• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.431-438
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• 2004

Medical ultrasonic imaging is a useful imaging facility known to be most safe and easy. It enables physicians to observe the inside structures of the bodies, blood flow, and motions of internal organs. Some physical properties of biologic tissues can also be estimated from backscattered sounds. However, the ultrasonic pulses interrogating the living organisms leave their footprints in the returning signals during imaging. Some significant details are buried in the footprints and their overlaps from adjacent particles. These distortions also decrease the quality of the images. Many research efforts have been made to enhance the image quality and to recover the acoustic information in various ways. In this study, a new interrogation method based on the wavelet and subband filter bank is proposed. It adopts the subband wavelet filters satisfying the perfect-reconstruction (PR) conditions as the interrogating pulses to restore the details useful in tissue characterization and to enhance the image quality. The proposed method was applied to two types of simulations of ultrasonic imaging. The results showed its ability to restore the detailsin the simulated interrogation of biologic tissues, and verified the improved image quality in the simulated imaging of general ultrasonic phantom compared with the conventional method.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-95
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• 2010

Background and Purpose : By preventing diseases caused by exogenous evil, disorder of internal organs, and seven modes of emotions and adapting to mother nature when the mind is unsettled, and keeping the body and mind relaxed diseases can be avoided, but there can be unpredicted situations caused accidentally by stroke. Currently the general prescription is regulating the flow of vital energy including drugs eliminating blood stasis. Even though the stroke is resulted from diseases caused by exogenous evil, by observing the patient's physical appearance, essence of life, vital energy, and mental faculties which are believed to be the functions of the heart to clear the upper body and invigorate the functions of the spleen and stomach and purge with drugs of warm nature is a closer approach than simply prescribing vital energy regulating drugs with eliminating blood stasis to the main purpose of treatment. Methods : 1) The subject of the study are 2 cases of patients who have visited the private hospital of the person who is announcing the results of the study. These patients have been given a diagnosis of edema or cystoma caused by bursitis in the knee joint through perception or medical examination and were waiting for operational application. 2) Sources related to stroke from Dong Eui Bo Gwam(東醫寶鑑) were used as the general standard of Korean Traditional Medicine, and to promote the understanding the original text and the translation has been given. 3) By observing the whole body such as the patient's usual physical appearance, essence of life, vital energy, and mental faculties which are believed to be the functions of the heart, or partly using the "Yin is even and well while Yang is firm" theory of "Plain Questions" as the background to present the results of the clinical study. Results and Conclusion : Generally the prescriptions from the first volume of Dong Eui Bo Gwam(東醫寶鑑) are mostly drugs eliminating stagnated blood including extravasated blood and the blood moving sluggishly in circulation or congested in a viscus, alleviating pain, invigorating blood circulation. Also prescriptions for bone fracture or fracture of bones and sinews are mostly to eradicate blood stasis with drastic drugs or coaptation drugs added to drugs eliminating stagnated blood including extravasated blood and the blood moving sluggishly in circulation or congested in a viscus, alleviating pain, invigorating vital energy, possessing warm properties for the Xue system.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2010

This study showed the increase of antitumor activities of water soluble E. sinica extract by nano-encapsulation process with lecithin. Five groups of lecithin only group (LO), lecithin nano-encapsulated E. sinica group (LE), E. sinica only group (EO), one negative control group (NCO) and positive control group (PCO) were set for several anticancer experiment and fed into Sarcoma-180 injected mice. The cytotoxicity of LE on the human normal kidney cell (HEK293) showed 14.8% lower than 19.2% of EO and 18.4% of LO. Growth of human liver carcinoma cell and human stomach carcinoma cell as representative of digestive system in vitro was inhibited up to about 85.1% and 87.3%, in adding 1.0 mg/$m{\ell}$ of LE, which values 15% higher than that from conventional EO. The survival rates of each mice group were 40%, 63%, 48%, 33% and 100%, respectively after 40 days of injecting Sarcoma-180. The increment of their body weights of the extract feeding groups was suppressed down to 10~15%, compared to the negative control. The nano-particles also reduced the hypertrophy of the internal organs such as spleen and liver down to 15~20%, compared to those as the other groups. Among them, LE effectively reduced the size of tumor form to 20%. From these results, in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of E. sinica could be enhanced by using nano-encapsulation process with lecithin because of better permeation into the cancer cells by confocal observations.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.583-590
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• 2007

