• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.526-531
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• 1993

Sixty-one consecutive patients with coronary artery bypass graft for myocardial revascularization were retrospectively reviewed to analyze various pattern of postoperative complication and death during hospital stay from Nov. 1988 to Oct. 1992. Fortytwo of the patients were male and nineteen female. The mean age was 56 and 51 years in male and female. Preoperative diagnosises were unstable angina in 14 of patients, stable angina in 28, postmyocardial infarction state in 15, and state of failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 4. 141 stenosed coronary arteries were bypassed with use of 20 pedicled internal mammary artery and 124 reversed saphenous vein grafts. Postoperative complications and perioperative death were as follows: 1. Of 61 patients undergoing operation, peri and postoperative over all complication occured in 15 patients [ 25% ]; newly developed myocardial infarction in 4, intractable cardiac arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation and frequent ventricular premature contraction in 3, bleeding from gastrointestinal tract in 2, persistent vegetative state as a sequele of brain hypoxia in 1, wound necrosis in 1, left hemidiaphragmatic palsy in 3 and poor blood flow through graft in 2. 2. Operative mortality was 8%[5 patients]. 3 out of these died in operating room; 1 patient by bleeding from rupture of calcified aortic wall, 1 by air embolism through left atrial vent catheter, 1 by low cardiac output syndrome. 2 patients died during hospital stay; 1 by acute respiratory distress syndrome with multiuple organ failure, 1 by brain death after delayed diagnosis of pericardial tamponade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 1998

Instead of brilliant advancement of the organ transplantation in the medical fields, laryngeal transplantation still has couple of problems to be solved before trial on human. Among them functional restoration of the implanted larynx is the most important point. Recent advancement in animal model studies showed possibility of solving the main problem. Eighteen cases of canine laryngeal transplantation in mongrel dogs were done in this department. One cranial artery and two external jugular veins were connected. External and internal branches of the superior layngeal nerve and anterior and posterior branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve were connected individually. Only two dogs have lived longer than 4 weeks(4weeks, and 10 1/2weeks) and they died unfortunately due to asphixia caused by obstruction of the cannula. Thirteen dogs only lived five days through 15 days. The main causes of the failure were obstruction of the connecting vein, pharyngocutaneous fistula and the wound infection. Although the result was not good enough to evaluate the functional restoration of the implanted larynx, the implanted larynges from the two dogs lived longer than minimum criteria of long term survival(4 weeks) were relatively good in shape at the time of autopsy. This program will be continued after renovation of the animal lab. facilities.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.353-360
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• 1990

The bacterium Edwardsiella tarda was injected into healthy snakeheads (Channa argus) in order to prove the causative agent of ascite. The bacterium dominantly isolated from 2 cultured ascite snakeheads was injected into fish by the dose of $5\times10^6$ CFU/ 0.25ml, but the same dose of $0.65\%$ physiological saline was injected into the each control. The injected fish was divided into 4 groups such as intraperitoneal, intramuscle, control intra-peritoneal and control intramuscle according to their injection points. Each was composed of 10 healthy snakeheads respectively. Ascites and haemorrhagic ulcers became distinct 5 days after injection, but controls did not show any abnormal symptoms during the experimental period. Edwardsiella tarda was reisalated out of the injected fish's ascite, liver, kidney, spleen and haemorrhagic ulcer on the skin. Regardless of the injecting methods, liver was necrotized more severely than any other internal organ, but both the glomeruli of kidney and spleen were considerably damaged. Necrosis of muscle and a number of leucocytes were observed at the ulcerous region of the intramuscular injected fish. It is concluded that judging from the above results the Edwardsiella tarda is a causative agent to cause ascite in snakehead.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.397-403
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• 2001

Tyroid gland is the biggist endocrine organ which is located in front of trochea. The role of the thyroid gland in the total body economy comprises the synthesis, storage, and secretion of thyroid hormones, which are necessary to growth, development, and normal bodymetabolism. Hypothyroidism is the state of a dificiency in the secretion of Thyroid hormone. This may result from idiopathic myxedema, or distruction or removal of thyroid, or goiter, or thyroid adenomas. Hypothyroidism corresponds to thick lips, dry skin, puffy eyelids, coars hair, megaloglossia, and pudgy hands etc. On one case of Hypothyroidism who was hospitalized for the chief complaints of fatigue, general weakness, coldness, edema in head, neck site, lumbago. I diagnosed this case as dificiency of Qi and blood(氣血兩虛) or dificiency of warm-Qi in spleen and kidney(脾腎陽虛). And then I used Moxa treatment to increase Qi and blood, and Acupuncture treatment to reduce shoulder and neck pain, lumbago. And Herb-med is used to increase Qi and blood, and recover of general condition. As a result, this patient got better more quickly.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.12 no.3_4
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• pp.55-59
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• 1997

