• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2005

Recently, it has been observed in the East Sea that temperature increases below the thermocline, and dissolved oxygen increase in the intermediate layer but decrease below it. The layer of minimum dissolved oxygen deepens and the bottom homogeneous layer in oxygen becomes thinner. It emerges very probably that these changes are induced by the mode change of deep water formation associated with global warming. To further support this hypothesis, a one-dimensional model experiment is performed. First, a thermal profile is obtained by injecting a cold and high oxygen deep water into the bottom layer, say the bottom mode. Then, two thermal profiles are obtained from the bottom mode profile by assuming that either all the deep water introduce into the intermediate layer has been initiated, say the intermediate mode, or that only a part of the deep water has been initiated into the intermediate layer, say the intermediate-bottom mode. The results, from the intermediate-bottom mode experiment are closest to the observed results. They show quite well the tendency for oxygen to increase in the intermediate layer and the simultaneous thinning of the bottom homogeneous layer in oxygen. Therefore, it can be said that the recently observed slow variation of the thermal structure might be associated with changes in the deep water formation from the bottom mode to the intermediate-bottom mode.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.192-195
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• 2001

MPEG-4 content is streaming media that are composed of different types of media objects, organized in a hierarchical fashion. This paper proposes scene composition model for authoring MPEG-4 contents which can support object based interactions. And we have developed MPEG-4 contents authoring tool applied the proposed scene composition model as intermediate data structure. Particularly, for supporting interoperability between multimedia contents, the scene composition model should be used independent of file format. So visual scene composed of media objects on the from of scene composition tree can be transformed variable data format including BIFS, scene description from proposed by MPEG-4 standard and also support the extension of capability.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Based on the extended spatial mobilization plane (SMP) criterion, we present an elastic-brittle-plastic solution for an axisymmetric cylindrical tunnel. The influences of the intermediate principal compressive stress and material strain-softening behavior are considered. Closed-form formulas for the critical support force, radius of plastic zone, and distributions of stress and displacement in surrounding rock are proposed. The elastic-plastic solution based on SMP is compared with the Kastner solution to verify the credibility of the obtained elastic-plastic solution. The elastic-brittle-plastic solution following the SMP criterion and the current solution based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion are also compared. The rock strain-softening rate and the intermediate principal stress affect the stability of the surrounding rock. The results provide guidance for optimizing the design of support systems for tunnels.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1351-1359
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• 2012

Due to the development of electric and hybrid vehicles, the trend has changed from hydraulic power steering system to electric power steering system (EPS). In this paper, design parameters are deduced through the structural analysis based on the finite element analysis for the intermediate shaft of the EPS on the market. By analyzing the design parameters, the structure design is improved to support the required high torque on the EPS. The numerical analysis is performed to obtain the improved design of the intermediate shaft model and the analysis results are compared with the existing model. It is noted through this numerical approach that the improved design of the intermediate shaft can be acquired the structural safety and high stiffness than existing model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.818-819
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• 2014

Recently there are many works conducted on utilizing the DIBR (Depth-Image-Based Rendering) based intermediate images for the three-dimensional displays that do not require the use of stereoscopic glasses. However the prior works have used expensive depth cameras to obtain high-resolution depth images since DIBR-based intermediate image generation method requires the accuracy for depth information. In this study, we have developed the simulation to generate multi-view intermediate images based on the depth and color images using Microsoft Kinect. This simulation aims to support the acquisition of multi-view intermediate images utilizing the low-resolution depth and color image from Kinect, and provides the integrated service for the quality evaluation of the intermediate images. This paper describes the architecture and the system implementation of this simulation program.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

The number of foreign residents is expected to increase with the increase of international marriage in rural area and the avoidance of 3D jobs, which is also anticipated to cause various problems more serious. This kind of phenomenon will bring about the increase of the students from the multi-cultural families and a big change in the schools along with the decrease of the students in rural area. Currently, school's interest in and support for those students from multi-cultural families are focused on the promotion of their learning capability. However, I think that not just the support for the students from multi-cultural families but a new space for the two student-groups' smooth communication in schools is to be arranged. Accordingly, this study suggests. The support limited to educational programs for those students from multi-cultural families should be expanded to the school facilities. What kind of preparation should be done by school facilities in the future. There should be five steps of intermediate space with the additional function other than that of communication between Korean native students and those from multi-cultural families along with the utilization of existing rooms and space.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.351-367
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• 2005

