionnaires involving advanced research. A questionnaire survey targeting Chinese students using a mobile tourism information service in Korea was conducted. A total of 230 questionnaires were circulated, and 221 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis, excluding invalid data. The data were analyzed with structural equation modeling with SPSS 21.0 statistic package reliability analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis were implemented, and the effects of the mobile tourism information service features on perceived value, satisfaction, and using intentions were presented. Results - First, mobile tourism information service features have a direct positive effect on the practical value, and do not affect the hedonic value. Second, perceived value has a statistically positive effect on satisfaction. Third, perceived value has a positive effect on behavioral intentions. Fourth, satisfaction has a direct positive effect on behavioral intentions. Conclusion - MTIS (mobile tourism information service) involves personal, social, and technical characteristics. We have analyzed the effects of mobile tourism information service on perceived value, and on satisfaction and using intentions. First, the study shows that the characteristics of mobile tourism information service and perceived value in relation to mobile tourism information service usage are important for marketing in the Chinese market. Moreover, after using a mobile tourism information service, the effect on practical value is more than on hedonic value. We could not analyze the program for tourism information service extensively, and used only questionnaires from Chinese students in Korea. In the future, there should be research on the programs for a tourism information service. We expect to study the MTIS program in greater detail, and to improve the quality and reputation of MTIS through the analysis of its program. We hope that this research will allow an evaluation of the relationship between Korea and China regarding MTIS.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

Purpose - As an important participant in the financial markets, the commercial bank will be impacted by the interest rate marketization. Owing to the special condition of China, this paper tries to explore the impact of operating mechanisms between interest rate marketization and the profitability of the commercial Bank. Research design, data and methodology - This paper applies time series data from 2005 to 2016. Due to the short period of time series, autocorrelation often occurs. Therefore, the fully modified least squares(FMOLS) will be used to conduct an empirical analysis. The reason is that it can move off the autocorrelation between variables and disturbance term. And FMOLS also can make estimated cointegrating parameters closed to normal distribution. More importantly, in order to avoid spurious regressions, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test will be used to verify the stationarity of all variables. The total return of asset is treated as the profitability of commercial bank. The net interest spread is treated as a measurement of interest rate marketization. Both are regarded as dependent variables. The non-interest income or gross revenues and impaired loans or gross loans are treated as independent variables. The sixteen representative listed commercial banks are divided into three categories (state-owned, share-holding and city-owned) to conduct an estimation. Results - Via empirical analysis, the findings show that the net interest spread has a positive effect on the profitability of the commercial bank. More specifically, 1% increase in the net interest spread will lead 0.157% increase in the profitability of state-owned commercial bank, 0.269% increase in the profitability of share-holding commercial bank and 0.263% increase in the profitability of city-owned commercial bank. If regarding the sixteen listed commercial city as a whole, 1% increase in the net interest spread will lead 0.267% increase in the profitability of the commercial bank. Conclusions - As the interest rate marketization, the importance of interest rate on the profitability of commercial bank has become more and more significant. The empirical evidences also prove that the net interest spread can bring about the change of the commercial bank's profitability. Therefore, policy-makers of commercial banks should fully understand the operating mechanism between them.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.37-47
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• 2018

Purpose - In this study, the safety related tasks for low cost carriers' were examined and measures to improve them were suggested. As the air demand increases rapidly, number of passenger has mushroomed in Korea and in order to keep with the demand low cost carriers have played a role. However, low cost carriers' safety related tasks are not reliable level so far. Thus, in this study, the low cost carriers' current situations in terms of safety are investigated, especially regarding how well the ICAO's new safety policies are applied. Research design, data, and methodology - The results of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation' investigation are introduced and field study results are analysed. Current status of retaining experts, staffs, administrators in terms of aviation safety tasks of low cost carriers is compared to those of major airliner and low cost carriers' aviation safety culture is also analyzed by examining the systems and questioning staffs. Especially the culture regarding aviation safety is very important because the culture surrounding the safety tasks plays a major role in every respect of conducting the tasks. Results - Overall the current status of low cost carriers' aviation safety tasks is below standard. Especially retaining experts and staffs is basically below the required level. Also, system and organization to conduct safety tasks are not satisfactory. In particular, aviation safety culture is not settled to operate appropriately. Conclusions - The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and member states are continuing to launch new safety policies in response to the surging demand for air travel worldwide. The most urgent and important issue among the various safety policies is to reduce air accidents. In order to reduce the number of accidents, ICAO decided to reduce the number of accidents by using the Reactive Safety Management. ICAO has to ensure that each member country can implement proactive safety management for aviation safety. A safety management system (Safety Management System) is a system in which each member state implements a fulfillment standard. The current situation and problems of the safety management system for each airline are suggested and proposed for improvements.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to subdivide trade transaction-centered structure in a logistics/distribution industry system to apply blockchain, to establish and resolve with which types of technology, and to provide policy direction of government institution and technology to apply blockchain in this kind of industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted with previous researches centered on cases applied in various industry sectors on the basis of blockchain technology. Results - General fields of blockchain application include digital contents distribution, IoT platform, e-Commerce, real-estate transaction, decentralized app. development(storage), certification service, smart contract, P2P network infrastructure, publication/storage of public documents, smart voting, money exchange, payment/settlement, banking security platform, actual asset storage, stock transaction and crowd funding. Blockchain is being applied in various fields home and abroad and its application cases can be explained in the banking industry, public sector, e-Commerce, medical industry, distribution and supply chain management, copyright protection. As examined in the blockchain application cases, it is expected to establish blockchain that can secure safety through distributed ledger in trade transaction because blockchain is established and applied in various sectors of industries home and abroad. Parties concerned of trade transaction can secure visibility even in interrupted specific section when they provide it as a base for distributed ledger application in trade and establish trade transaction model by applying blockchain. In case of interrupted specific section by using distributed ledger, blockchain model of trade transaction needs to be formed to make it possible for parties concerned involved in trade transaction to secure visibility and real-time tracking. Additionally, management should be possible from the time of contract until payment, freight transfer to buyers through land, air and maritime transportation. Conclusions - In order to boost blockchain-based logistics/distribution industry, the government, institutionally, needs to back up adding legal plan of shipping, logistics and distribution, reviewing standardization of electronic switching system and coming up with blockchain-based industrial road maps. In addition, the government, technologically, has to support R&D for integration with other high technology, standardization of distribution industry's blockchain technology and manpower training to expand technology development.

