• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the wound healing effects of oral administered hot water extracts of Korean black ginseng (KBG). Methods 40 C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups; normal, control, vitamin E 200 mg/kg, KBG 100 mg/kg, KBG 200 mg/kg, each n=8. Skin wounds were made in the back of all mice except normal group using biopsy punches. Wounds were observed on days 7 and 14 after injury. The anti-oxidant and inflammatory protein levels were evaluated using western blotting. Skin tissue was analyzed by hematoxylin & eosin and Masson's trichrome staining method. Results KBG significantly accelerated reducing wound area. KBG significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity. KBG significantly decreased oxidative stress factors such as NADPH oxidase-4 and p22^phox and increased antioxidant enzymes including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2, kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1, heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase-1/2. Moreover, KBG significantly decreased inflammation factors including nuclear factor-κB, phosphorylated inhibitor of κBα, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6 and increased anti-inflammation cytokine such as IL-4 and IL-10. In addition, KBG significantly increased tight junction proteins including claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4. In histopathologic, KBG made the epithelium thin and uniform, and accelerated the remodeling of collagen. Conclusions The results suggest that KBG has healing effects on skin wound in mice by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Scrophulariae Radix Water Extract (SR) on the production of inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Method : We examined effect of Scrophulariae Radix Extract on the cell viability of mouse macrophages cells. Futhermore, After 24 hours treatment we investigated anti-inflammatory effect of Scrophulariae Radix Extract by the production of Bio-Plex cytokine assay, concentrations of various cytokines such NO, $interleukin(IL)-1{\alpha}$, IL-3 and interferon inducible protein-10(IP-10). Result : No significant changes have been found in the mouse macrophge cell viability by the Scrophulariae Radix Extract at the concentration of 25, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The water extract of Scrophulariae Radix significantly inhibited the production of NO in the LPS-induced macrophage at the concentration of 25, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The water extract of Scrophulariae Radix significantly inhibited the production of $IL-1{\alpha}$, IL-3 and IP-10 in the LPS-induced macrophage at the concentration of 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Conclusion : The water extract of Scrophulariae Radix significantly inhibited the production of NO, $IL-1{\alpha}$, IL-3 and IP-10 at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ or higher in the LPS-induced macrophages with no changes in the cell viability of them. These results suggest that water extract of Scrophulariae Radix has anti-inflammatory effect related with its inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines such as $IL-1{\alpha}$, IL-3 and IP-10 in the LPS-induced macrophages.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

Objectives : Jema-sunghyangjungkisan (JSGS, Jima Xingxiang Zhengqi san) and yeoldahanso-tang (YDHST, Reduo hanshao decoction) are traditional herbal formulas which commonly used to prevent and treat stroke in traditional korean medicine. However, JSGS and YDHST extracts have not been previously reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, We measured the anti-inflammatory effects of JSGS and YDHST extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : To investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of JSGS and YDHST extracts, tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-6, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) were examined in RAW 264.7 cells