Multi-span beams carrying multiple point masses are widely used in engineering applications, but the literature for free vibration analysis of such structural systems is much less than that of single-span beams. The complexity of analytical expressions should be one of the main reasons for the last phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to utilize the numerical assembly method (NAM) to determine the exact natural frequencies and mode shapes of a multi-span uniform beam carrying multiple point masses. First, the coefficient matrices for an intermediate pinned support, an intermediate point mass, left-end support and right-end support of a uniform beam are derived. Next, the overall coefficient matrix for the whole structural system is obtained using the numerical assembly technique of the finite element method. Finally, the natural frequencies and the associated mode shapes of the vibrating system are determined by equating the determinant of the last overall coefficient matrix to zero and substituting the corresponding values of integration constants into the related eigenfunctions respectively. The effects of in-span pinned supports and point masses on the free vibration characteristics of the beam are also studied.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.107-112
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• 2016

This paper presents a rotordynamic analysis of the reduction gear system applied to the 250 kW super critical CO₂ cycle. The reduction gear system consists of an input shaft, intermediate shaft, and output shaft. Because of the high rotating speed of the input shaft, we install tilting pad bearings, rolloer bearings support the intermediate and output shafts. To predict the tilting pad bearing performance, we calculate the applied loads to the tilting pad bearings by considering the reaction forces from the gear. In the rotordynamic analysis, gear mesh stiffness results in a coupling effect between the lateral and torsional vibrations. The predicted Campbell diagram shows that there is not a critical speed lower than the rated speed of 30,000 rpm of the input shaft. The predicted modes on the critical speeds are the combined bending modes of the intermediate and output shaft, and the lateral vibrations dominate when compared to the torsional vibrations. The damped natural frequency does not strongly depend on the rotating speeds, owing to the relatively low rotating speed of the intermediate and output shaft and constant stiffness of the roller bearing. In addition, the logarithmic decrements of all the modes are positive; therefore all modes are stable.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.147-175
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• 2006

One of the biggest problems of Korean economy is polarization of firms for export and domestic demand and that of conglomerates and SME's achievement. One of the culprits lies weakness of intermediate industry such as machine tool. Since intermediate industry is important path where export performance affects domestic demand and whose actor usually is SMEs with high spill over effect in labor market. Especially, intermediate industry Is vulnerable because of industrial policy biased In backward linkage effect. However if a country fails to develop intermediate industry above some critical point, that country would fall in low-tech equilibrium without growth. In case of benign circle where final goods industry growth leads growth of intermediate industry and again it leads that of final goods industry, it can reach high-tech equilibrium. By contrast, in opposite case where in industrialization latecomer fails to link industries likewise above some critical point that country would fall in low-tech equilibrium without growth. Moreover, for several reasons, machine tool firms of Korea have difficulty in catching up technology above critical point. Firstly. Conglomerate demander neglects their product. Secondly, even after success of development overcoming difficulties they fail to get market share for response of dumping of foreign competitors. And the last one is patent litigation of foreign competitors that incapacitate the technology development. For these, Korean machine tool firms fell in 'middle-income country trap' itself, since they stuck in some extent when they technologically catch up. Consequently, for latecomer country in machine tool industry to leapfrog meaningfully policy support is necessary, Weak intermediate industry does not Induce domestic firms and remained fragile. Therefore, localization, policy should reflect condition of technological catch up more than before, in order to be effective and fruitful. There should be turning point over relationship between conglomerates, major demander of machine tool and SME's, for only with active purchasing of conglomerate Korean machine industry can grow.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1003-1015
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• 1988

Damping information is required to analyse heat exchangers for flow-induced vibration. The most important energy dissipation mechanisms in heat exchanger tubes are related to the dynamic interaction between tube and support. In liquids, squeeze-film damping is dominat. Simple experiments were carried out of a two-span tube with one intermediate support to investigate the effects of tube-support parameters, such as: tube-support thickness, diametral clearance, tube eccentricity, tube span length, location of tube-support, and nature of dynamic interaction between tube and tube-support. The results show that squeeze-film damping is much larger for lateral-type motion than for rocking-type motion at the support. Eccentricity was found to be very important. Diametral clearance, support thickness and frequency are also very relevant. The effects of these parameters on squeeze-film damping are formulated and proposed in a semi-empirical expression.