• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.1-46
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• 2020

Since its inception in 1979, 174 research papers on international business have been published in "Asia Pacific Journal of Small Business." In this paper, those literatures on international business of small/medium-sized enterprises and venture companies were reviewed and critically assessed. In this respect, research papers on international business were analyzed in the order of author, publication year, detailed research area, research method and main arguments and implications. Based on the data, this paper summarizes how frequently international business papers have been published, what detailed topics of international business have been covered, what research methods have been adopted, and which of the papers in each detailed research area of international business have special meanings. In addition, based on the results of analysis, this paper also drew suggestions on what efforts and changes should be made in future researches on international business activities of small/medium-sized enterprises and venture companies.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.332-338
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• 2021

Civil aviation cybersecurity challenges are global in nature and must be addressed using global best practices and the combined efforts of all stakeholders. This requires the development of comprehensive international strategies and detailed plans for their implementation, with appropriate resources. It is important to build such strategies on a common methodology that can be applied to civil aviation and other interrelated critical infrastructure sectors. The goal of the study was to determine the methodological basis for developing an international civil aviation cybersecurity strategy, taking into account existing experience in strategic planning at the level of international specialized organizations. The research was conducted using general scientific and theoretical research methods: observation, description, formalization, analysis, synthesis, generalization, explanation As a result of the study, it was established the specifics of the approach to formulating strategic goals in civil aviation cybersecurity programs in the documents of intergovernmental and international non-governmental organizations in the aviation sphere, generally based on a comprehensive vision of cybersecurity management. A comparative analysis of strategic priorities, objectives, and planned activities for their implementation revealed common characteristics based on a single methodological sense of cybersecurity as a symbiosis of five components: human capacity, processes, technologies, communications, and its regulatory support. It was found that additional branching and detailing of priority areas in the strategic documents of international civil aviation organizations (by the example of Cybersecurity Strategy and Cybersecurity Action Plan) does not always contribute to compliance with a unified methodological framework. It is argued that to develop an international civil aviation cybersecurity strategy, it is advisable to use the methodological basis of the Cyber Security Index.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1926-1933
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• 2019

Background: Physical therapy has been widely studied in various fields, however, the academic trends and characteristics has not been systematically analyzed. Semantic network analysis is used as an approach for this study. Objective: To explore academic trends and knowledge system in the physiotherapy research in the Journal of International Academy Physical Therapy (J of IAPTR) Study design : Literature review Method: Semantic network analysis was conducted using the titles of 272 articles published in the Journal of IAPTR from 2010 to 2019. Results: Frequency analysis revealed following most frequently used key words; Stroke (27 times), Balance (21 times), Elder (13 times), Forward head posture (FHP, 11 times), Muscle activity (9 times). The relationship between the presented keywords is divided into six subgroups (FHP and pain, walk and quality, elder and balance, stroke and apoptosis, muscle strength and function) according to their correlation and frequency to be used together. Conclusion: The study is considered to be of help to researchers who want to identify research trends in physiotherapy.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.46-58
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper analyzes how Research and Development (R&D) cartelization and Research Joint Ventures (RJV) affect firms that engage in Cournot competition in their product market using a model in which the Home and Foreign firm produce differentiated products and export their total output to a third country's market. Design/Methodology - In a two-stage game, research expenditures incurred in the first stage improve product quality and are subject to various degrees of spillovers. We consider four different scenarios. Findings - In a symmetric equilibrium we observe the following: (i) an RJV that cooperates in R&D decision yields the highest R&D expenditure. However, the scenario which yields the lowest expenditure depends on the extent of differentiation between the goods and the degree of spillovers; (ii) RJV cartelization yields the highest product quality, output, and consumer surplus in the third country; however, the lowest is produced by R&D competition if spillovers are strong and by R&D cartelization if spillovers are weak; and (iii) each firm's profit is at its minimum in R&D competition and its maximum in RJV cartelization. Furthermore, if spillovers are strong, the profit of each firm in R&D cartelization is greater than that in RJV competition, and vice versa. Originality/value - By analyzing product innovation in international markets, we can find similarities and differences between process R&D and product R&D in international markets.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.381-396
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to analyze environmental and labor issues and related norms, which are new trade issues that are expanding in bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, and examine the possible impact of these norms on domestic fisheries policies. Design/methodology/approach - In this study, literature research was used as the main research methods. The comparative analysis of international norms and multilateral trade agreements texts related to the environment, labor and trade were conducted. Findings - The new trade norms in the fisheries sector can be represented by labor and environment issues. Since domestic environmental and labor standards do not fully meet the standards of the multilateral trade agreements, it is necessary to ensure that domestic norms are supplemented and relevant policies are newly established through a review of international law on environment and labor. Research implications or Originality - This study confirmed that international norms related to labor and environment in the fisheries sector are mixed with soft norms and binding norms, and each norm is linked in a multi-layered and mutual way. Such international norms are being strengthened in connection with trade agreements and issues.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2020

