• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the concurrent validity and clinical usefulness of the universal plastic goniometer to measure the range of motion of the internal and external rotation of the hip joint using the three dimensional motion analysis which can analyze the joints and segment movements in the most objective and quantitative method. METHODS: Clinical and kinematic data were collected from thirty individuals using a universal plastic goniometer and a ten camera motion analysis system. Passive hip rotation range was obtained three trials for left and right hip joints using two measure methods simultaneously. RESULTS: There were significant differences between all matching measures of the two measures of internal and external rotation of the hip joint (p<.05). The relationship between the two tests for all measurements of the internal and external rotation of the hip was statistically significant with correlation coefficient form r=.87 to .96. (p<.01). CONCLUSION: Clinical measurement of the internal and external rotation of the hip using a universal plastic goniometer is effective to assess the hip condition. However, application of universal plastic goniometer requires careful attention in more accurate evaluation and research verification of the internal and external rotation of hip joint.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2019

This systematic review compared Korean and international researches on sensory integration therapy in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We targeted studies on sensory integration therapy for patients with ASD published from January 2000 through July 2016. Specifically, we analyzed the papers that used the phrase 'sensory integration, autism' as keywords. There were fewer Korean studies of sensory integration therapy, and the diversity of research topics were limited, focusing mainly on case studies. There was no difference between the internal/external validity of Korean and those of international studies targeting the clinical environment and patients. Further study of a variety of aspects of sensory integration therapy is needed to gain high internal/external validity.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.612-619
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• 1999

Internal and external defects of an inner pulley for automobile air conditioner are investigated in this study. Inner pulley is a part of compressor clutch assembly of automobile air conditioner. In cold forging of inner pulley, the design requirement are to keep the same height of the inner rib and outer one and to make uniform distribution of hardness in the forged product. At the end of the forging of inner pulley, the piping defect as an external defect begins to form at the back center of the billet. The internal crack as an internal defect also occur at the adiabatic shear band which usually has maximum ductile fracture value. It is important to predict when the internal and external defects occur during the deformation process, in order to minimize the amount of discard that is generated. The finite element simulations are applied to analyze the defects. The validity of the computational results are examined by experiments. These computational results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.573-582
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of the Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI), which was translated into Korean for long-term wheelchair users. This index measured 15 functional activities, including transfer, self-care, wheelchair mobility and general activities. METHODS: To assess test-retest reliability, 23 long-term wheelchair users completed this self-administered index twice within the same day. Reliability was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency. To examine concurrent validity, 21 long-term wheelchair users completed the questionnaire, and we examined the correlation between the index score and the shoulder range of motion measurements. RESULT: The results showed that the intraclass correlation for test-retest reliability of the total index score ranging from .88 to .99 was good to excellent. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha was .96. The internal consistency indicated excellent. Concurrent validity showed negative correlations of total index score to range of motion measurements of shoulder flexion (rho=-.58), extension (rho=-.09), abduction (rho=-.59), external rotation (rho=-.07) and internal rotation (rho=-.3), suggesting a relationship of total index score to loss of shoulder range of motion. CONCLUSION: The Korean WUSPI shows not only high reliability and internal consistency, but also concurrent validity with loss of shoulder flexion and abduction.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.169-202
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• 2023