with LPS of $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Results : JSGS and YDHST extracts did not have any cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration decreased 49.67% at $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by JSGS but, YDHST has no statistically significant effect at all concentration. IL-6 accumulation on JSGS and YDHST extracts in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells reduced 22.03% and 41.44% at $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ respectively. In addition, JSGS has no inhibitory effects on NO accumulation and YDHST reduced 10.08% at $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Moreover, JSGS and YDHST treatment does-dependently reduced the $PGE_2$ production. In particular, YDHST ($500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) extract was more effective compared with $10ng/m{\ell}$ of indomethacin which is the $PGE_2$ positive control. Conclusions : Our results suggest that treatment of JSGS and YDHST extracts decreased the LPS-stimulated inflammation. Therefore, in the present study, we demonstrated that JSGS and YDHS may be used as a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2024

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular targets and pathways of anti-inflammatory effects of Jakyakgamchotang with corydalis tuber (JC) using network pharmacology. Methods : The compounds in constituent herbal medicines of JC were searched in TCM systems pharmacology (TCMSP). Target gene informations of the components were collected using chemical-target interactions database provided by Pubchem. Afterwards, network analysis between compounds and inflammation-related target genes was performed using cytoscape. Go enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed on inflammation-related targets using DAVID database. Results : 70 active compounds related to inflammation were identified, and 295 target genes related to the anti-inflammatory activity of the compound of JC were identified. In the Go biological process DB and KEGG pathway DB, "inflammatory response", "cellular response to lipopolysaccharide", "positive regulation of interleukin-6 production", and "positive regulation of protein kinase B. signaling", "positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade", "positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling", "negative regulation of apoptotic process", and "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway" were found to be mechanisms related to the anti-inflammatory effects related to the target genes of JC. The main compounds predicted to be involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of JC were quercetin, licochalcone B, (+)-catechin, kaempferol, and emodin. Conclusions : This study provides the molecular targets and potential pathways of JC on inflammation. It can be used as a basic data for using JC for various inflammatory disease in traditional korean medicine clinic.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2013

해조류 에탄올 생산공정에서 남은 부산물을 사료화하기 위하여 부산물을 육계에 급여하여 사료가치를 평가하고자 시험하였다. 공시동물로 소형 육계(백세미) 초생추(1일령) 225수를 공시하였다. 시험구 편성은 육계 사료를 급여한 처리구를 Control로 하고, 전체 사료량에서 부산물 5% 혼합한 처리구를 5% SEPPB, 10% 혼합한 처리구를 10% SEPPB로 3처리로 분류하고, 처리구별 5반복 반복별 15수씩 공시하여 5주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 증체량은 2주령까지는 처리구 간에 차이가 없었으나, 3주령에서 10% SEPPB에 비해 Control과 5% SEPPB에서 각각 6.2%, 11.4% 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 5주령에서는 5% SEPPB에서 Control에 비해 32.3% 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 사료섭취량과 사료요구율은 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 가슴살의 육질특성 분석에서 pH는 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB과 10% SEPPB에서 각각 2.5%, 2.3% 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 전단력은 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB와 10% SEPPB에서 각각 31.3%, 14.7%로 유의적으로 낮았고 가열감량은 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB과 10% SEPPB에서 14.4%로 유의적으로 낮았다(P>0.05). 