Furfural, an organic solvent, is widely used as synthetic component material in producing chemical products. However, furfural has been reported that it shows strong toxicities to human being showing intense stimulus to skin, eyes, mucous membrane and nerve system. It is also known to cause anemia, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure and genetic toxicity in the human being working in the exposed area. LD$_{50}$ of furfural for peritoneal injected mouse has been known around 20mg/kg, but the acute toxicity on aquatic organisms such as fish, daphnid or algae are not well known, compared to those on rodents. In this experiment, we studied on the fish toxicity of furfural using Japanese Medaka (Orvzias latipes) and Common Carp (Cvprinus carpio). We also observed histological changes in the fish organs. The LC$_{50}$ were 12. Smg/L in Japanese Medaka and 21.8 mg/L in Common Carp, respectively. When Common Carps were exposed to 120mg/L of furfural concentration for 30 minutes, blood congestion in gills and lysis of secondary lamella were shown. Though the muscle of caudal fin was not completely eroded, its epidermic cells were shown to be necrotic in various parts. Tissue atrophy and cell necrosis were also shown in the liver of Common Carps exposed to furfural. From these results, furfural seems to cause histological damages on liver, an internal organ as well as on external organs such as gills and fins eventhough the fish were exposed for a short-term.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.309-318
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• 1995

In head and neck region, the critical organ and tissue doses were determined, and the risks were estimated from lateral, posteroanterial and basilar cephalometric radiography. For each cephalometric radiography, 31 TLDs were placed in selected sites(18 internal and 13 external sites) in a tissue-equivalent phantom and exposed, then read-out in the TLD reader. The results were as follows: 1. From lateral cephalometric radiography, the highest effective dose recorded was that delivered to the salivary gland(3.6pSv) and the next highest dose was that received by the bone marrow(3pSv). 2. From posteroanterial cephalometric radiography, the highest effective dose recorded was that delivered to the salivary gland(2pSv) and the next highest dose was that received by the bone marrow(1.8pSv). 3. From basilar cephalometric radiography, the highest effective dose recorded was that delivered to the thyroid gland(31A p Sv) and the next highest dose was that received by the salivary gland(13.3 p Sv). 4. The probabilities of stochastic effect from lateral, posteroanterial and basilar cephalometric radiography were $0.72{\times}10^{-6}$, $0.49{\times}10^{-6}$ and $3.51{\times}10^{-6}$, respectively

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2010

Oriental medicine which is based on internal activeness has constantly been developed for over thousands years and during that time it has encountered Western medicine that has the different system. Because of a lot of different viewpoints of how to understand human and nature, there exist lots of problems to cope with for the integration of two medicines as follows: (1) Oriental medicine regards each person as a cosmos in miniature but Western medicine is based on dualism, substantialism and mechanism. (2) Oriental medicine thinks much of totality as a cosmos in a miniature but Western medicine investigates individual structure and function of human organ and system. (3) Oriental medicine considers that organs are the core of the Oriental medical physiology and makes much account of their functions and their relationships with fundamental texture, but Western medicine gives much emphasis on the structure than functions. Despite of these differences, Oriental medicine and Western medicine should develop mutual understanding and this will facilitate the achievement of the third medicine that is suitable for the primary object of medicine that is to enhance human health and cure diseases.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.124-132
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• 2015

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (purple cone flower) is an important medicinal plant; it can enhance immunity, relieve pain, and reduce inflammation, and also has hormonal, antiviral, and antioxidant effects. Adventitious root biomass of Echinacea purpurea was produced in commercial-scale bioreactors for use as a dietary supplement in the food industry and in traditional medicine. Biosafety and toxicological evaluations of tissue-cultured Echinacea purpurea adventitious roots (TCEPARs) were performed. Reverse mutation and chromosomal aberration tests showed no significant mutagenicity. Furthermore, repeated four-week oral dose tests performed in Sprague-Dawley rats did not show any notable changes in the general behavior of the rats, in the gross appearance of their internal organs, or in their mortality rate. There were no differences between the control group and the treatment group in parameters such as absolute body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, and absolute and relative organ weights. These findings indicate that TCEPARs are safe and nontoxic when consumed at an average dietary level and can be used as raw material for traditional medicine and the food industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.321-326
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to obtain data on safety-in-use of yeast hydrolysate with a molecular weight of 10~30 kDa as a dietary supplement by assessing its subacute oral toxicity in ovariectomized rats. Yeast hydrolysate did not produce mortality or significant changes in general behavior or gross appearance of internal organs of rats. There were no significant differences in organ weights between control and yeast hydrolysate groups. Hematological analysis and blood chemistry revealed no toxic effects of yeast hydrolysate. Neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. These results show that yeast hydrolysate possesses very low toxicity as indicated in a postmenopausal animal model.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 2005

Penetrating neck trauma by gunshot injury involving tracheobronchial tree is rare in Korea. Extensive tissue damage by cavitation, tissue fragmentation and shock wave transmission of high-velocity projectile along with associated organ injury renders high rate of mortality and morbidity. A 28 year old man in military service with gunshot wound in left cervical area presented initial symptoms of severe dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema. Computed tomography of chest and cervical region as well as bronchoscopic evaluation was performed to confirm highly suspected injury to cervical trachea. Surgical exposure was established through a low collar incision; the damaged segment of 3.5 cm length including 2-4th tracheal rings was resected out and end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Bleeding from lacerated anterior jugular vein was controlled by ligation of both ends and a K2 bulllet was found upon inner border of body of first rib, medial to right carotid sheath and removed out. Cervical esophagus, carotid artery, internal jugular vein and recurrent laryngeal nerve were spared. Extubation was done on the first postoperative day and postoperative course until discharge on nineth postoperative day remained uneventful.