As FTAs are introduced, greater trade between the countries results in more disputes between parties to the agreement. Disputes in international trade have previously been settled mainly through international arbitration. However, with the recent rise in negative aspects of the arbitration system, the international community has begun to seek ways to utilize mediation for replacing the arbitration system. Mediation is a dispute settlement system that helps the parties settle their disputes on their own through negotiations. The UNCITRAL, which seeks to unify and develop international trade law, amended the Model Mediation Law in 2018 and adopted the 'United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation' in August 2019 to enable the adoption of the international settlement agreement. This study analyzes the main contents of the 2018 Model Mediation Law and predicts the potential for the development of international commercial mediation as a dispute settlement procedure for future international trade.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2015

New results of dependence of magnetic field, trapped by a stack of HTS tapes, on amount of tapes in a stack are reported. Commercial GdBCO tape 12 mm width and without Cu layer was used for the research. Tape was divided in square pieces $12{\times}12mm^2$ from which stacks were formed. Filling factor of the tape was about 1.4%. Measurements were carried out for stacks with height from 5 to 250 pieces and at wide temperature range from liquid helium to liquid nitrogen. Both FC (field cooling) and ZFC (zero field cooling) cooling methods were used in the research. These two methods show matching results with good accuracy. As a result dependences of trapped magnetic flux on amount of tapes for different temperatures were received. Research shows, that with increasing height of the stack trapped magnetic field value reach saturation at about 60 tapes in a stack for low temperatures. From 60 to 100 tapes increase of magnet flux is only 5%. Thus increase amount of tapes in a stack is not profitable. Also investigation of trapped magnet field relaxation was carried out. Relaxation speed decreases with increasing amount of elements. It means that the higher the stack is, the longer trapped flux will be held in cause of the same temperature.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2015

Today, in the course of globalization and crisis, the world needs the new ideas, new variants and ways of development of civilizations. Due to this, the author has developed and introduced own research (know-how) without world's analogue. The main purpose of this research is to transfer Turkestan in the spiritual center (mega polis) of the international level. For the first time in history, as an example of one region, two large cardinal problems had been connected, i.e. on the one hand spiritual and cultural development of the society, on the other hand new 6th technological way to show to the world opportunity of Kazakhstan new model of spiritual-innovative development. After realization of this research the status of Kazakhstan will strengthen at international level. This workout is devoted to all people, especially to the youth - as future of our country.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.31
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• pp.59-78
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to discuss the excepted perils of carriers, to expose moot points arising from the applications of the excepted perils of the carriers, and then to suggests improvements them. The methodology of this research depended largely upon a combination of the related precedents, international treaties related to the excepted perils of carriers. The excepted perils of carriers in marine carriage begin with extremely limited perils based on the receptum liabilities and the absolute liability principle in English common law. Proceed via the intemperate expansion of the excepted perils by the widespread diffusion of the principle of free contract. but via the American Harter Act, The Hague Rules, The Hague Visby Rules, and The Hamburg Rules Came contracted. This study conducted an analysis of the excepted perils for the carriers and suggests improvements in them but it remains regrettable that we are not in a position to sustain them since we are lacking is precedents connected with The Hamburg rules.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.89-99
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this research was to examine the regulation and distribution channel of second-hand goods in cross-border trade in order to propose methods of protecting consumers through the international standardization of the intensifying second-hand trade and resource recycling. Research design, data, methodology - This study first defines several concepts relevant to research in international second-hand goods. Second, a questionnaire and interviews were conducted with manufacturers of second-hand toner cartridges and automobile parts to identify the current status of export and manufacturing. Results - The study proposes the international standardization of second-hand goods and waste to protect consumers and promote efficient resource recycling. Conclusions - The results of the study reveal that second-hand goods (except automobiles) do not have an HSK code to use for import/export data collection. Though used car exports are declining, used cars are increasing. Collecting data on used car parts is impossible because the buyers purchase and ship the second-hand parts.