This study aims to develop instructional design strategies included in educational programs that can effectively improve the educational data literacy of pre-service teachers. We used the design and development model proposed by Richey and Klein and investigated its internal and external validity. Internal validity assessment involved the input of five experts who evaluated the initial instructional strategies. We conducted an educational data literacy education program with 29 pre-service teachers from Korean colleges and graduate schools for external validity. The effectiveness of the program was verified by the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, which revealed a meaningful statistical difference between Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test post-scores after the four weeks of online classes. Therefore, this study developed instructional strategies followed by the steps of data-based decision-making: the final instructional strategies encompass 21 strategies, categorized for implementation before, during, and after classes, accompanied by 38 detailed guidelines. This approach bears notable significance as it encapsulates actionable and effective instructional strategies thoughtfully tailored to the unique circumstances and educational setting of the field, as well as the specific characteristics and requirements of the learners.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to explore the strategy of future Korean medicine(KM) clinical research through the study on the proposals for KM clinical research worldwide. In this study, the papers published in English through Pubmed were investigated mainly. Among them, we analyzed the methodological proposals from the clinical research papers that were published in the KM related fields. Various proposals for improving the problems in KM clinical studies are as follows. First, KM clinical research should be designed based on understanding for the theory, backgrounds, paradigms and worldviews of KM. In addition, considering the model validity, KM clinical research model should include the diagnosis, interventions and outcomes measurement methods reflecting the characteristics and real practice in KM. The internal validity and external validity should be also taken into account. One of the most important thing is to identify the contents about various and complex 'real practice' in KM. A prospective observational study was suitable for the purpose of this study. Finally, we suggested a few improvement directions for RCTs studies in KM. First, we would be able to improve the quality and the internal validity in KM clinical research using the checklists of CONSORT(Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials) Statement and STRICTA(Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture). Second, we could use various clinical research methods and the modified research of RCTs such as PCT(pragmatic clinical trial) to reflect the characteristics of actual KM practice. Consequently, we would be able to improve the external validity. Third, the KM diagnosis and outcomes measurement methods should be developed based on an actual KM practice and it should reflect a real practice. The 'pattern identification(辨證)' is the core to KM diagnosis. But in order to be applied to the clinical research, the pattern identification(辨證) should be objectified and standardized. Future KM clinical research model should reflect the characteristics and a real practice in KM. In addition, it should include the advantage of rigorous RCTs research.Specially, the diagnosis, interventions and outcomes measurement methods in KM clinical research should reflect this view.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the Second Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), focusing on its validity and reliability. Methods: The external validity was evaluated by the assessment of sampling procedures and the response rate, in order to investigate the representativeness of the sample. The content validity was evaluated by the assessment of the development of the questionnaire, and the consistency of questions for the selected construct. The test-retest method was used to evaluate the reliability by means of a phone call survey of 30% of the respondents, who were randomly selected. The respondents' satisfaction regarding the survey procedures and interview time were analyzed to evaluate the quality of survey data. Results: The external validity was assured by an acceptable sampling procedure, rigid multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. The content validity was also guaranteed by a reasonable procedure for the development of the questionnaire with a pretest. The internal consistency of the questions for work autonomy was maintained, with 0.738 of Cronbach's alpha. The response rate of 36% was lower than that of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), with a contact rate of 66%, compared to 76% for the EWCS. The matching rates of the five retested questions were more than 98% reliable. Conclusion: The quality of the second KWCS was assured by the high external and content validity and reliability. The rigid sampling procedure and development of the questionnaire contributed to quality assurance. The high level of reliability may be guaranteed by the sophisticated field survey procedures and the development of a technical manual for interviewers. The technical strategies for a high response rate should be developed for future surveys.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 2016

This study analyzes the content validity of descriptive tests developed for elementary schools, in order to acquire basic data to improve them. Various descriptive tests were collected and tested for differences in proportions between two-dimensional classification of educational objectives and the level of behavioral objectives. Results show that the descriptive tests developed by elementary school teachers mainly focused on "knowledge" and "understanding," and that content validity for behavioral levels to be low. Nine elementary school teachers were interviewed to understand the result. From the interviews, we found both internal and external factors that cause low content validity. The main internal factors were teachers' ability to make two-dimensional classification of educational objectives, the teachers' consideration of students' level, item level of difficulty, the ease of scoring, and path dependence. The main external factors were curriculum, parents, and administration. Based on the results, we suggested the factors related to elementary school teachers' PCK of descriptive tests.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the measurement of shoulder joint motions using an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Methods: For this study, 33 participants (32 females and 1 male) were recruited. The subjects were passively positioned with the shoulder placed at specific angles using a goniometer (shoulder flexion $0^{\circ}-170^{\circ}$, abduction $0^{\circ}-170^{\circ}$, external rotation $0^{\circ}-90^{\circ}$, and internal rotation $0^{\circ}-60^{\circ}$ angles). Kinematic data on the shoulder joints were simultaneously obtained using IMU three-dimensional (3D) angular measurement (MyoMotion) and photographic measurement. Test-retest reliability and concurrent validity were examined. Results: The MyoMotion system provided good to very good relative reliability with small standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) values from all three planes. It also presented acceptable validity, except for some of shoulder flexion, shoulder external rotation, and shoulder abduction. There was a trend for the shoulder joint measurements to be underestimated using the IMU 3D angular measurement system compared to the goniometer and photo methods in all planes. Conclusion: The IMU 3D angular measurement provided a reliable measurement and presented acceptable validity. However, it showed relatively low accuracy in some shoulder positions. Therefore, using the MyoMotion measurement system to assess shoulder joint angles would be recommended only with careful consideration and supervision in all situations.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.159-182
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• 1997

This study is to establish the validity of EDI adoption model Korean Companies. The research model is hypothesized in the external factors of company directly affect on EDI adoaption and the internal factors of company moderately affect on the direct effect. The external factors of company consists of economic factors, organizational power factors, and technological factor. The internal factors of company consists of the size of the company, innovative tendency of the top management, and maturity of the information technology. In the result of data analysis-the data were collected from a total of 81 companies in 6 industries adopted variables are the existence of EDI standard, transaction frequency, inter-organizational bargaining power, and pressure from industry association. Also size of the company and innovative tendency of the top management in a company's internal factors were adopted as moderate variables.