• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1108-1119
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• 2015

Multicast communication of mobile ad hoc networks is vulnerable to internal attacks due to its routing structure and high scalability of its participants. Though existing intrusion detection systems (IDSs) act smartly to defend against attack strategies, adversaries also accordingly update their attacking plans intelligently so as to intervene in successful defending schemes. In our work, we present a novel indirect internal stealthy attack on a tree-based multicast routing protocol. Such an indirect stealthy attack intelligently makes neighbor nodes drop their routing-layer unicast control packets instead of processing or forwarding them. The adversary targets the collision avoidance mechanism of the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol to indirectly affect the routing layer process. Simulation results show the success of this attacking strategy over the existing "stealthy attack in wireless ad hoc networks: detection and countermeasure (SADEC)" detection system. We design a cross-layer automata-based stealthy attack on multicast routing protocols (SAMRP) attacker detection system to identify and isolate the proposed attacker. NS-2 simulation and analytical results show the efficient performance, against an indirect internal stealthy attack, of SAMRP over the existing SADEC and BLM attacker detection systems.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.151-158
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• 2011

Bivium is a simplified version of Trivium, a hardware profile finalist of the eSTREAM project. Bivium has an internal state size of 177 bits and a key length of 80 bits. In this paper, a guess and determine attack on this cipher is introduced. In the proposed method, the best linear approximations for the updating functions are first defined. Then by using these calculated approximations, a system of linear equations is built. By guessing 30 bits of internal state, the system is solved and all the other 147 remaining bits are determined. The complexity of the attack is O ($2^{30}$), which is an improvement to the previous guess and determine attack with a complexity of order O($2^{52.3}$).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.244-260
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• 1999

This study was to investigate diagnosis of shoulder pain on cerebrovascular attack patients and treatment effects by using physical treatment and orienatal diagnosis aparatus, as oriental diagnosis equipments, these were used thermography, maegzin and yangdorag machine. as physical treatment equipments, these were used Hot pack, TENS (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), ICT(Interferential current therapy) the results were followed 1. In Sex and Age distribution on cerebrovascular attack patients with shoulder pain, male(51.7%)had many than female(48.3%) and 60s were the top, next 70s 50s 40s. 2. In the reason of cerebrovascular attack and the type of motor paresis, cerebrovascular infarction(73.3%) had many than hemorrhage(26.7%) 3. In hospitalizied period of cerebrovascular attack patients with shoulder pain, the period from 11 to 60 days had almost occupied. 4. Oriental medical diagnositic propriety of shoulder pain by using maegzin and yangdorag machine were not recognized. 5. In measuring passive range of motion of pre and post treatment, improvement effect on Hot pack was not showed, but effects on TENS, ICT were showed. 6. In measuring temperature of painful shouler joint of pre and post treatment by using thermography, the effect of Hot pack was not recognized but the effects of TENS, ICT were recognized.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.135-145
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• 2000

Objective : This study has been made to analysis of clinical type of vertigo prodromic Cerebral Vascular Disease in stroke patients who admitted to sangji oriental hospital department of circulatoty internal medicine in the period from July. 1999 to October 1999. Methods : A Questionaire was done after explanationin details to patients and agreement of patients. The inquire was done as follows. Sex and age, risk factor of stroke, type of stroke, existence of vertigo last three years before stroke attack, the beginning age of vertigo and period of prevalence, frequency, continuance time of vertigo, predilection season and time, factor of causing vertigo, accompanying symptoms of vertigo, severity of vertigo. Result and Conclusion : The existence of Rotation sense(Rotation group and non-Rotation group) and the type of Stroke is no difference significantly but the Rotation vertigo group and non-Rotation vertigo group is difference significantly in distribution. The sixties in age of vertigo attack, previous vertigo before 3 year Stroke attack, irregular in predilection season of vertigo, have a high frequency significantly in distribution and previous period of vertigo has no significantly difference in distribution. One or two per a month in frequency of vertigo, below 5 minute in continuance time of vertigo, irregular in predilection time of vertigo, stand up and sit down in causing vertigo position have a high frequency significantly in distribution.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2018

