• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2000

$(R)-\beta-acetylmercaptoisobutyric$ acid (RAM), a chiral compound, is an important intermediate for the chemical synthesis of various antihypertensive and congestive heart failure drugs. Microorganisms capable of converting $(R,S)-\beta-acetylmercaptoisobutyric$ acid ((R,S)-ester) to RAM were screened from soil microorganisms. A strain of Pseudomonas sp. 1001 screened from a soil sample was selected to be the best. Cells showed an activity of 540 U/mL from culture broth and the enzyme was thermostable up to $70^{\circ}C$. This strain could produce RAM asymmetrically from (R,S)-ester.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2004

This research developed satellite account for household production to measure the whole size of production in Korea. The standardized satellite account was designed on the basis of Ironmonger's IO table. Results of this research were summarized as follows. First, the economic values of male and female labor invested for household production was 1,560,000 and 5,380,000 Won, respectively. Female input was greater than male by 3.5 times. Second, the expenditure for durable goods for household production was on average 470,000 Won per year. Among the total expenditure, 36% was spent for household management activities, 25% for food preparation and 25% for cleaning and laundry. Results of examining the expenditure for durable goods in total production activities showed that more than half was spent for household production; 54% for household production, 39% for leisure, 4% for sleeping, and 3% for individual use. Third, among expenditure of consumption for intermediate foods for household production, expenditure for food was the greatest to be followed by expenditures for child care, other houseworks, and cleaning and laundry. Finally, the total value of household production in Korea turned out to reach 171 trillion won which was value of 36% of GDP(482 trillion Won) in 1999.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.318-326
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• 1999

Apoptotic cell death, characterized by DNA fragmentation and morphological changes, has previously been shown to occur in vascular endothelial cells cultured with hydrogen peroxide. The present study examined the induction of apoptosis by hydrogen peroxide and whether pyruvate, a key glycolytic intermediate and $\alpha$-keto-monocarboxylate, can inhibit the apoptotic effects in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells(BPAECs). Culture with 500uM hydrogen peroxide resulted in 30% cell death and induced morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. Cell injury was inhibited by the treatment with pyruvate. Pyruvate(0.1-5.0mM), and cell viability increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the presence of pyruvate(10~20mM), the viability was improved to over 95%. In contrast, treatment with lactate, a reduced form of phyuvate, did not protect against cell death oxidative stress-induced loss of viability and apoptosis was examined with $\alpha$-cyano-3-hydroxycinnarmate(COHC) as a selective mitochondrial monocarboxylate transport blocker. Incubation with COHC(500uM) did not significantly affect cell viability in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The cytoprotection by pyruvate(3mM)against hydrogen peroxide stress was abolished by COHC. This indicates that the cytoprotection by pyruvate against oxidative stress in endothelial cells is mediated, at least in part, by mitochondrial pyruvate uptake and hence endothelial enerygetics. However, cytosolic mechanisms related, at least in part, by mitochondrial pyruvate uptake and hence endothelial energetics. However, cytosolic mechanisms related to the glutathione system may also contribute. The results suggest that pyruvate has therapeutic potential in the treatment of oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity associated with increased apoptosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.147-150
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• 2008

Vitamin C ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) as an antioxidant have been shown to have protective effects in experimental neurological disorder models such as stroke, ischemia, and epileptic seizures. The present study was conducted to examine the protective effect of AA and DHA on Kainic acid (KA) neurotoxicity using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC). After 12h KA treatment, significant delayed neuronal death was detected in CA3 region, but not in CA1. Intermediate dose of AA and DHA pretreatment significantly prevented cell death and inhibit ROS level, mitochondrial dysfunction and capase-3 activation in CA3 region. In the case of low or high dose, however, AA or DHA pretreatment were not effective. These data suggest that both AA and DHA pretreatment have neuroprotective effects on KA-induced neuronal injury depending on the concentration, by means of inhibition of ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.185-188
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• 1997

전남대학교 수의과대학에서는 조류 blue-green algae를 먹이로 하여 간질의 중간숙주인 애기물달팽이를 실험실에서 유지시켜 왔으나 조류의 배양에 어려움이 많아서 보다 간편하면서 달팽이의 번식에도 좋은 방법을 고안하고자 노력하였다. $28.5{\times}17{\times}18cm$ 크기의 유리수조에 모래를 1.5cm 높이로 깔고 10개의 꼬막껍질을 그 위에 올려놓은 다음 4리터의 증류수를 부어넣었다. 야외에서 채집한 달팽이의 난괴를 부화시켜 얻은 0.63cm 크기의 어린 달팽이 45마리를 세 그룹으로 나누어 세 개의 수조에서 $20^{\circ}C$의 온도를 유지하면서 사육하였고 먹이로 상추잎을 넣어주었다. 매주 수조바닥의 물 $2{\ell}$를 흡인하여 갈아주면서 상추잎을 바꿔넣었고, 계속해서 공기를 통과시켜 산소를 공급하였다. 이와 동일한 방법으로 실험실에서 조류로 사육하던 17대의 달팽이를 사육하여 그 성적을 비교하였던 바 야외에서 채집한 달팽이의 성장률이 실험실에 적응된 것들에 비하여 약간 떨어졌으나 생존율이나 산란율에서는 큰 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 그래서 1년이 넘도록 이 방법으로 달팽이를 사육하면서 간질의 피낭유충을 생산하고 있다. 꼬막껍질은 서서히 분해하면서 달팽이의 각을 형성하는 물질을 제공하여 생존율을 높게 한 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 수조를 햇볕이 드는 창문 가까이에 놓아두었기 때문에 조류가 자생하여 적은 양이나마 달팽이의 먹이가 되었을 것으로 보인다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.282-287
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• 2007

