• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7843-7846
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• 2015

Background: Some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in invasion and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, there are few studies on association between stromelysin-2 (ST-2) and invasive behavior of HNSCC. The purpose of this study was to investigate Stromelysin-2 expression by immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 81 specimens, including 61 HNSCC and 20 non neoplastic epithelium. Sections with 5 micron thickness were prepared and stained with immunohistochemistry technique. Then expression of ST-2 was evaluated according to percentage of stained cells and intensity of staining. Data were analyzed by SPSS (V.21) using Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey tests (P<0.05). Results: The 61 HNSCC specimens were grades I 36.1%, II 34.4% and III 29.5%. The level of ST-2 expressions were moderate (++) and intensive (+++) in 21.3% and 78.7% of tumors, respectively. The ST-2 expression level was only significant between the tumors with grade I and grade III (P=0.016). Tumors presented ST-2 expression with staining intensity of mild 6.6%, moderate 26.2% and strong 67.2%. Staining intensity of ST-2 in grade I tumors was significantly lower than grade II and grade III (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between grades II and III (P=0.99). Conclusions: According to this study, the expression of ST-2 is associated with histopathological grade and tumor differentiation in HNSCCs.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2011

본 논문은 현재 유선방송 기술기준에서 CDMA 이동통신서비스 대역의 누설전자파 기준이 적절한지를 검증하고자 하였다. 먼저, CDMA 2000 1X 기지국 장비를 통한 실험결과로부터 CDMA 이동통신 시스템의 최대 허용 간섭 레벨은 -110dBm/1.23MHz인 것으로 분석되었다. 이를 토대로 이동통신기지국에 거의 영향을 주지 않을 케이블 방송 옥외 전송설비의 누설 간섭전력의 임계레벨과 누설전자파 세기를 산출하였다. 일반적으로 옥외에서 측정되는 외부시스템의 배경 간섭레벨인 -100~-80dBm/1.23MHz에 대해서 허용될 수 있는 케이블 방송 설비의 누설전자파 임계치는 현행 유선방송 기술기준을 만족시키지 못하였다. 이것은 현행 기술기준이 지나치게 최악의 경우를 상정하여 설정되었음을 의미하므로 이동통신사업자의 실제적인 기지국 조건을 적용하여 합리적인 기술기준을 마련하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1996

In order to produce the high-quality of dried red pepper with respect to a color and a taste we developed a automatic drier equipped with combined several heat energies(ADCHE). and compared the quality of ADCHE-treated red pepper with that of the pepper treated with conventional dryings such as natural, hot-air, and far-infrared ray dryings. The results obtained were as follows : (1) The contents of capsanthin varied significantly with drying methods within the range of 1.7 to 6. 4mg/g dry weight. The capsanthin level of red pepper treated with far-infrared ray drying was higher than that of the pepper treated with ADCHE showed the highest at 51.46mg/g dry weight of three drying methods. (2) As a result of determination of color intensity of-red-pepper using-a colorimeter, the red color intensity of the peppers was affected by drying methods irrespective of drying temperature, and especially a value of red pepper treated with ADCHE was appeared to be 19. 1, indicated that this pepper have the most bright color intensity. (3) The contents of soluble browing subatances increased with a increase in drying temperature, but L* value of red pepper treated with ADCHE was appeared to be 0.187, indicated that this red pepper have the most clear red color (4) The changes of capsanthin level of red pepper according to drying methodes did not show significantly, but generally a decreasing rate of capsanthin levels were lower in that order ADCHE

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2000

This studies were to investigate the effects of low power intensity Helium-Neon Infra-Red(He-Ne IR) laser on the changes of the serum immunoglobulin(1g) components in burn rats, The fourty eight Spraque-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 8 groups: the experimental groups(4), the burn control groups(2) and the control groups(2) There was made three degree burn by the 250mW IR on the back of each rats, from 3 days after being burned, the experimental laser groups were irradiated low power He-Ne IR laser for 3 minutes and 4.5 minutes every day during the 7days and 21 days. The results were as follows: The concentrations of immunoglobulin G(Ig G) in serum of burn rats on the treated with during the 3minutes laser for 7 days were higher than those of burn and 4.5 minutes laser groups. There were significantly decreased the change of the level of immunoglobulin M(Ig M) in serum of burn rats on the treated with 3 minutes laser for 7 days to the control group, but were significantly increased on the 3minutes and 4.5 minutes laser groups for 21 days to the those of burn and control groups, and the levels of the Ig M on the 3minutes laser group for 21 days were higher than those of 7 days. The concentrations of immunoglobulin E(Ig E) in serun of the burn rats on the experimental and burn groups were significantly lower than those in control group. As above results, The changes of the level of immonoglobulin components in serum have meaningful role in the healing process on the treated with the low pewer intensity of HE-Ne IR laser.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.681-686
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• 1998

