• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.48-60
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• 2003

With the rapid successful deployment of WLANs worldwide in numerous hotspots for high data rate, wireless access for data services has created the need to integrate the Cellular Networks with WLAN Networks. The integrated wireless environment will provide the end user a much better service experience along with a single subscription and a single bill. In this paper we focus on inter-working approaches, which combine WLANs and Cellular Networks into an integrated wireless environment capable of ubiquitous access to data services and very high data rates in hotspots areas. We first list the key requirements which are currently being standardized within the 30PP for integration with WLANs networks. We discuss two inter-working architectures namely loosely coupled and tightly coupled This paper will detail the loosely coupled inter-working approach while briefly discussing the tightly coupled inter-working. Finally, we will conclude that the loosely coupled approach is evolutionary and less intrusive than the tightly coupled approach.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.93-99
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• 2013

We have used SMS to exchange messages between mobile phones. Since the network evolved to the ALL-IP network, the next generation messaging service, RCS, has emerged to the market. Because SMS and RCS coexist, we need to inter-work the messages between SMS users and RCS users. This paper introduces a message inter-working framework(MIWF) that can inter-work SMS and RCS without changing end user's UX. It defines the call flows between the network equipment and MIWF. Also, it shows how MIWF converts messages between 3 protocols. Performance evaluation proves that MIWF does not add loads to the existing network.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.582-589
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• 2014

Mobile phone users have been using the SMS to send and receive text messages between them. Recently, GSMA(GSM Association) proposed the next generation instant messaging service, RCS-e(Rich Communication Service-enhanced). This was unavoidable because new OTT(Over The Top) services have emerged that threat the SMS after smart phones became popular. However, the RCS-e has limitations that it cannot inter-operate with the SMS which is still widely used. This paper propose a software framework that inter-work SMS with RCS-e. Call flows for canceling wireless contracts and sending SMS messages to RCS-e users were defined. Also, methods for protocol conversion were defined to inter-work two services. The performance evaluation showed that the proposed framework does not increase loads on IMS(IP Multimedia Subsystem) infrastructure.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.299-302
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• 2000

In this paper, a Inter-Working Function Unit(IWF) has been developed and designed in order to change to advanced subscriber system the Remote Subscriber System(RSS) that is operating with simple services(PSTN Function only). Regarding the cost and the effectiveness, RSS should be connected to Access Subscriber System with PCM cables directly. As this method being used, in the period of Retrofit, the connecting job covering RSS will be handled easily and safely.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.164-174
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• 2005

본 논문은 비동기 방식의 WCDMA 시스템에서 특히 IP Multimedia Subsystem의 도입과 함께 IP Security 기술이 어떤 형식으로 적용되어 표준화되고 있는지 기술동향을 알아보고자 한다. 현재 WCDMA 시스템에서의 IP Security 기술은 일반 네트워크 영역 보안 분야와 WLAN Inter-working 분야 그리고 IMS 보안 분야에 적용되고 있다. 가장 기본이 되는 네트워크 영역 보안은 3GPP 표준화 규격인 TS 33.210에 정의되어 있고, 이를 바탕으로 WLAN Inter-working 분야에서는 IKE version 2가 추가되었으며, IMS 보안 분야에서는 네트워크 영역 보안에서 정의된 Z 인터페이스를 이용하여 해당 트래픽에 대한 보안을 수행한다.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2007

The integration of WLAN and beyond 3G mobile networks offers the possibility of achieving anytime and anywhere Internet access. Moreover the requests for seamless multimedia services and the Quality of Service (QoS) support have been one of key issues in wireless networks. Therefore the researches relative to seamless multimedia service and QoS over heterogeneous wireless networks have been progressing rapidly. In this paper, we propose inter-working architecture for supporting seamless multimedia service and QoS over WLAN and WiBro networks. Based on the proposed inter-working architecture, we also provide both the seamless handover architecture such an inter-network vertical handover and the QoS-aware wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) scheme. In addition, we evaluate and compare the performance by Network Simulator-2 (NS-2) simulations.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.3C
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• pp.259-266
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• 2012

Many of domestic disaster response agencies do not have adequate interoperability because they are not considering inter working for other agency's radio network and building their own disaster and safety radio network. It will urgently establish interoperability guidelines at pan-government level to solve this problem, but even it is not concrete discussion yet. In this paper, in order to develop for interoperability guidelines at pan-government level, we were defined the level of interoperability and were designed standard inter working model.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.41-62
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of work-family conflict and spousal support resources on parenting stress among working mothers with pre-school children. This study involved a total of 232 working mothers with children enrolled in child care centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do as conducting a survey. First, the higher the work-family conflict (inter-role conflict caused by the impact of work on family life), the higher the family-work conflict (inter-role conflict caused by the impact of family life on work). Moreover, the lower the level of spousal support resources (emotional spousal support resources, instrumental spousal resources), the higher the work-family conflict and family-work conflict. The level of parenting stress was higher in working mothers experiencing greater work-family conflict and family-work conflict both and lower levels of spousal support resources for parenting. Second, the number of children and the amount of work-family conflict and instrumental spousal support resources had a statistically significant impact on parenting stress. Thus, the higher the number of children, the greater the work-family conflict, and the lower the level of instrumental spousal support resources, the higher the level of parenting stress. The findings of this study highlight the relative effects of role conflicts between work and family and of spousal support resources on parenting stress in working mothers. Husbands' being involved in parenting, in particular, was identified as an important support function for healthy child-rearing by successfully combining career and family responsibilities.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.9
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• pp.1409-1415
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• 2017

The navigation and EDR(Event Data Recorder) have a different roles but also a lot of similar or common functions and elements. A representative element is a GPS. The GPS of navigation is a more higher than the that of EDR in performance. The high performance GPS has a very short initialization time and more accurate than the GPS of EDR. And the informations of OBD(On Board Diagnostics) is able to be shared in navigation and EDR. But these inter-working product between the navigation and EDR has been not yet shown. So, this paper is aimed to show how to interwork in two devices. We utilize USB bulk communication in two devices for inter-working. It is very simple ways and it could interwork in GPS, event video and ODB II data. It could be effective in cost competence and convenience. These was implemented by hardware and software and proved by the standard test.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.307-315
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• 2015

Recently, Smart Home System(SHS) is applied in order to provide comfort, energy efficient and better security to the residence. Thus, by introducing the SHS in the house of elderly people, it is possible to provide a convenient and safe life for old people especially living alone. This paper presents the design and implementation of a low cost but yet flexible and secure smart-phone based SHS. The design is based on inter-working between Arduino board with Bluetooth and Arduino board with Ethernet shield, and the home monitor/appliances are connected to the input/output ports of this board via sensors/relays. In addition, when the old man is put on an emergency, the proposed system will automatically notify it the family. Therefore, we have implemented an inexpensive and efficient SHS for the elderly living alone by inter-working smart phones, internet server and Arduino micro-controller.