Chloroanilines are aromatic amines used as intermediate products in the synthesis of herbicides, azo-dyes, and pharmaceuticals. 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) is the degradation product of some herbicides (diuron, propanil, and linuron) and of trichlorocarbanilide, a chemical used as an active agent in the cosmetic industry. The compound, however, is considered a potential pollutant due to its toxicity and recalcitrant property to humans and other species. With the increasing necessity for bioremediation, we sought to isolate bacteria that degraded 3,4-DCA. A bacterium capable of growth on 3,4-DCA as the sole carbon source was isolated from seaside sediment using a dilution method with a culture enriched in 3,4-DCA. The isolated strain, YM-7 was identified to be Pseudomonas sp. The isolated strain was also able to degrade other chloroaniline compounds. The isolated strain showed a high level of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity on exposure to 3,4-DCA, suggesting that this enzyme is an important factor in 3,4-DCA degradation. The activity toward 4-methylcatechol was 53.1% that of catechol, while the activity toward 3-methylcatechol, 4-chlorocatechol and 4,5-chlorocatechol was 18.1, 33.1, and 6.9%, respectively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2013

An overview of the epidemiological, biological, and clinical studies of Taenia and taeniasis in Taiwan for the past century is presented. The phenomenal observations that led to the discovery of Taenia asiatica as a new species, which differ from Taenia solium and Taenia saginata, are described. Parasitological surveys of the aborigines in Taiwan revealed a high prevalence of taeniasis, which might be due to the culture of eating raw liver of hunted wild boars. Chemotherapeutic deworming trials involving many patients with taeniasis were discussed. Praziquantel was found to be very effective, but sometimes complete worms could not be recovered from the feces after treatment, probably due to the dissolution of the proglottids. Atabrine, despite some side effects, can still be used, in properly controlled dosages, as the drug of choice for human T. asiatica infection if we need to recover the expelled worms for morphological examinations. Research results on the infection of T. asiatica eggs from Taiwan aborigines in experimental animals were also noted. Since the pig serve as the natural intermediate host of T. asiatica and the predilection site is the liver, a differential comparison of other parasitic pathogens that might cause apparently similar lesions is also presented.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.159-183
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• 2011

This study is for the understanding of the role of fortunetelling and the "Scripture of Fortunetelling(占察經)" through the relationship between the manners and customs of Koreans and the Buddhist Scripture dealing with the fortunetelling. It is meaningful to understand how it is related with Buddhism. As a result, I perceived that Koreans have lived with fortunetelling and that the role of fortunetelling in from private person to the country. I saw there were four big roles; to clean the uncertainty of the future to fulfill the expectations, to confirm the justice of what he or she did, to cure, and to choice. Looking into "Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms(三國遺事)", I see that the Scripture of Fortunetelling and the ceremony of fortunetelling was popular and those great monks such as Wongwang, Wonhyo, Jinpyo and Jihye presided these ceremonies. The structure of the "Scripture of Fortunetelling(占察經)" has the hierarchy of Fortunetelling, Penance, Practice, Awakening, and Salvation of the world. So fortunetelling motivated every stage of practice. The role of fortunetelling in "Scripture of Fortunetelling(占察經)" is to intermediate. For this purpose it divided the attitude for the fortunetelling into two categories; for the urgent real life and just for enjoying. But they seriously dealt with both results. They used the fortunetelling in order to accomplish the ultimate purpose of Buddhism. So the fortunetelling is a mean of propagation of Buddhism and a intermediary of awakening and salvation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA), which is widely used as root-end filling material, with DiaRoot BioAggregate (DB; Innovative BioCaramix Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada), newly developed product, by using MG63 osteoblast-like cells. MTA, DB, and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM; Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA) were used for root-end filling material while tissue culture plastic was used for control group. Each material was mixed and, the mixtures were left to set for 24 hours. MG63 cells were seeded to each group and then they were cultured for attachment for 4 hours. Following the attachment of cells to the root-end filling material, early cellular response was observed. After another 12 hours'culture, the level of attachment between cells and material was observed and in order to identify the effect of each material to bone formation, transforming growth factor beta1 ($TGF{\beta}1$) and osteocalin (OC) were estimated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the amount of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also measured. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. As a result, only at OC and the number of cells which were attached to materials, there was no statistical difference between MTA and DB. At other items, there was statistically significant difference in all groups. Although DB has not shown exactly the same cellular response like that of MTA, the number of attached cells shows that biocompatibility of the material and OC indicates bone formation rate. Therefore, if DB is used for root end filling material, it is expected to lead to similar results to MTA.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.926-931
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• 2011

Among various techniques for hydrogen production from organic wastewater, a dark fermentation is considered to be the most feasible process due to the rapid hydrogen production rate. However, the main drawback of it is the low hydrogen production yield due to intermediate products such as organic acids. To improve the hydrogen production yield, a co-culture system of dark and photo fermentation bacteria was applied to this research. The maximum specific growth rate of R. sphaeroides was determined to be $2.93h^{-1}$ when acetic acid was used as a carbon source. It was quite high compared to that of using a mixture of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Acetic acid was the most attractive to the cell growth of R. sphaeroides, however, not less efficient in the hydrogen production. In the co-culture system with glucose, hydrogen could be steadily produced without any lag-phase. There were distinguishable inflection points in the accumulation of hydrogen production graph that resulted from the dynamic production of VFAs or consumption of it by the interaction between the dark and photo fermentation bacteria. Lastly, the hydrogen production rate of a repeated fed-batch run was $15.9mL-H_2/L/h$, which was achievable in the sustainable hydrogen production.