• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2010

Shrimp farming is the most important mariculture industry on the west coast of South Korea. However, it has suffered from mass mortality due to viral disease outbreaks and coastal pollution due to water discharge. This study developed an intensive shrimp culture method for outdoor ponds, without water exchange, which minimizes the chance of viral transmission from the environment, reduces coastal pollution by water discharge and enhances shrimp production. A culture trial was conducted in two high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-lined ponds with a $550\;m^2$ surface area. The ponds were stocked with postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei, the major farmed shrimp species in Korea, on July 10, 2007, and cultured for 90 days with no water exchange. The stocking density of the postlarvae (B.W. 0.0015 g) was $272\;ind./m^2$, which is eight times higher than in traditional pond culture in Korea. At harvest, the total production of ponds 1 and 2 was 1,362kg ($2.48\;kg/m^2$) and 1,282 kg ($2.33\;kg/m^2$), respectively. This is 20~22 times higher than the mean farmed shrimp production ($0.112\;kg/m^2$) in Korea and about eight times higher than in traditional ponds with a good harvest. Although there was no water exchange throughout the culture period, the mean concentrations of unionized ammonia and nitrite-nitrogen were as low as 0.038 and 6.0 mg/L, respectively. The feed conversion rate (FCR) was 1.38, which is 20~45% lower than that of traditional pond cultures. The high efficiency of the diet in this study is thought to be due to a well-managed feeding strategy and well-developed bioflocs used as diet additions for the shrimp. The final body weight of the shrimp at harvest was low (12.2~12.5 g), compared with that of traditional pond culture. This may have resulted from the combination of a short culture period, high density of shrimp, and low temperature. This study suggests that a super-intensive shrimp pond culture method using biofloc technology with no water exchange can minimize viral transmission via water exchange, reduce coastal pollution, and enhance shrimp production.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.470-481
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• 2023

Algal overgrowth in shrimp culture ponds can affect the quality of the aquatic environment, thereby adversely affecting the shrimp and causing economic losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in phytoplankton composition in intensive shrimp ponds in Bac Lieu province, Vietnam. Phytoplankton samples were collected in three black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) ponds and three whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ponds. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and canonical correlation analysis softwares. In total, 75 species of phytoplankton were recorded in black tiger shrimp ponds and 64 species in whiteleg shrimp ponds. Diatoms had the highest species diversity with 29-30 species (39%-47%), followed by green algae with 9-19 species (14%-25%); species numbers of other phyla varied from 5-12 (8%-16%). The total number of phytoplankton species throughout the study varied from 34-50 species. Algal density was relatively high and ranged from 497,091-2,229,500 ind./L and 1,301,134-2,237,758 ind./L in black tiger shrimp and whiteleg shrimp ponds, respectively. The diatom density tended to increase during the final stage of the production cycle in black tiger shrimp ponds. Blue-green algae and dinoflagellates also increased in abundance at the end of the cycle, which can affect shrimp growth. Diatoms were significantly positively correlated with pH, salinity, total ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate (NO₃^-) concentrations (p < 0.05). Blue-green algae and dinoflagellates were positively correlated with salinity, phosphate (PO₄^3-), and NO₃^-. Algal species diversity was lower in the whiteleg shrimp ponds than in the black tiger shrimp ponds. Several dominant algal genera were recorded in the shrimp ponds, including Nannochloropsis, Gyrosigma, Chaetoceros, Alexandrium, and Microcystis. The results of this study provide basic data for further investigations, and they contribute to the management of algae in brackish-water shrimp ponds.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.85-97
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• 1982

This study involves a blending of intensive and extensive shrimp culture techniques for a hypothetical shrimp farm which uses a combination of heated raceway nurseries and extensive grow-out ponds per year. The present value method of economic analysis is used to determine economic feasibility. The biological data in this reports were obtained from published or personal communications from leaders in the field of shrimp aquaculture. The proposed system showed economic feasibility using the present value method with discount rates of 10% and 12%. The most profitable scenario, the culture of three crops of Penaeus vannamei showed a 1.26 year payback period and 120% annual average rate of return. The breakeven price was ＄1.25/1b., which is ＄1.52 less than the market price of ＄2.77. Breakeven production was 724 1bs/acre, which is 8761bs. less than the assumed 1,600 1bs/acre. All other scenarios 1.2 and 3 crops for P. stylirostris and P. setiferus showed economic feasibility also.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2009