The significance of Han medicine (韓醫學), the Korean traditional medicine, that has lasted throughout the past couple millenniums relies upon Han Philosophy distinguished by its uniqueness. In brief, the specificity of Han medicine is characterized by unity of spirit and body, part and whole. According to this theory, when curing a frozen shoulder, it is usually cured by acupuncturing the area around the part that aches, but also doing so on the area that is totally different from the aching part such as the opposite part of the body. In fact, this can be pursued only through aspects that enable one to realize the unity of part and whole, and a ground for this possibility bases upon the crux of Eastern Philosophy, I-ching(역), such as theory of Five Elements (음양오행) and Three Pillars(삼재). In Western set theory, the issues of Class(부류) and elements(요원), whole and part were independently discussed in the area of mereology, and the question of part and whole was encountered with aporia and paradox since Greek ancient philosophy. At the turn of this century, many philosophers endeavored to pursue academic inquiry to resolve this paradox, especially by Russell and Whitehead through ${\ll}$Principia Mathematica${\gg}$ at the beginning of this century. in the process, there came out a phrase 'Russell's Paradox'. Russell himself proposed a typological resolution as an answer to the inquiry. However, 'Russell's Paradox' still remains as an aporia even till present days. During medieval period, this inquiry was even considered as 'insolubia'. Throughout this paper, 1 attempt to provide an analytic aspect on 'Russell's Paradox' from an unique thinking method and perspective of Han medicine that embodies the concept of 'unity of part and whole'. To do so, 1 suggest a physiological model in the first place depicted by diagrams of Circle 원, Quadrangle 방, Triangle 각(CQT) that portray the logic of Hado or Hotu 하도 which is 'the pattern from the river Ho'. That is to suggest that CQT원방각 of Hado can De a logical foundation that explains the notions of spirit (정신,뇌), internal organs(장부), and meridian system which functions as a solution to the question of 'Russell's Paradox'. There are precedent academic works examining the issue from philosophical aspect such as Sangil Kim's ${\ulcorner}$Han medicine과 러셀역설 해의${\lrcorner}$ Han Medicine and Resolution of Russell's Paradox(2005), and this analysis will further attempt to critically examine such works from a perspective of Han medicine.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2009

Objectives : Whilst hypertension exerts a negative effect on several organs there have been few studies regarding its effect on pulmonary function. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between hypertension and pulmonary function in rural Korean adults Methods : In 2006, 2534 people were recruited, aged 40 to 70, in Kangwha County. We selected 1454(male: 624, female: 830) participants whose pulmonary function results were repeatable. Blood pressure(BP) was measured twice and the average calculated. Participants were divided into two groups(hypertensive group and non-hypertensive group) in accordance with The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Pulmonary function was measured by dry rolling seal spirometry. Forced expiratory volume in the one second and forced vital capacity were converted into percent-predicted values based on average pulmonary function amongst Koreans. Results : The number of hypertensive participants in the present study was 460(male: 205, female: 255) and the number of non-hypertensive participants was 994(male: 419, female: 575). Our findings have shown that the mean values for expiratory volume in the one second and forced vital capacity were significantly lower for hypertensive people than for non-hypertensive people, among women(P=0.002 for forced expiratory volume in the one second, p<0.001 for forced vital capacity volume). Odds ratio analysis revealed that hypertensive participants were more likely to have lower pulmonary function than non-hypertensive participants, again significantly among women. Conclusions : The pulmonary function of hypertensive women was significantly lower than that of non-hypertensive women aged 40-70.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2014

The peroxisome is an intracellular organelle that responds dynamically to environmental changes. Various model organisms have been used to study the roles of peroxisomal proteins in maintaining cellular homeostasis. By taking advantage of the zebrafish model whose early stage of embryogenesis is dependent on yolk components, we examined the developmental roles of the D-bifunctional protein (Dbp), an essential enzyme in the peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation. The knockdown of dbp in zebrafish phenocopied clinical manifestations of its deficiency in human, including defective craniofacial morphogenesis, growth retardation, and abnormal neuronal development. Overexpression of murine Dbp rescued the morphological phenotypes induced by dbp knockdown, indicative of conserved roles of Dbp during zebrafish and mammalian development. Knockdown of dbp impaired normal development of blood, blood vessels, and most strikingly, endoderm-derived organs including the liver and pancreas - a phenotype not reported elsewhere in connection with peroxisome dysfunction. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that zebrafish might be a useful model animal to study the role of peroxisomes during vertebrate development.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2013

In this paper, King Kyung-Jong's strange diseases which had been exacerbated by the Sinim-Sahwa(辛壬士禍) are researched and discussed. The subject will be described mostly based on health and medical records from "The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Chosun Dynasty(承政院日記)" and "The Annals of the Choson Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄)". Sinim-Sahwa had occurred for two years. It is thought that the beginning of it was 'a controversy on a proclamation of a crown prince, Yeon Ing Goon'. At the first year of Kyung-Jong's ruling, August 21, the No-Ron demanded a king's heir be decided as soon as possible, the king asked Yeon Ing Goon as his successor because of his 'strange diseases'. In October of the same year, the conflict between No-Ron and So-Ron parties reached its peak after a dispute about 'regency from behind the veil for the crown prince' at that time. Kyung-jong added that he had a mysterious and heavy disease and there was little hope to recover from it. Some opposing courtiers emphasized the king was in his good health and there weren't any actual diseases he suffered. But Kyung-Jong stubbornly persisted the diseases he had were so heavy that he couldn't get well readily. In detail, he announced his disease had so deeply rooted in internal organs that he could feel some kind of heat and fire arousal form his heart, then rage and resent soaring. Eventually, on 16th, the No-Ron party followed the king's demand, thus the king's health and illness condition itself was gradually getting off the subject. It seems that Kyung-jong's strange diseases was hwa-byung(火病). His symtoms are similar to the symtoms of hwa-byung. Environment he lived, was enough to cause hwa-byung. as a result, Sinim-Sahwa was the event what his hwa(火) was erupted.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2012

