• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.236-240
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• 2015

Previously we reported that the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 is capable of producing hydrogen (H₂) from formate, CO or starch. In this study, we describe the immobilization of T. onnurineus NA1 as an alternative means of H₂ production. Amine-coated silica particles were effective in immobilizing T. onnurineus NA1 by electrostatic interaction, showing a maximum cell adsorption capacity of 71.7 mg-dried cells per g of particle. In three cycles of repeated-batch cultivation using sodium formate as the sole energy source, immobilized cells showed reproducible H₂ production with a considerable increase in the initial production rate from 2.3 to 4.0 mmol l⁻¹ h⁻¹, mainly due to the increase in the immobilized cell concentration as the batch culture was repeated. Thus, the immobilized-cell system of T. onnurineus NA1 was demonstrated to be feasible for H₂ production. This study is the first example of immobilized cells of hyperthermophilic archaea being used for the production of H₂.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.9 s.211
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• pp.143-162
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• 2005

Many ethnic groups have different cultural backgrounds and each culture has developed with its own traditions. The interaction between different cultures is getting more active through acculturation and cultural contact. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data about the domestic living of Australians in order to compare with Korean immigrants in the form of a Cross-Cultural study. For this, usage of domestic space and seating style of 53 Australian households in Melbourne were analyzed. Ethnographic research with questionnaire was used. The results of the research were as follows. 1. The open plan type combining the kitchen, dining and tying areas was the most popular one for Australians and they are very satisfied with that type. 2. The laundry room has been planned traditionally and Australians demand to be able to dry their laundry and do ironing in there additionally. Most of Australians were satisfied with separated toilet and bathroom. h drain hole on the floor of the bathroom was not essential for most Australians. 3. Australians were doing various activities in the living areas and they also enjoy gelling together in the kitchen and dining areas. 4. The seating style of Australians was generally the chair-seating style. However, they sometimes made a bed for guests on the floor and watched TV and treated guests with both chair seating style and floor seating style. 5. Australians were satisfied with using carpet presumably for its warmth.6. Many Australians took off their shoes inside of the house for hygienic reason. Most people organized the shoes in the cabinet of the bedroom. 7. The most popular heating system was ducted heating for Australians and they were very satisfied with it because it was suitable for the weather in Melbourne. 8. The living room was the most important one for Australian families and they thought that it should be decorated well for entertaining guests. It was also considered that brightness of the light was enough for most Australians.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.235-246
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• 2007

The study aims to design an integrated remote controller, which is an increasingly essential device in the home, for more convenient use. For this purpose, an alternative user interface (UI) design was developed by applying the user interface system of a popular existing product to an integrated remote control highly usable and easy to learn for domestic use, and the usability was evaluated. For the existing popular product, a cellular phone was selected, the operation method of which is similar to the stick-type integrated remote control for which the user interface design was to be developed in this research. Common characteristics of the UI of the selected cellular phone were derived and the characteristics were applied as much as possible to the design of a stick-type integrated remote control. The prototype of the alternative design, which was simulated with Flash, went through two pilot tests for further improvement before making the final experimental prototype. Based on the results, prototype buttons that improved the feeling of use in terms of physical operation and feedback were made, and the usability of the new UI design of a stick-type integrated remote control for domestic use were evaluated with 41 university students in their 20s. According to the results of the experiment, the newly designed stick-type integrated remote control based on the UI of an existing product may improve the usability of remote controls and the outcome of this study is expected to provide a good model for R&D of new UI designs of stick-type integrated remote controls for domestic use.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

An analysis method is proposed for the transient linear or nonlinear analysis of dynamic interactions between a flexible dam body and reservoir impounding compressible water under earthquake loadings. The coupled dam-reservoir system consists of three substructures: (1) a dam body with linear or nonlinear behavior; (2) a semi-infinite fluid region with constant depth; and (3) an irregular fluid region between the dam body and far field. The dam body is modeled with linear and/or nonlinear finite elements. The far field is formulated as a displacement-based transmitting boundary in the frequency domain that can radiate energy into infinity. Then the transmitting boundary is transformed for the direct coupling in the time domain. The near field region is modeled as a compressible fluid contained between two substructures. The developed method is verified and applied to various earthquake response analyses of dam-reservoir systems. Also, the method is applied to a nonlinear analysis of a concrete gravity dam. The results show the location and severity of damage demonstrating the applicability to the seismic evaluation of existing and new dams.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.508-517
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• 2004

We described a near-field scanning microwave microscope which uses a high-quality dielectric resonator with a tunable screw. The operating frequency is f=4.5 5GHz. The probe tip is mounted in a cylindrical resonant cavity coupled to a dielectric resonator We developed a hybrid tip combining a reduced length of the tapered part with a small apex. In order to understand the function of the probe, we fabricated three different tips using a conventional chemical etching technique and observed three different NSMM images for patterened Cr films on glass substrates. We measured the reflection coefficient of different metal thin film samples with the same thickness of 300m and compared with theoretical impedance respectly. By tuning the tunable screw coming through the top cover, we could improve sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio, and spatial resolution to better than $1{\mu}m$. To demonstrate the ability of local microwave characterization, the surface resistance of metallic thin films has been mapped.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.30
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• pp.85-99
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• 1996