새우양식은 서해안의 축제식 양식장에서 거의 전적으로 이루어지고 있지만 최근 바이러스성 질병 피해와 생산성 저하로 해마다 피해가 증가하고 있다. 사육수 비교환 방식의 실내 고밀도 새우양식은 바이러스의 유입의 억제, 배출수에 의한 연안환경 오염 방지, 생산성 향상 뿐 아니라 출하시기의 조절 등 장점이 있어 축제식 양식장의 문제점을 해결할 수 있다. 본 연구는 타가영양을 기본으로 하는 BFT (biofloc technology) 방식으로 제작된 4개의 raceway형 tank (12.9, $18\;m^2$ 각 2개)에 흰다리새우 치하(B.W. 0.08-0.09 g)를 3,000-5,455 마리/$m^3$ 밀도로 입식하고 42일간 환수율 2.7-3.4%/day로 사육한 결과, 생산량은 $2.49-4.22\;kg/m^3$으로 일반 새우종묘배양장의 12-20배, 축제식 양식장의 8-14배에 달하였다. 수확시 tank에 따라서 새우의 평균 체중은 1.45-2.03 g, 생존율은 38.2-48.0%, FCR은 0.79-1.29이었다. 총암모니아성 질소의 농도는 평균 1.11-1.42 ppm이며 최고 6.0 ppm ($NH_3$ 농도, 0.096 ppm)까지 상승하였으나 새우에게 영향을 미칠만한 농도는 아니었다. 아질산성 질소는 사육 초기부터 꾸준히 상승하여 전 기간 평균 18.45-22.07 ppm으로 높게 유지되었다. 또한 아질산성 질소는 모든 tank에서 4주간 10 ppm 이상의 농도가 지속되었으며 후반기 4일 동안은 35-45 ppm의 높은 농도를 보여주어 새우의 생존에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 본 실험에서 보여준 장기간의 높은 아질산염의 농도에도 불구하고 최저 38%의 새우가 생존한 점은 BFT 조건 하에서 아질산염에 대한 새우의 적응능력을 설명해주며 이에 대한 기작과 내성한계 등에 대한 추가적인 추구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2004

A mathematical model is used to investigate nitrogen dynamics in the intensive aquaculture ponds in the western coast of Korea. Parameters associated with water quality, sediments and growing of shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) are measured to calibrate the model for feeding ponds A and B and storage ponds. The model describes the fate of nitrogen including loadings of ammonia from feeds, phytoplankton assimilation, nitrification, sedimentation, volatilization and discharge. The model obtains good agreements with the measured values of TAN $(NH_4,\;NH_3),\;NO(NO_2,\;NO_3)$ and Chl (chlorophyll a). Impacts of water exchange on TAN and Chl are investigated, showing that the range of 0.01-0.2 (/day) cannot effectively reduce TAN but reduces Chl. Nitrogen in the ponds A is removed by sedimentation $66\%,$ volatilization $8\%,$ discharge of particulate and dissolved $8\%.$ The pond B shows $56\%\;and\;26\%$ of sedimentation and volatilization, respectively, to yield $10\%.$ decrease and 8c/o increase compared to those in the pond A. While the pond A has larger area (1.02:0.66 ha) and same stocking density (0.025 md./L) at the beginning of culture, the pond B obtains higher stocking density (0.0065:0.0091 md./L), longer feeding period (103:121 day) and resultant higher shrimp production (1.15:2.13 t/ha/cycle) at harvest. This is possibly due to the hydraulic characteristics driven by paddlewheels. At low ratio of the low speed area and the pond area, the rate of sedimentation is high, while the rate of gas exchange is low. Thus, the measurement and model analysis suggest that water quality and shrimp production are positively correlated with the hydraulic characteristics in the shrimp ponds.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2008

서해안의 주요 양식종인 대하는 최근 바이러스를 포함한 질병으로 인하여 생산성이 크게 저하되고 있다. 이에 대한 대책으로 2003년 이식된 흰다리새우는 급속도로 양식이 확산되어 2007년 전국새우양식 생산량의 62.5%를 점유하였으나 흰다리새우의 특성에 맞는 양식기술은 거의 연구되지 않았다. 새우유생의 중간육성은 생존율과 사료효율의 향상, 생산량 증대, 바이러스성 질병피해 감소 뿐 아니라 양성기간의 단축 등의 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 사육수 비교환 방식으로 시설된 4개의 raceway 수조에 흰다리새우 postlarva (${PL_3}-{PL_{10}}$)를 $3,750-9,090/m^3$의 밀도로 입식하고 중간육성을 실시하였다. 35일의 사육 결과, 생존율은 $4,090/m^3$ 밀도의 수조에서 93.6%로 가장 높았으며, $9,090/m^3$의 tank에서 58.1로 가장 낮았다. 수확시 평균 체중은 0.071-0.108 g이었으며 FCR은 0.59-0.70으로 매우 낮았다. TAN농도는 사육 10일째 전 tank에서 20 ppm까지 상승한 이후 점차 감소하여 3주째부터 크게 낮아졌으며 아질산염 농도는 3주째부터 급격하게 상승하여 타가영양상태로의 전환이 관찰되었다. 본 연구 결과는 일부 시스템의 보완과 규모의 확대를 통하여 양식현장에서 직접 응용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.