Introduction: This case report assessed the effects of Korean medicine treatments on a chronic migraine patient who did not respond to triptan. Case Presentation: The patient received Korean medicine treatments, such as acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, and herbal medication, during a hospitalization period. The effects of treatments were assessed with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and migraine attack frequency. The intensity and attack frequency of migraines were significantly reduced after the complete treatment. Conclusions: For migraines, Korean medicine such as acupuncture and herbal medication could be an alternative to conventional therapy.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2015

The APT attacks are hackers created a variety of security threats will continue to attack applied to the network of a particular company or organization. It referred to as intelligent sustained attack. After securing your PC after a particular organization's internal staff access to internal server or database through the PC or remove and destroy the confidential information. The APT attack is so large, there are two zero-day attacks and rootkits. APT is a process of penetration attack, search, acquisition, and is divided into outlet Step 4. It was defined in two ways how you can respond to APT through the process. Technical descriptions were divided into ways to delay the attacker's malicious code attacks time and plan for attacks to be detected and removed through.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2011

Recently, an attack to an application incapacitates the intrusion detection rule, the defense policy for a network and database and induces intrusion incidents. Thus, it is necessary to study integration security to ensure the security of an internal network and database from that attack. This article is about building an integration security system to prevent an attack to an application set with intrusion detection rules. It responds to network-based attack through detection, disperses attack with the internal integration security system through virtual clustering and load balancing, and sets up defense policy for attacking destination packets, analyzes and records attack packets, and updates rules through monitoring and analysis. Moreover, this study establishes defense policy according to attacking types to settle access traffic through virtual machine partition policy and suggests an integration security system applied to prevent attack and tests its defense. The result of this study is expected to provide practical data for integration security defense for hacking attack from outside.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4548-4559
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• 2018

Conditional differential attack against NFSR-based cryptosystems proposed by Knellwolf et al. in Asiacrypt 2010 has been widely used for analyzing round-reduced Grain v1. In this paper, we present improved conditional differential attacks on Grain v1 based on a factorization simplification method, which makes it possible to obtain the expressions of internal states in more rounds and analyze the expressions more precisely. Following a condition-imposing strategy that saves more IV bits, Sarkar's distinguishing attack on Grain v1 of 106 rounds is improved to a key recovery attack. Moreover, we show new distinguishing attack and key recovery attack on Grain v1 of 107 rounds with lower complexity O($2^{34}$) and appreciable theoretical success probability 93.7%. Most importantly, our attacks can practically recover key expressions with higher success probability than theoretical results.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.696-707
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• 2009

Objective : We designed this study to investigate differences between stroke reattack and stroke first attack group to establish fundamental data and prevent a secondary stroke. Methods : 826 subjects were recruited from the patients admitted to the department of internal medicine at Kyung Hee University Oriental Medical Center, Kyung Hee University East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Medical Center, Kyungwon University Songpa Oriental Medical Center and Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Medical Center from 1 April 2007 to 31 August 2009. We compared general characteristics, classification of diagnosis, subtypes of cerebral infarction, risk factors, Sasang constitution, diagnostic classifications between stroke reattck and stroke first attack groups. Results : 1. In general characteristics, age differed significantly between the reattck and first attack groups. 2. Classification of diagnosis differed significantly between reattck and first attack groups. 3. In risk factors, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, alcohol drinking, and stress were significantly different between reattck and first attack groups. 4. Diagnostic classifications were significantly different between reattck and first attack groups. Conclusion : To prevent recurrence of stroke, education on stroke risk factors associated with recurrence is needed. In addition, those who are diagnosed as Dampness-Phlegm need to be well-controlled.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1469-1472
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• 2019

CAN bus in automotive applications does not assign node addresses. When a node is hacked and it transmits malicious data frame, it is difficult to resolve which node is hacked. However, this CAN bus internal attack seriously threatens the safety of a car, so a prompt counterattack is necessary in the CAN bus physical layer. This paper proposes a counterattack method against malicious CAN bus internal attack. When a malicious data frame is detected, an intrusion detection system in the CAN bus increases the error counter of the malicious node. Then, the malicious node is off from the bus when its error counter exceeds its limit. A CAN controller with the proposed method is implemented in Verilog HDL, and the proposed method is proved to counterattack against malicious CAN bus internal attack.