This study has been made to examine the symbolic meaning of our traditional costume colours based on the theory of yin-yang Wu-hsing the interaction of yin and yang with the rotation of the five agents wood firt earth metal and waters. Presenting the spirt and the life of our race the costume culture has been keep-ing its own systematic symbol. Being sensible the colour has to be under-stood as the colour sense therefore the cos-tume colour has begun to have the symbolic meaning with the feeling or the mental value. According to the theory of yin-yang wu-hsing the costume colour has presented our racial sprit way of thinking and way of life for a long time and it has become the tra-ditional culture at last. Based on the doctrine of cosmic harmony through the motion of yin and yang or the passive and active elements are their five agents form the material force of everything. The order of nature has its counterpart in five symbolic costume colours wood-blue ; fire-red: earth-yellow; metal-white: water-black. The five colours are called the primary colours. which produce the next compound colours. Accepted in the social system as well as the social stats the costume colour has set up systematically. The theory of Yin-yang Wu-hsing has given the five colours the symbolic meanings and its mainstream has been the function of Sangsaeng and Sangeuk which are genera-ted by the power of virture. The former is mu-tually beneficial while the latter destructive. The colour as a costume colour has been made distinction between the colour of the up-per classes and the colour of the middle and lower classes and the specific colour has presented the symbolic meanings. The yeollow the red and the purple have been regarded as the colour of king queen and upper classes Being the colour recognition the costume colour has been established by the society and the race generally Implied the spiritual elements the colour recognition could select the lucky colour in accordance with one's des-tiny. Besides the colour recognition has begun to appear as the racial costumes to protect the society and to pray for good fortune. According to the theory of Yin-yang Wu-hsing the costume colour has been forming through our long history and has become our costume culture. Therefore the colour of the costume has signified not only the colour sense but also the important symbolic meanings.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.202-206
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• 2014

In order to investigate the photoluminescence (PL) properties of $V_2O_5$ films, amorphous and crystalline films were prepared by using RF sputtering system, and the PL spectra of the films were measured at the temperatures ranging from 300 K to 10 K. In the amorphous $V_2O_5$ film grown at room temperature, a PL peak centered at ~505 nm was only observed, and in the crystalline $V_2O_5$ film, two peaks centered at ~505 nm and ~695 nm, which is known to correspond to oxygen defects, were revealed. The position of PL peak centered at 505 nm for both the amorphous and crystalline $V_2O_5$ films showed a strong dependence on temperature, and the positions were 2.45 eV at 300 K and 2.35 eV at 10 K, respectively. The PL at 505 nm was due to the band energy transition in $V_2O_5$, and also, the reduction of the peak position energy with decreasing temperature was caused by a decrement of the lattice dilatation effect with reducing electron-phonon interaction.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2008

A poly-(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surface modified by the successive deposition of the polyelectrolytes, poly-(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly-(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride) (PDAC), poly-(4-ammonium styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS), and poly-(acrylic acid) (PAA), was presented for the application of selective cell immobilization. It is formed via electrostatic attraction between adjacent layers of opposite charge. The modified PDMS surface was examined using static contact angle measurements and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer. The wettability of the PDMS surface could be easily controlled and functionalized to be biocompatible through regulation of layer numbers. The modified PDMS surface provides appropriate environment for adhesion to cells, which is essential technology for cell patterning with high yield and viability in the patterning process. This method is reproducible, convenient, and rapid. It could be applied to the fabrication of biological sensing, patterning, microelectronics devices, screening system, and study of cell-surface interaction.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 2020

In this study, Hunt's analytical solution and Ward & Lough's analytical solution for two-layered leaky aquifer system were used to estimate stream depletions due to shallow and deep groundwater pumping, and their differences were compared. Depending on the combination of the separation distance between the stream and the well, the transmissivity and the storage coefficient of the aquifer, and the leakage coefficient between the upper and lower layers, the stream depletion, which is the amount of stream water reduction compared to the amount of groundwater pumping, for each of 45,000 cases was calculated for both shallow and deep groundwater pumping, and the differences were analyzed quantitatively. When the leakage coefficient was very small, with a value of 10^-61/d, the difference in the average five-year stream depletion due to the pumping of shallow and deep groundwater showed a large deviation of up to 0.9 depending on the given hydraulic characteristics; this value exponentially decreased as the stream depletion factor (SDF) increased. This exponential relationship gradually weakened as the leakage coefficient increased due to interaction effects between layers, resulting in a small difference of up to 0.2 when the leakage coefficient reached 10^-31/d. Under the condition of greater interlayer hydraulic connectivity, there was little influence of the depth of groundwater pumping on the stream water reduction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.139-148
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• 2000

In this paper, the interaction of oblique incident waves with a bottom-mounted and fluid-filled flexible membrane structure is investigated in the frame of linear hydro-elastic theory. The static shape of a membrane structure containing the fluid of a specific density is initially unknown and must be calculated before the hydrodynamic analysis. To solve hydrodynamic problem, the fluid domain is divided into the inner and outer region. The inner solution based on discrete membrane dynamic model and simple-source distribution over the entire fluid boundaries is matched to the outer solution ba~ed on an eigenfunction expansion method. The numerical results were compared to a series of Ohyama's experimental results. The measured reflection and tran¬smission coefficients reasonably follow the trend of predicted values. Using the computer program developed, the performance of a bottom-mounted and fluid-filled flexible membrane strocture is tested with various system parameters (membrane shape, internal pressure, density ratio) and wave characteristics (wave frequencies, incident wave angle). It is found that a bottom-mounted and fluid-filled flexible membrane structure can be an effel;tive wave barrier if properly designed.