• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.217-226
• /
• 2018

International major container terminals are trying to expand automation facilities in order to dominate the competition and grow as central harbors. Recently, system design and development were put underway to fully integrate automation systems in container terminals. This is because it can focus on improving the efficiency of the yard operations in container terminals and facilitates integration with other container terminal operation processes. Automation in the container terminal business today is essential to better serve customers and improve profitability. Real-time position and status of container handling equipment (CHE) have been required for more efficient terminal operations and consequently higher productivity. This study examined the real-time location and status of the container terminal automation equipment using DGPS in container terminals, and reviewed the components and functions of the container terminal automation yard equipment systems that developed, applied, and operated the automation systems. In addition, this study compared the existing yard system and the automation yard system and presented application methods. Also, the results revealed that the productivity of the container terminal and the efficiency of the transportation equipment can be further increased when the optimal yard automation transportation equipment system is used to efficiently operate the transportation equipment, which is the core equipment of the container terminal.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.488-493
• /
• 2020

In this study, we sought to establish a vessel-discharge pollutant-treatment system recommended by IMO by first investigating advanced facilities overseas to help us understand and evaluate our domestic facility and needs. IMO recommends the installation and operation of port pollutant-storage facilities to adequately treat pollutants emitted by ships entering the port, and we reviewed the registration and operation of these facilities in IMO member countries, focusing on the IIII Code. Due to recent environmental regulations, additional facilities are required to treat the washing water discharged from equipment such as scrubbers mounted on the ship so pollutant-storage facilities must be established. Currently, Korea's ship-discharged wastes are being moved from ports to land waste-treatment plants, and their quantity and properties are not being monitored. Therefore, in this study, we improved monitoring of the discharged pollutants and investigated the proper arrangement of pollutant storage facilities as recommended by IMO. The system we established can help provide smooth service to incoming ships - and appropriate treatment of pollutants and will greatly benefit international maritime operations.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 2023

Maritime transport is dominant in the overall volume of all international transportation. Existence and overcoming of problems, which cause pressure on shipping safety, remain actual and fully concern both maritime and inland transport. Increasing speed and cargo capacity of the ships along with the reduction of crew members lead to the automation of a growing number of work processes, which indicates the need to actively introduce appropriate measures in the security system of sea-going ships and commercial ports and to develop modern approaches to minimize negative events and incidents in the process of ship operation. Advantages in use of modern methods of monitoring the safety of ship operations, management of possible events and incidents, including investigation of accidents, first, aimed at prevention of negative occurrences and ways of prevention on this basis. Considering statistics on incidents increase, this work presents analysis of general ship accident rate, study of major accidental events growth annually, and investigation of causes of incidents, which most frequently occur in port waters and at open sea. A survey of current approaches to ensuring the safety of shipping by implementing effective tools, such as event and incident management, has been conducted.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2012

In spite of today's rapid growth of world cruise industry, little academic attention has yet been given to the decision making problems for cruise operations. This research deals with strategic cruise itinerary planning that any cruise company should face. Increasing demands for international itineraries and redeployments of cruise ships are adding complexity to the itinerary planning. A slight modification of the conventional PERT/CPM network is adopted. to cope with this complexity systematically. By this, the concept of candidate itinerary network is suggested for each cruise ship. To integrate these candidate itinerary networks for each ship in a single framework, an integer programming model has been developed to find the optimal itinerary planning for any fleet of cruise ships. A numerical example, based on real cruise itinerary practices, is tested to validate and interpret the model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.141-144
• /
• 2006

The deviations in the injection orbital parameters, resulting from launcher dispersions, need to be estimated and used for autonomous satellite operations. For the proposed small satellite mission of the university there will be two GPS receivers onboard the satellite to provide the instantaneous orbital state to the onboard data handling system. In order to meet the power requirements, the satellite will be sun-tracking whenever there is no imaging operation. For imaging activities, the satellite will be maneuvered to nadir-pointing mode. Due to such different modes of orientation the geometry for the GPS receivers will not be favorable at all times and there will be instances of poor geometry resulting in no output from the GPS receivers. Onboard the satellite, the orbital information should be continuously available for autonomous switching on/off of various subsystems. The paper presents the strategies to make use of small arcs of data from GPS receivers to compute the mean orbital parameters and use the updated orbital parameters to calculate the position and velocity whenever the same is not available from GPS receiver. Thus the navigation message from the GPS receiver, namely the position vector in Earth-Centered-Earth-Fixed (ECEF) frame, is used as measurements. As for estimation, two techniques - (1) batch least squares method, and (2) Kalman Filter method are used for orbit estimation (in real time). The performance of the onboard orbit estimation has been assessed based on hardware based multi-channel GPS Signal simulator. The results indicate good converge even with short arcs of data as the GPS navigation data are generally very accurate and the data rate is also fast (typically 1Hz).

