• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-75
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• 1997

After examining the viewpoints of the mental cultivation of The yellow Emperor's Internal Bible(內徑), from the viewpoints of The yellow Emperor's Internal Bible, I studied the principles and methods of the mental cultivation(精神養生) which the Taoism School, the Confusian School and the past physicians proposed. And I studied the methods of mental cultivation of the child, the woman and the old by the differences of ages and sex. At the subject of health preservation(養生學) on the basis of concept of relevant adaptation of man to nature(天人相應思想), the mental cultivation(精神養生) was regard more important than the body cultivation(肉體養生) and it was considered that the success of health preservation depended on the state of mind. the basic principles of the mental cultivation is achivement of the mental internal keeping(精神內守) through the state of peace and tranquility without avarice and wild fancy(恬憺虛無). The ways of mental cultivation of the Taoism School, the Confusian School and the past physicians were in the category of The yellow Emperor's Internal Bible. 4. In the previous Jin dynasty(先秦時代), the important theoretical bases and practices to mental cultivation were made. In the Han dynasty(漢時代), the physicians attached importance to mental treaments. During the time from Sui dynasty to Tang Dynasty(隋唐時代), the mental cultivation was made perfect theoretically. During the Period from Song dynasty to Yuan Dynasty(宋元時代), Many methods of mental cultivation were newly created. During the Ming and the Qing Dynasties(明淸時代), the theory of health preservation and the methods of mental treaments were embodied. 5. Studying the mental cultivation by the differences of ages, the childhood(小兒期) is the spring of life. So the mental cultivation of this period put importance to the cultivation of Sh ng(養生). And the youth(靑年期) is the summer of life. So the mental cultivation of this period pill importance to the cultivation of Ch'ang(養長). And the middle age(中年期) is the autumn of life. So the mental cultivation of this period put imporance to the cultivation of Shou(養收). And the old age(老年期) is the winter of life. So the mental cultivation of this period put importance to the cultivation of Tsang(養藏). Studying the mental cultivation by the differences of sex, the man must do the mental cultivation through the dynamic nature(性情) of Yang(陽) and the woman must do the mental cultivation through the static nature of Yin(陰).

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to examine the fitness of zirconia cores that were made by different sintering methods; generic electricity furnace and microwave furnace. Firstly, 12 cores for each group were made by using each different sintering process and attached them to a metal die with silicon. The internal and marginal gap of sintered zirconia was measured by using Skyscan 1076 micro-CT, then it was reorganized by CT-An software. To each samples, we extracted B-L image, M-D image of cutting side, and cross-sectional side of tooth long axis and calculated the mean value of marginal, axial, and occlusal gap each side. Results: 1. The mean marginal gap of sintered zirconia was $36.20{\mu}m$ for EVE, $47.67{\mu}m$ for LAV, $52.47{\mu}m$ for DEN, and $54.63{\mu}m$ for CER. 2. For the axial wall, the research showed the largest value of $63.49{\mu}m$ for EVE, but there were no statistical significance. 3. In related to the occlusal internal measurement, DEN showed the smallest value ($77.06{\mu}m$), EVE and CER showed significantly high value. From this study, it is suggested that CAD/CAM zirconia core which was made in the process of microwave sintering has clinically acceptable values in marginal and internal gap.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.566-571
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• 2012

Marginal and internal fit are very important factor for the clinical long-term success of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). A variety of methods have been applied to the measuring marginal and internal fit of FDPs. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal and internal fit of 2 different measuring methods silicone replica technique [SRT] and die cutting technique (DCT). SRT, the space between die and FDPs were filled with light-body silicone, then stabilized by medium-body silicone. DCT, the FDPs were cemented on definitive dies and embedded into epoxy. The silicone replicas and epoxies were sectioned mesio-distal and measured 4 locations (margin, rounded chamfer, axial, occlusal) and using a digital microscope at a magnification $\times$160. For the SRT the mean${\pm}$SDs fit (${\mu}m$) recorded were: margin $88.7{\pm}22.2$, rounded chamfer $90.6{\pm}25.0$, axial wall $61.5{\pm}21.8$, occlusal $134.9{\pm}30.8$. For the DCT the mean${\pm}$SDs fit (${\mu}m$) recorded were: margin $85.3{\pm}18.0$, rounded chamfer $85.4{\pm}24.7$, axial wall $62.0{\pm}21.3$, occlusal $131.7{\pm}30.5$. The mean${\pm}$SDs size (${\mu}m$) of SRT margin was $88.7{\pm}22.2$ and of DCT margin was $85.3{\pm}18.0$. There were no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of the four parts between SRT and DCT. It is considered an appropriate case to use SRT at fit of FDPs.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.464-477
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• 2011

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to identify recent trends of experimental research by analyzing doctoral dissertations in all colleges of nursing in Korea. Methods: The areas of research, the content, methodological and intervention characteristics used in this study were explored in experimental research on doctoral dissertations (n=132) published from 2006 to 2010. Results: In the issues of research, practice/clinical issues were most frequently used. As to outcome measurement, physiological variables increased more than psychological/emotional variables. Most theory applied in the research was taken from other disciplines, and nursing theory was only Roy's adaptation theory. A large majority of the research was quasi-experimental designs and the number of true-experimental designs was very low. In more than half of the dissertations, internal validity was not described, and the described external validity rate was very low. There were more single intervention programs than bundle ones and education/exercise programs were most frequently used as the source of intervention. Conclusion: Doctoral dissertations need to increase and encourage more high quality experimental research to expand nursing knowledge and to develop evidence based nursing practice.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.398-410
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• 2017

