• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2003

We tested the capability of the pleasure and arousal dimension-based facial expression synthesis system and proposed the most effective interface for it. First, we tried to confirm the adequateness of the dimensional model as a basic structure of the internal states for the system. Fer it, subjects compared the 17 facial expressions on the two axes. The results validated the fundamental hypothesis of the system. Second, we chose 21 representative expressions from the system to test its performance and had subjects rate their similarities. We analyzed these data using multidimensional scaling methods and these results verified the system's reliability. Third, we compared the efficiencies of two interfaces -coordinate values and slide bars- to find the most suitable interface for the system. Subjects synthesise 25 facial expressions with each interface of it. The results showed that the visualization of two dimensional values into Cartesian coordinate is more stable as an input display of facial expression synthesis system based on dimensions.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.234-246
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• 1999

As an application software in distributed computing environment becomes large, the number of objects to be created increases drastically and the interfaces among them become very complex, The concept of group object resolves this problem to some extent by grouping a set of related objects, encapsulating them and controlling their interfaces systematically. In this paper, we propose an implementation model f the group object concept in CORBA, which is a standard middle ware for developing distributed application software on heterogeneous networks. To support group objects we extends CORBA ORB without modifying its internal structure for the compatibility with existing CORBA applications. And we devise an interface definition language by extending CORBA IDL to describe group objects in a language-independent style, which is one of the most important characteristics in CORBA. Finally, we experiment the implementation model on a CORBA ORB compliant product which supports the Java language.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

The increasing demand for fast, flexible and guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) in core networks has caused to deploy MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) control plane. In GMPLS control plane, path computation and cooperation processes are one of the crucial element to maintain an acceptable level of service. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has proposed the Path Computation Element (PCE) architecture. The PCE is a dedicated network element devoted to path computation process and communications between Path Computation Clients (PCC) and PCEs is realized through the PCE Protocol (PCEP). This paper examines the PCE-based path computation architecture to include the design and implementation of PCEP. The functional modules including Finite State Machine (FSM) and related key design issues of each state are presented. In particular we also discuss internal/external protocol interfaces that efficiently control the communication channels.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.697-702
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• 2012

In this study, unidirectional and plain woven carbon fiber reinforced magnesium matrix composite laminates were fabricated by the liquid pressing infiltration process, and evolutions of the microstructure and compressive strength of the composite laminates under corrosion were investigated by static immersion tests. In the case of the unidirectional composite laminate, the main microstructural damage during immersion appeared as a form of corrosion induced cracks, which were formed at both CF/Mg interfaces and the interfaces between layers. On the otherhand, wrap/fill interface cracks were mainly formed in the plain woven composite laminate, without any cracks at the CF/Mg interface. The formation of these cracks was considered to be associated with internal thermal residual stress, which was generated during cooling after the fabrication process of these materials. As a consequence of the corrosion induced cracks, the thickness of both laminates increased in directions vertical to the fibers with increasing immersion time. With increasing immersion time, the compressive strengths of both composite laminates also decreased continuously. It was found that the plain woven composite laminates have superior corrosion resistance and stability under a corrosive condition than unidirectional laminates.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.205-226
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• 2016

As knowledge workers have increased and information interchanges become more diverse, only the resources of internal enterprise is not longer useful, and the practical use of external information through information public sharing network is even more crucial. But, few studies that use both internal and external information sharing systems together have been conducted. In this research, we carried on the depth interview to analyze the main factors that intend to utilize outside information as well as to share inside information voluntarily. In conclusion, sharing internal information is directly involved with the performance of their job exchanging simple data, past documents, and technical materials. On the other hand, using the external information belonged to several other organizations is mostly caused by the voluntary participants' satisfaction sharing their individual experience through the network systems. Based on the study, we propose the idea that can activate both internal and external information sharing network through the system with user feedback function regarding the customized information, and with the space expansion where people can freely raise their private opinion. We also introduce the plan of the construction of communication systems with various experts, and the development of compatible devices with diverse interfaces.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2018

A detailed understanding of the mechanical behaviors for crushed coal rocks after grouting is a key for construction in the broken zones of mining engineering. In this research, experiments of grouting into the crushed coal rock using independently developed test equipment for solving the problem of sampling of crushed coal rocks have been carried out. The application of uniaxial compression was used to approximately simulate the ground stress in real engineering. In combination with the analysis of crack evolution and failure modes for the grouted specimens, the influences of different crushed degrees of coal rock (CDCR) and solidified grout strength (SGS) on the mechanical behavior of grouted specimens under uniaxial compression were investigated. The research demonstrated that first, the UCS of grouted specimens decreased with the decrease in the CDCR at constant SGS (except for the SGS of 12.3 MPa). However, the UCS of grouted specimens for constant CDCR increased when the SGS increased; optimum solidification strengths for grouts between 19.3 and 23.0 MPa were obtained. The elastic moduli of the grouted specimens with different CDCR generally increased with increasing SGS, and the peak axial strain showed a slightly nonlinear decrease with increasing SGS. The supporting effect of the skeleton structure produced by the solidified grouts was increasingly obvious with increasing CDCR and SGS. The possible evolution of internal cracks for the grouted specimens was classified into three stages: (1) cracks initiating along the interfaces between the coal blocks and solidified grouts; (2) cracks initiating and propagating in coal blocks; and (3) cracks continually propagating successively in the interfaces, the coal blocks, and the solidified grouts near the coal blocks. Finally, after the propagation and coalescence of internal cracks through the entire specimens, there were two main failure modes for the failed grouted specimens. These modes included the inclined shear failure occurring in the more crushed coal rock and the splitting failure occurring in the less crushed coal rock. Both modes were different from the single failure mode along the fissure for the fractured coal rock after grouting solidification. However, compared to the brittle failure of intact coal rock, grouting into the different crushed degree coal rocks resulted in ductile deformation after the peak strength for the grouted specimens was attained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2013