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.519-526
• /
• 2013

In managing shipping business, the concept of seaworthiness of the vessel has developed in accordance with the development of the shipping industry. However, despite of the development of the vessel's seaworthiness, marine accident has continuously occurred at sea. International Maritime Organization(IMO) has paid attention to the research and investigation of Human Error in shipping operations in addition to physical seaworthiness of the vessel. In 1994, IMO adopted the "International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention(ISM code)" of "SOLAS 1974" Annex, to take countermeasure against this human error. In 1999, Korea adopted the 'ISM Code' and then enacted the Maritime Safety Act (previously Maritime Traffic Safety Act). The Maritime Safety Act regulates necessary qualifications of the Human Resources of shipping companies for establishment and implementation of the safety management system. However, there has been a discrepancy between shipowners and ship management companies in interpreting the legislative texts, finally causing confusion. In this paper, I would like to examine the deficiencies in the regulation on the standard of qualifications of the Designated Person under the Maritime Safety Act and thereby suggest any possible improvements in it.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.10 no.1 s.38
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2007

Along with the opening of the high speed railroad in 2004, the number of long tunnels constructed is increasing and will be continued. In this respect, the fro inside the tunnels is a main cause of drastic damages to both facilities and lives of passengers on board, especially more severe consequences are expected if the fire occurs on a train in urban area. Even though, the threat to human lives due to the increasing number of tong tunnels and increasing train operation times inside such tunnels is getting bigger, the studies to measure safety of the tunnel and to enhance the safety of passengers have not been carried out enough in Korea. Therefore, in this paper, we will use the probabilistic method to predict the average number of deaths of passengers in case of fire on a train iii tunnel, and show the potential risk to passengers which can be a guide for safer design of tunnels to be constructed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 1997

From the beginning of 1990s , also in the shipping industry, especially liner shipping industry competition has been more intensive and difference of the service quality among shipping companies has been learned . On the other hand, a shipping company has some limitations to do its international mission for itself just by broadening service area. For this reason, the necessity for the global strategi alliance among the shipping companies, which is orginally aimed at sharing of facilities and organixation, has been developed. Through strategic alliance, liner shipping companies do not need to input the additional capitals to increase the material assets such as vessel capacity and spread the risk by the enlargement of the market. Also, they can secure the competitive edge through efficient utilizaton of assets. The purpose of strategic alliance of Hanjin Shipping Ltd., can be summarized as follows ; broadening of service area, cost reduction through vessel sharing, realization of rationalized shipping service by terminal and equipment or facilities sharing. Liner strategic alliances are agreement among liner companies to pol their equipment , andterminals for joint operations and services in which each alliance partner continues to serve its market using jointly operated or used inland feeders,inland terminals, port terminals, and mainline fleets of ship as well as joint pools of containers and equipment. Strategic alliances are generally more formal agreements than consortia and impose longer term and far reaching obligation on their members. It also acts as one in developing and advancing the strategic aims of the alliance members. The most important objective for liner strategic alliances is cost reduction and improvement in capital asset utilization. Main aims of strategic alliance drawn in this paper, can be enumerated follows : 1. improvements in service frequency and quality : 2. improvements in vessel and equipment utilization and thereby reductions in fixed and variable cost ; 3. improvements in market shares and high value cargo booking ; 4. reductions in intermodal storage and port terminal throughput costs ; 5. improvements in negotiating powers with ports and feeder transport providers ; 6. reduction in financial and other fixed costs such as insurance; 7. coordination and integration of MIS and EDI systems and service for greater efficiency and market penetration ; and, 8. improvements in logistic chain management and economic of scale by equipment depot, terminal, and vessel sharing.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.268-276
• /
• 2015

A ship's sailing route or plan is determined by the master as the decision maker of the vessel, and depends on the characteristics of the navigational environment and the conditions of the ship. The trajectory, which appears as a result of the ship's navigation, is monitored and stored by a Vessel Traffic Service center, and is used for an analysis of the ship's navigational pattern and risk assessment within a particular area. However, such an analysis is performed in the same manner, despite the different navigational environments between coastal areas and the harbor limits. The navigational environment within the harbor limits changes rapidly owing to construction of the port facilities, dredging operations, and so on. In this study, a support vector machine was used for processing and modeling the trajectory data. A K-fold cross-validation and a grid search were used for selecting the optimal parameters. A complicated traffic route similar to the circumstances of the harbor limits was constructed for a validation of the model. A group of vessels was composed, each vessel of which was given various speed and course changes along a specified route. As a result of the machine learning, the optimal route and voyage data model were obtained. Finally, the model was presented to Vessel Traffic Service operators to detect any anomalous vessel behaviors. Using the proposed data modeling method, we intend to support the decision-making of Vessel Traffic Service operators in terms of navigational patterns and their characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.4349-4356
• /
• 2015

This study examine operating system for eco-friendly container terminal and shows the usefulness of the Importance-performance analysis grid in evaluating container terminal operating technology. Importance-performance analysis enables management to evaluate and identify the major strengths and weaknesses of eco-friendly container terminal operating technology's key success factors. This study identified a list of 20 items from the eco-friendly container terminal literature reviews, and each item was rated using a 5-point Likert scale. Responses were obtained from 250 questionnaires. The importance-performance grid shows that 13 items fall into the "Keep up the good work" quadrant, 2 items fall into the "Concentrate here" quadrant, 2 items fall into the "Low priority" quadrant, and 3 items fall into the "Possible overkill" quadrant. The findings suggest that an eco-friendly container terminal operating technology is necessary to enhance eco-friendly operating system. The results are useful in identifying areas for strategic focus to help container terminal managers develop eco-friendly container terminal operating technology strategies.