Diseased eel (Anguilla bicolor) displayed severe hemorrhages in the gills, and congestion and swelling in the liver. During the epizootic, the water temperature was $28^{\circ}C$ and the morality rates were about 5%. No parasites were found on the gills and skin. Bacteria were not cultured from any internal organs using TSA or SS agar at $28^{\circ}C$ for 48 hrs. Histopathologically, the gills showed epithelial hyperplasia in the base of secondary gill lamellae and hemorrhages in the capillaries. Some cells in the proliferated interlamellar epithelia exhibited marginal hyperchromatosis. And severe vacuolated changes in the parenchymal cells and congestion in the central veins were observed in the liver. The specific amplicon (396 bp) was detected from gills and opercula of affected eel PCR using Anguillid herpesvirus-1 (AngHV-1) -specific primer sets HVAPOLVPSD (5-'GTG TCG GGC TTT GTG GTG C-3') and HVAPOLOOSN (5'-CAT GCC GGG AGT CTT TTT GAT-3'). Sequencing analysis of the amplicon demonstrated that this gene was 99% homologous to the AngHV-1 sequence deposited in GenBank. This is the first report of AngHV-1 outbreak in the farmed shortfin eels (A. bicolor) in Korea. When diseased fish were maintained for 10 days at water temperatures of $32^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$, the cumulative mortalities were 100% and 10%, respectively. Even though the AngHV-1 genome in the gills from the eel kept at $35^{\circ}C$ was detected using PCR, the structure of gill filaments was similar with that of normal fish. Increasing the water temperature to $35^{\circ}C$ was an effective way to diminish the mortality of AngHV-1 affected eel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.935-942
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• 2021

Involuntary movement of internal organs by respiration is a factor that greatly affects the results of radiotherapy and diagnosis. In this study, a moving phantom was fabricated to simulate the movement of an organ or a tumor according to respiration, and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scan images were acquired under various respiratory simulating conditions to analyze the movement range of the tumor movement by respiration, the level of artifacts according to the size of the tumor and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). Based on Windows CE 6.0 as the operating system, using electric actuator, electric actuator positioning driver, and programmable logic controller (PLC), the position and speed control module was operated normally at a moving distance of 0-5 cm and 10, 15, and 20 reciprocations. For sphere diameters of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm at a delay time of 100 minutes, 80.4%, 99.5%, 107.9%, 113.1%, 128.0%, and 124.8%, respectively were measured. When the moving distance was the same, the difference according to the respiratory rate was insignificant. When the number of breaths is 20 and the moving distance is 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, and 5 cm, as the moving distance increased at the sphere diameters of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm, the ability to distinguish images from smaller spheres deteriorated. When the moving distance is 5 cm compared to the still image, the maximum values of the standard intake coefficient were 18.0%, 23.7%, 29.3%, 38.4%, 49.0%, and 67.4% for sphere diameters of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm, respectively.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1059-1068
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using low energy diet with multi-enzymes supplementation on different biological parameters in broilers. Methods: Three hundred Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into three groups (Cont, standard metabolizable energy(ME); L-ME, ME reduced by 50 kcal/kg without enzyme; and L-ME-MES, L-ME diet was supplemented with multi-enzymes) with five replicates per group (20 chicks per replicate) at the start of second week. Grower and finisher diets were formulated according to breed specific guide and offered with free access in respective phase (two weeks for grower [8 to 21 d]; two weeks for finisher [22 to 35 d]). External marker method was used to measure the nutrient digestibility. After feeding trial, fifteen birds (one bird per replicate) were selected randomly and slaughtered for samples collection. Results: The results exhibited no effect (p>0.05) of dietary treatments on all parameters of growth performance, carcass traits, relative weight of internal organs except bursa and overall parameters of thigh meat quality. Relative weight of bursa was significantly (p<0.05) higher in L-ME than control. Multi-enzymes supplementation in low-ME diet significantly (p<0.05) improved the breast meat pH 24 h, digestibility of crude protein, duodenum weight and length, jejunal morphology, counts of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., lipase and protease activities than control. Jejunum length was increased in both L-ME and L-ME-MES treatments than that of the control (p<0.05). Breast meat cooking loss and color lightness was lower in L-ME (p<0.05) than control. Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded that broilers could be reared on low energy diet with supplementation of multi-enzymes without compromising the growth performance. In addition, it is beneficial for other biological parameters of broilers.