In this talk, I will present two research works in progress, which are: i) mapping of piezoelectric polarization and associated charge density distribution in the heteroepitaxial InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well (MQW) structure of a light emitting diode (LED) by using inline electron holography and ii) in-situ observation of the polarization switching process of an ferroelectric Pb(Zr1-x,Tix)O3 (PZT) thin film capacitor under an applied electric field in transmission electron microscope (TEM). In the first part, I will show that strain as well as total charge density distributions can be mapped quantitatively across all the functional layers constituting a LED, including n-type GaN, InGaN/GaN MQWs, and p-type GaN with sub-nm spatial resolution (~0.8 nm) by using inline electron holography. The experimentally obtained strain maps were verified by comparison with finite element method simulations and confirmed that not only InGaN QWs (2.5 nm in thickness) but also GaN QBs (10 nm in thickness) in the MQW structure are strained complementary to accommodate the lattice misfit strain. Because of this complementary strain of GaN QBs, the strain gradient and also (piezoelectric) polarization gradient across the MQW changes more steeply than expected, resulting in more polarization charge density at the MQW interfaces than the typically expected value from the spontaneous polarization mismatch alone. By quantitative and comparative analysis of the total charge density map with the polarization charge map, we can clarify what extent of the polarization charges are compensated by the electrons supplied from the n-doped GaN QBs. Comparison with the simulated energy band diagrams with various screening parameters show that only 60% of the net polarization charges are compensated by the electrons from the GaN QBs, which results in the internal field of ~2.0 MV cm-1 across each pair of GaN/InGaN of the MQW structure. In the second part of my talk, I will present in-situ observations of the polarization switching process of a planar Ni/PZT/SrRuO3 capacitor using TEM. We observed the preferential, but asymmetric, nucleation and forward growth of switched c-domains at the PZT/electrode interfaces arising from the built-in electric field beneath each interface. The subsequent sideways growth was inhibited by the depolarization field due to the imperfect charge compensation at the counter electrode and preexisting a-domain walls, leading to asymmetric switching. It was found that the preexisting a-domains split into fine a- and c-domains constituting a $90^{\circ}$ stripe domain pattern during the $180^{\circ}$ polarization switching process, revealing that these domains also actively participated in the out-of-plane polarization switching. The real-time observations uncovered the origin of the switching asymmetry and further clarified the importance of charged domain walls and the interfaces with electrodes in the ferroelectric switching processes.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.499-509
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• 2000

When the developers develop the software, the cost and time of the software development can be reduced by using blocks that are implemented previously. We call these implemented blocks components. They provide only the interfaces of component to developers, while the detailed infernal information is being hidden. The components can be used to develop large applications fast and easily. Developers use the black-boxed components that the internal details of components are invisible. But, Developers want the properties and workflows of components to be modified. To do this, the customization technique is needed. The existing customization techniques are limited in the customization of component properties. In this paper, it proposes the technique that can change the workflow of component as well as properties In the business point of view. In the existing workflow customization technique, which is called white box component, the internal details of component should be understood by developers and should be modified in code level. In this paper, we propose a customization technique which using the component interface in black box form only. This customization technique can be used more generally in a business field.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.388-395
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance to deformation under static overloading by measuring yield and fracture strength, and to analyze the failure characteristics of implant assemblies made of different titanium grades and connections. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Six groups of implant assemblies were fabricated according to ISO 14801 (n=10). These consisted of the combinations of 3 platform connections (external, internal, and morse tapered) and 2 materials (titanium grade 2 and titanium grade 4). Yield strength and fracture strength were evaluated with a computer-controlled Universal Testing Machine, and failed implant assemblies were classified and analyzed by optical microscopy. The data were analyzed using the One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test with the level of significance at P=.05. RESULTS. The group $IT4_S$ had the significantly highest values and group IT2 the lowest, for both yield strength and fracture strength. Groups $IT4_N$ and ET4 had similar yield and fracture strengths despite having different connection designs. Group MT2 and group IT2 had significant differences in yield and fracture strength although they were made by the same material as titanium grade 2. The implant system of the similar fixture-abutment interfaces and the same materials showed the similar characteristics of deformation. CONCLUSION. A longer internal connection and titanium grade 4 of the implant system is advantageous for static overloading condition. However, it is not only the connection design that affects the stability. The strength of the titanium grade as material is also important since it affects the implant stability. When using the implant system made of titanium grade 2, a larger diameter fixture should be selected in order to provide enough strength to withstand overloading.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.553-560
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• 2015

Fracture mechanics analysis for cracked pipes is essential for applying the leak-before-break (LBB) concept to nuclear piping design. For LBB assessment, crack instability and leak rate should be predicted accurately for through-wall cracked pipes. In a nuclear piping system, elbows are connected with straight pipes by circumferential welding; this weld region is often considered a critical location. Hence, accurate crack assessment is necessary for cracks in the interface between elbows and straight pipes. In this study, the stress intensity factor (SIF) and elastic crack opening displacement (COD) were estimated through detailed 3D elastic finite element (FE) analyses. Based on the results, closed-form solutions of shape factors for calculating the SIFs and elastic CODs were proposed for circumferential through-wall cracks in the abovementioned interfaces under internal pressure. In addition, the effect of the elbow on shape factors was investigated by comparing the results with the existing solutions for a straight pipe.