• Review of Korean Society for Internet Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.78-85
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• 2013

The revelations made possible by Edward Snowden, a contractor of the US intelligence service NSA, are a sobering reminder that the Internet is not an 'anonymous' means of communication. In fact, the Internet has never been conceived with anonymity in mind. If anything, the Internet and networking technologies provide far more detailed and traceable information about where, when, with whom we communicate. The content of the communication can also be made available to third parties who obtain encryption keys or have the means of exploiting vulnerabilities (either by design or by oversight) of encryption software. Irrebuttable evidence has emerged that the US and the UK intelligence services have had an indiscriminate access to the meta-data of communications and, in some cases, the content of the communications in the name of security and protection of the public. The conventional means of judicial scrutiny of such an access turned out to be ineffectual. The most alarming attitude of the public and some politicians is "If you have nothing to hide, you need not be concerned." Where individuals have nothing to hide, intelligence services have no business in the first place to have a peek. If the public espouses the groundless assumption that State organs are benevolent "( they will have a look only to find out whether there are probable grounds to form a reasonable suspicion"), then the achievements of several hundred years of struggle to have the constitutional guarantees against invasion into privacy and liberty will quickly evaporate. This is an opportune moment to review some of the basic points about the protection of privacy and freedom of individuals. First, if one should hold a view that security can override liberty, one is most likely to lose both liberty and security. Civilized societies have developed the rule of law as the least damaging and most practicable arrangement to strike a balance between security and liberty. Whether we wish to give up the rule of law in the name of security requires a thorough scrutiny and an informed decision of the body politic. It is not a decision which can secretly be made in a closed chamber. Second, protection of privacy has always depended on human being's compliance with the rules rather than technical guarantees or robustness of technical means. It is easy to tear apart an envelope and have a look inside. It was, and still is, the normative prohibition (and our compliance) which provided us with protection of privacy. The same applies to electronic communications. With sufficient resources, surreptitiously undermining technical means of protecting privacy (such as encryption) is certainly 'possible'. But that does not mean that it is permissible. Third, although the Internet is clearly not an 'anonymous' means of communication, many users have a 'false sense of anonymity' which make them more vulnerable to prying eyes. More effort should be made to educate the general public about the technical nature of the Internet and encourage them to adopt user behaviour which is mindful of the possibilities of unwanted surveillance. Fourth, the US and the UK intelligence services have demonstrated that an international cooperation is possible and worked well in running the mechanism of massive surveillance and infiltration into data which travels globally. If that is possible, it should equally be possible to put in place a global mechanism of judicial scrutiny over a global attempt at surveillance.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.61-74
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• 2009

Traffic accident risk index Computation model's development apply traffic level of significance about area of road user group, road and street network area, population group etc.. through numerical formula or model by countermeasure to reduce the occurrence rate of traffic accidents. Is real condition that is taking advantage of risk by tangent section through estimation model and by method to choose improvement way to intersection from outside the country, and is utilizing being applied in part business in domestic. However, question is brought in the accuracy being utilizing changing some to take external model in domestic real condition than individual development of model. Therefore, selection intersection estimation element through traffic accidents occurrence present condition, geometry structure, control way, traffic volume, turning traffic volume etc. in 96 intersections in this research, and select final variable through correlation analysis of abstracted estimation elements. Developed intersection design model taking advantage of signal type, numeric of lane, intersection type, analysis of variance techniques through ANOVA analysis of three variables of intersection form with selected variable lastly, in signal crossing through three class intersection, distinction variable choice risk in model, no-signal crossing risk distinction analysis model and so on develop.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.87-102
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• 1995