This work presents the design of a dual extended Kalman filter (EKF) as a state/parameter estimator suitable for adaptive state-of-charge (SoC) estimation of an automotive lithium-iron-phosphate ($LiFePO_4$) cell. The design of both estimators is based on an experimentally identified, lumped-parameter equivalent battery electrical circuit model. In the proposed estimation scheme, the parameter estimator has been used to adapt the SoC EKF-based estimator, which may be sensitive to nonlinear map errors of battery parameters. A suitable weighting scheme has also been proposed to achieve a smooth transition between the parameter estimator-based adaptation and internal model within the SoC estimator. The effectiveness of the proposed SoC and parameter estimators, as well as the combined dual estimator, has been verified through computer simulations on the developed battery model subject to New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) related operating regimes.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.60-67
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• 2006

An architecture is a result from representation of design knowledge by architect's creative thinking, and operated only in his internal organization system. Design knowledge based upon the experience that they have achieved in the past as well as the informations they have accumulated over the time. In this point of view, the Schema that formed by problems settlement and process repetitions for the best conclusion, not only play an important part in the designer's thinking system about a specific problem but also appeared by distinctive features. This research looks to achieve a new design method by finding out how architects express traditionality in the contemporary house through schema. This research analyze contemporary house built in seoul of 1990's. The result are as followings. First, Schema is a 'frame' that already exist in the architect's thinking, will make a good guide about express the traditionality. Second, We found out several distinctive characters in the form and the space. The form is divided in five types. It is an condensed form of roof image, the metamorphosis of form grammar, the change of part details, the representation of design principle and the directly expression. Lastly, In the space, it is the borrow of the connection method of inside and external space, the three parts composition of the space, the adaptation of 'Madang' and the Independent composition of the space due to 'Chae'

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2015

Background: The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), which is based on the Demand-Control-Support model, is designed to measure the psychosocial characteristics of the respondent's work, and has been identified to predict health and psychological outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of this instrument and the subsequent adaptation of its scales to the population of Greek health workers. Methods: The Greek version of the JCQ was developed by using forward- and back-translation in accordance with the JCQ policy. The reliability and validity of the measure were investigated in a sample of health workers working in a hospital in Athens, Greece. The internal consistency of the scales was examined based on Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficients, and the validity was evaluated subjecting the items of the three main scales of the JCQ (decision latitude, psychological job demands, and social support) to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The reliability of the scales was found to be acceptable for all the scales, except for the skill discretion subscale. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a slightly modified version of the original construct including several items to more than one factor. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the Greek JCQ is reliable and valid for investigating psychosocial job characteristics among Greek health workers.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.167-187
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• 2012

Organizational growth is achieved through the process of finding opportunities in the environment and establishing a business model with internal and external resources. Bestian Hospital, which primarily focuses on saving the lives of patients with severe burns, has enlarged its business domain through deep understanding of burn patients' problems, including pain and complications during treatments, long-term treatments, skin reconstruction, and so on. Now Bestian is accelerating research for development of antipyretics and cosmetics for burn patients. The success of Bestian has been due to utilization of human and material resources that are essential to performance in the medical field. Also, Bestian properly used a management service organization(MSO) model and constructed an information technology(IT) system for supporting its businesses. However, previous successes do not guarantee continued success. Bestian is entering a new domain with different challenges than it has experienced so far, and how it deals with these challenges will decide its future.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between acculturation and the daily adjustment of Korean-Chinese children to Chinese society. Specifically, this study examined the differences between language factors and cultural factors in the levels of acculturation of Korean-Chinese children. In addition, the differences of Korean-Chinese children's adjustment according to their levels of language-related and culture-related acculturation were analyzed. Subjects consisted of 679 Korean-Chinese 4th graders in Yangil, Shenyang, and Harbin. First, the result from this study showed that Korean-Chinese children in Yangil, Shenyang, and Harbin were more acculturated to the Chinese language than to Chinese cultural activities. Second, language factors and cultural factors in acculturation were distinctively associated with Korean children's daily adjustment variables such as their well-being, internal locus of control, achievement motivation, school adjustment, teacher and peer support. Lastly, this study revealed that using Korean ethnic language and maintaining Korean ethnic culture are more likely to be associated with better daily adjustment for Korean-Chinese children. These results discussed within the unique sociocultural context of the Korean-Chinese immigrant society. This study suggests that ethnic minority children's adjustment and development should be understood within the sociocultural context of their immigrant society.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.35-49
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a resilience measurement scale and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: This was a methodological study. The preliminary items of the scale were derived from literature reviews and in-depth interviews. The data were collected from October 30, 2017 to January 20, 2018, and paramedics working in hospitals or fire departments were selected using convenience sampling. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 213 paramedics in Korea. Results: Through content validity, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, a total of 6 factors and 26 items were extracted, and the total variance was 67.12%. Factor 1 was "self-efficacy" (11 items), factor 2 was "internal control" (5 items), factor 3 was "empowerment" (2 items), factor 4 was "interpersonal capability", (3 items), factor 5 was "social support" (2 items), and factor 6 was "adaptation and coping" (3 items). Conclusion: This is the first scale developed in Korea to measure the resilience of paramedics. In future, this scale of this study will contribute to developing a resilience improvement program based on understanding the resilience level of paramedics.