가슴살의 일반성분 분석에서 수분, 조단백질, 조회분의 함량은 처리구 간에 차이가 없었으나, 조지방은 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB에서 6.8% 높았으며(P<0.05), 지방산 함량은 stearic acid가 10% SEPPB에서 유의적으로 높았고(P<0.05), linolenic acid는 5% SEPPB 및 10% SEPPB에서 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 혈청 내 Interleukin-2(IL-2)의 함량은 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB에서 약 44%, 10% SEPPB에서 약 36%로 유의적으로 증가하였으며(P<0.05), Interleukin-6(IL-6)의 함량은 Control와 5% SEPPB에서는 유사하였으나, 10% SEPPB에서 약 62% 정도의 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 혈청화학치 조사에서 Albumin의 함량은 5% SEPPB에서 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 다음으로 Control, 10% SEPPB 순으로 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과에서 해조류 에탄올 공정 부산물은 사료로써 가치가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 특히 높은 면역활성을 일으키는 물질이 함유되고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 블루베리 잎의 용매별 추출물에 따른 약리활성에 대한 검증 및 효능 평가이다. 블루베리 잎의 항산화, 항염증에 대한 효과를 확인하였다. 염증 반응은 자극이 가해지면 histamine, serotonin, prostaglandin과 같은 혈관 활성물질에 의해 혈관 투과성이 증대되어 염증을 유발하고 cytokine, free radical, lysosomal enzyme 등 다양한 매개 인자가 관여한다. 자극에 의한 macrophage cell의 염증반응은 tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-$1{\beta}$(IL-$1{\beta}$)와 같은 pro-inflammatory cytokine의 발현이 유도되고, inducible nitric oxide synthase(i-NOS)와 cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)에 영향을 받는 유전자의 발현을 자극하게 되어 nitric oxide(NO) 및 $PGE_2$등의 염증 인자가 생성된다. 이에 따라 블루베리 잎 추출물의 항염증에 대한 연구를 위해 이에 영향을 주는 인자인 i-NOS, COX-2의 단백질 발현억제 작용을 확인 하였다. 그 결과 BLA > BLE > BLW 순서로 높은 효능을 확인 할 수 있었다. 가장 효과가 좋은 BLA 처리군에서 $PGE_2$ 분비량 및 다양한 염증성 인자의 mRNA 발현량을 확인하였다. 측정 결과, BLA($100{\mu}g/mL$)는 $PGE_2$ 분비량을 85.3% 억제하였으며 i-NOS, COX-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ 단백질과 mRNA 발현이 각각 86.8%, 85.7%, 62.7%, 77%, 32.2% 억제되는 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 블루베리 70% 아세톤 추출물(BLA)의 항염증 효과가 가장 높았으며, 블루베리 잎은 세포의 mRNA 및 단백질 수준에서 염증인자들의 억제를 통해 대식세포에서 항염증 효과가 명백히 확인되었다. 더 나아가, nuclear factor kappa B(NF-${\kappa}B$), signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT-1), mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) 등의 세포 내 염증관련 중간기전을 연구해볼 가치가 있다고 사료된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.396-405
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to find out the effects of the Er:YAG laser (Key Laser) & Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Water Laser) on inflammatory tissues. Materials and Methods: It was performed on about 20 g, 6 weeks male ICR mouses. They were grouped into the control (negative), the inflammation induced 'control'(positive), Er,Cr:YSGG laser exposured group after inducing inflammation, Er:YAG lasere exposured group after inducing inflammation each 15 mouses. The mouses were applicated 0.5% DNFB 1 cc on ear skin twice a day for 4 days until symptom expression. After laser exposure, ear tissues were extracted and defined gene expression by RT-PCR. Then, tissue staining, lymphocytes observation, electromicroscophic laboratory were carried out. Results: Interleukin-$1{\beta}$ was expressed much less in the A-laser exposed group. Interleukin-$1{\beta}$ & Tumor Necrosis Factor-${\alpha}$ were expressed 7 times lesser in the A-laser exposed group. The number of Lymphocytes related to inflammation was decreased rapidly in the A-laser exposed group in vivo. he number of cavity recovered normal was a little bigger in the A-laser exposed group after 5 days Conclusion: The expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ & TNF-${\alpha}$, hitologic change, observation with electron microscope shows that Erbium laser exposure causes lesser inflammation with A-laser rather than B-laser.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2006