The education of radiologic technology began in the regular institute of higher education in Korea in 1963. Up to now from then, our education to bring up the radiologic technologists has developed greatly in quality and quantity, and now departments of radio-technology are founded in the 16 junior colleges in March, 1995. This study was done to verify the necessity and propriety to reform the education system of radiologic technology which was run as two or three year system of college curriculum for 32 years since 1963, and to search for the method to reform in the future. We got the following results from this research. 1. In the survey, on the desirable education year for radiologic technologists, 63.9 % of professors of department of radio-technology and 63.0 % of radiologic technologists chose the 4 year system, 27.9 % of professors and 34.6 % of radiologic technologists chose the 4 year system added to graduate school. 2. In the survey, on the future development of radiologic equipments and technique, 67.2 % of professors of department of radiologic technology and 86.4 % of radiologic technologists have a view of "revolutional development". Also, on the future tasks or roles of radiologic technologists 95.1% of professors and 94.9% of radiologic technologists have a view that "They will increase". 3. On the necessity of extension of education year to 4 years from 3 years, the factor is that development of medical technique and machinery and tools, advance of qualification of radiologic technologists, enlargement and specialization of the business of the radiologic technologists, ballance of education year with other medical sciences, international competitive power and cooperation of radiologic technology, and education continuation of the graduates of department of radiologic technology. 4. They suggested that in the 4 year curriculum of department of radiologic technology, clinical medicine, quality control of radiation and radiologic equipment, related subjects to the radiologic application and computer application should be enforced and clinical practice should be extended more. 5. On the device to found the 4 year college curriculum of radiologic technology, they suggested that first, 4 year curriculum should be founded through the variety of educational year, secondly, department of radiologic technology should be founded in the 4 year health sciences college, thirdly, educational continuation of the radiologic technologists should be systematized on the basis of life-long education.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2004

This study was carried out to develop the efficient methods for the subsequent progeny of intersectional hybrid between Oriental and Asiatic lily hybrids. The pollen fertility and germination ability of 3 different allotetraploids (OAOA) after somatic chromosome doubling was ranged from 0 to 80 percent on artificial pollen germination medium. The number of BC$_1$ progeny using allotetraploid of F$_1$ OA-hybrid as male and female parent was different. The efficiency of BC$_1$ progeny production was increased when F$_1$OA-hybrids was used as male rather than as female parent. And in back crosses of F$_1$ OA-hybrids with the Asiatic and Oriental hybrids, Asiatic hybrids showed higher efficiency on BC$_1$ progeny production. The ploidy level between 2x or 4x Asiatic hybrid and allotetraploid F$_1$ OA-hybrid was determined and showed higher progeny production in 2x-4x crosses rather than 4x-4x.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2018

Harmony search algorithm (HSA), developed by Hydrosystem lab. in Korea University in 2001, was a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm inspired by the iterative improvision process of Jazz music players where the best harmony is eventually produced. HSA is now one of the most well-known meta-heuristic algorithms (as proven by its cited number of the first published paper more than 3,600 times as of January 11th 2018 based on Google Scholar citation) and has been applied to diverse research domains such as not only water resources and civil engineering but also in medical science, business, and humanities. This paper is a review article written with the wish for wider application of HSA and other optimization algorithms, especially in the domain of water resources engineering. Therefore, this paper first briefly introduces the mechanism and operators of HSA and then reviews its application area and citation frequency per research domain. In addition, recent globalization of HSA will be investigated and summarized by checking the current status of related international conferences and on-going research projects. After reviewing previous domestic papers with optimization algorithms specifically published in the water resources domain, this paper is finalized by delivering some suggestions to encourage the application of optimization algorithms including HSA.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

The needs for ecological engineering, which can design ecosystems that integrate human society and their natural environment for the benefit of both, has increased. The Korean Society of Ecology and Infrastructure Engineering (KSEIE) was established for this purpose and has contributed to the research and development of theories and technologies in related fields. However, the current state of educational services and contents of ecological engineering is still needed to be standardized and systematized. In this paper, we outlined the trends of ecological engineering education at international and domestic levels and proposed a sample services and curriculum, brought from the discussions and suggestions made during the forum, Founding the Education for Ecological Engineering, held by the KSEIE. Education of ecological engineering can nurture people who can design and manage ecosystems for the benefits of human and natural society and can restore ecosystems disturbed artificially. The services and curriculum have to meet and cover the challenges facing the future of ecological engineering; a. the ethical interpretation of the balance between human and nature, b. developing and strengthening its relationship with other scientific disciplines and societies - business, policy, education, and practitioners, c. identify and fuse the key ecological engineering principles into other discipline. We proposed a three layers curriculum system, basic (mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, etc.), core (ecology, hydrology, engineering, etc.), and advanced subjects. The first two can belong to an undergraduate program and the last two can be put into graduate program. The selection of subjects is according to the purpose and needs of the major.