Nucler factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) 프로모터는 염증성 질환을 유도하는 호염증성 시토카인의 발현에 중요한 역할을 수행하는 전사인자 중의 하나이다. 본 실험에서는 200 여종의 식물추출물들로부터 항염효능이 있는 추출물을 선발하기 위해 NF-kappaB 리포터 실험을 수행하였다. NF-kappaB 리포터 실험결과, 12종의 식물추출물, 즉 개나리, 고추잎, 박하, 뱀딸기, 뽕나무, 삼백초, 솔잎, 양애줄기, 약쑥, 어성초, 왕벚꽃가지, 조릿대 등이 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)에 의해 유도된 NF-kappaB 프로모터 활성을 농도의존적으로 억제하는 것을 확인하였다. 이들 12종의 식물추출물이 호염증성 시토카인 발현에도 동일한 효과를 나타내는지 알아보기 위해 tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)와 인터루킨-8에 대한 ELISA실험을 실시하였다. ELISA실험 결과, NF-kappaB 리포터 실험결과와 동일하게, TNF-alpha와 인터루킨-8 생산이 12종 식물추출물 모두에서 감소됨을 관찰하였다. 이러한 실험결과는, 12종의 식물 추출물에서 보여지는 호염증성 시토카인 억제효과가 NF-kappaB 프로모터 활성억제를 통해 이루어지고 있음을 시사한다. 또한, 이들 12종 식물은 diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay를 통해 살펴본 결과 높은 항산화 활성도 있음을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로부터, 12종의 식물 추출물은 염증성 피부질환 전용 화장품 제형에서 항염 및 자극완화 소재로 응용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1493-1498
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• 2008

본 연구는 심폐바이패스를 이용한 성인 심장수술 시 수술 후 환자의 회복 결과에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 규명하기 위해 시행하였다. 성인 심장수술 환자 32명을 대상으로 하여 연구하였다. 심장수술 시 밸혈구 수, GOT, troponin-I (cTNI), interleukin-6 (IL-6), endothelin-1 (ET-1), D-dimer, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) 등의 혈장농도는 유의하게 증가한데 비해 혈소판 수는 감소하였다. 수술 직후 GOT 및 D-dimer 농도와 24 시간 및 총출혈량, 기계호흡보조 시간, 중환자실 치료기간, 재원일수와 각각 양의 상관성이 있었다. 혈소판 수와 기계호흡보조 시간, 중환자실 치료기간, 재원일수와 각각 음의 상관관계가 있었다. Creatinine 농도와 기계호흡보조 시간, 중환자실 치료기간 사이에 양의 상관성이 있었다. NSE 농도와 24 시간 출혈량 사이에 양의 상관관계를 보였다. cTNI 농도와 재원일수 간에 양의 상관성이 있었다. 대동맥 교차차단 및 총심폐바이패스 실시 시간과 24 시간 및 총 출혈량, 재원일수 사이에 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과들은 심폐바이패스를 적용한 성인 심장수술 시 수술 후 환자의 결과와 회복에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 변수는 수술 종료 직후(CPB-off)의 GOT, BUN, creatinine, D-dimer 등의 농도와 혈소판 수임을 시사하고 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.435-441
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• 1998

We examined effects of interleukin $1{\alpha}$ ($IL1{\alpha}$) and phorbol 12, 13 dibutyrate (PDB), an activator of protein kinase C, on mRNA for Prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) and prostanoid production in cultured ovine meningeal fibroblasts. Immuno- and morphologically-identified fibroblasts were derived from cerebral cortex and white matter from fetal lambs (approximately 120 days gestation) and grown to confluence on glass coverslips in 12 well plates. Levels of prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ and the stable hydrolysis product of prostacyclin (i.e., $6-keto-PGF_{1{\alpha}}$) were determined using enzyme immunoassay. Relative amounts of mRNA were determined by in situ hybridization using ovine cDNA for PGHS1. $IL1{\alpha}$ (10 ng/ml) increased mRNA levels over baseline by $62{\pm}19%$ (p＜0.05) at 60 min., $37{\pm}12%$ (NS) at 120 min., and $36{\pm}18%$ (NS) at 240 min (n=12). Levels of $6-keto-PGF_{1{\alpha}}$ were $148{\pm}18%$ pg/ml during baseline, $246{\pm}41%$ pg/ml at 60 min., $248{\pm}40%$ pg/ml at 120 min., and $259{\pm}62%$ pg/ml at 240 min (all p＜0.05) (n=12). $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ was increased although it wasn't statistically significant. However, $IL1{\alpha}$ decreased $PGE_2$ level significantly (all p＜0.05). PDB $(10^{-6}M)$ increased mRNA levels over baseline by $25{\pm}6%$ after 30 min., $40{\pm}6%$ after 60 min., and $20{\pm}8%$ after 90 min. (n=9) (all p＜0.05). Levels of $6-keto-PGF_{1{\alpha}}$ were $200{\pm}43%$ pg/ml during baseline, $202{\pm}43%$ pg/ml after 30 min. (NS), $268{\pm}58%$ pg/ml after 60 min. (p＜0.05), and $296{\pm}60%$ pg/ml after 90 min. (p＜0.05) (n=9). Levels of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ were $178{\pm}26%$ pg/ml during baseline, $300{\pm}30%$ pg/ml after 30 min., $299{\pm}35%$ pg/ml after 60 min., and $355{\pm}32%$ pg/ml after 90 min (all p＜0.05) (n=6). Actinomycin-D (1 mg/ml) prevented increases in mRNA, $6-keto-PGF_{1{\alpha}}$, and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ at 60 min. for both $IL1{\alpha}$ and PDB. We conclude that cerebral fibroblasts are avid producers of prostanoids, and that enhanced production of PGHS is responsible for augmented $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and prostacyclin production in the presence of an activator of protein kinase C and for decreased $PGE_2$ and increased prostacyclin production in the presence of $IL1{\alpha}$.