이상의 결과로부터 spin lavel의 영향은 IASL, MSL은 이완상태 myosin head의 규칙적인 나선 배열은 흐트러진다. 특히 IASL은 효과가 크다. 적도반사의 변화로부터 myosin head는 spin label하는 것에 의해 actin filament 근방에 이동해 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 215 $\AA$ 반사의 감소는 spin lavel에 의한 myosin의 143 $\AA$주기성을 더욱 강하게 해 준다. 143 $\AA$, 72 $\AA$의 거동은 filament축으로부터 투영한 구조를 반영하기 때문에 IASL에는 143 $\AA$ 주기의 밀도분포가 완만하게 되어 있다는 것을 나타내고, MSL에는 143 $\AA$ 분포가 올라와 있다는 것을 나타낸다. actin 반사변화에서 MSL의 actin반사의 증가는 이동한 myosin head가 어떤 actin과 결합하였거나, spin lavel의 영향으로 actin의 구조가 변화되었다. 한편, IASL은 actin반사를 감소 시키기 때문에 myosin head의 결합을 하지 않았다. 결론적으로, 이것은 actin의 SH기에도 spin label되어 actin의 나선 구조가 크게 흐트러짐을 알 수 있었다

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.584-589
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• 2014

Jeffersonia dubia is a spring-flowering perennial found in rich forests in Korea and Northern China and has potential as an ornamental or medicinal plant. However, illegal picking and land use change have decreased the number of populations and overall population size of this plant in its natural habitat. Although J. dubia has been reported to be a shade-preferring plant, no study has determined the optimum light intensity for its growth. The objectives of this work were to observe the effects of various shading levels on the physiological responses of J. dubia and to determine the proper shading level for cultivation. Treatments consisted of four shading levels (0%, 50%, 75%, and 95% shade) imposed using black mesh cloth. The number of leaves and dry weight increased with decreased shading. The shoot-to-root ratio increased with increased shading, mainly due to decreased root dry weight under shading. Plants showed low net $CO_2$ assimilation rates and $F_v/F_m$ values combined with low dry matter levels when grown under 0% shade (full sunlight). These results indicate that J. dubia plants experience excessive irradiance without shading, resulting in damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. By contrast, the net photosynthesis rate increased as the shading level increased. $F_v/F_m$, the potential efficiency of PSII, was 0.8 under 95% shade, indicating that J. dubia is well-adapted under heavy shading. However, the low dry matter of plants in the 95% shade treatment indicated that the low light intensity under 95% shade led to a decline in plant growth. Thus, moderate light (50% shading) is recommended for cultivating J. dubia without physiological defects.

• 대기
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-151
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• 2010

This study establishes a conceptual model to analyze heavy rainfall events in Korea using multi-functional transport satellite-1R satellite images. Three heavy rainfall episodes in two major synoptic types, such as synoptic low (SL) type and synoptic flow convergence (SC) type, are analyzed through a conceptual model procedure which proceeds on two steps: 1) conveyer belt model analysis to detect convective area, and 2) cloud top temperature analysis from black body temperature (TBB) data to distinguish convective cloud from stratiform cloud, and eventually estimate heavy rainfall area and intensity. Major synoptic patterns causing heavy rainfall are Changma, synoptic low approach, upper level low in the SL type, and upper level low, indirect effect of typhoon, convergence of tropical air in the SC type. The relationship between rainfall and TBBs in overall well resolved areas of heavy rainfall. The SC type tended to underestimate the intensity of heavy rainfall, but the analysis with the use of water vapor channel has improved the performance. The conceptual model improved a concrete utilization of images and data of satellite, as summarizing characteristics of major synoptic type causing heavy rainfall and composing an algorism to assess the area and intensity of heavy rainfall. The further assessment with various cases is required for the operational use.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.452-465
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 의료 치료용으로 고강도 집속 초음파를 발생시킬 수 있는 오목한 환상형 배열 트랜스듀서의 구조를 최적설계하였다. 트랜스듀서는 곡률반경으로 40 mm를 가지는 여러 개의 동심원 채널로 이루어진 위상배열 구조이다. 구조 설계를 위해 트랜스듀서의 음장을 해석할 수 있는 이론식을 유도하였으며, 이론식 계산 결과의 타당성을 유한요소해석 결과와 비교함으로써 검증하였다. 배열 트랜스듀서의 기하학적 초점 이외 지점에서의 동적 집속 가능 유무도 함께 확인하였다. 또한 음장 내 원하지 않는 지점에 발생하는 그레이팅 로브의 레벨은 트랜스듀서의 채널수와 주파수와의 관계를 이용하여 개선될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 정점으로부터 특정 범위 내에 주엽이 존재하면서 그레이팅 로브를 포함한 최대 부엽의 크기를 체계적으로 줄일 수 있도록 트랜스듀서 구조를 최적 설계하였다. 설계된 구조는 모든 집속 지점에서 목표를 만족하는 성능을 보였다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of applying intensity on the muscle activity and muscle hardness of the upper trapezius muscle in adult males when TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) was applied. In addition, this study intends to prepare the scientific basic data of TENS for the purpose of relaxation based on the experimental results. Methods : Eighty-seven healthy adult males participated in the experiment, and they were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. All subjects in this study were healthy subjects without musculoskeletal or nervous system damage. All subjects were subjects who voluntarily consented to the purpose and method of the experiment. All subjects were provided with a load by typing for 20 minutes, and muscle activity and muscle hardness of the upper trapezius muscle were measured immediately. Afterwards, TENS was given to each groups for 15 minutes, and the experimental group received stimulation at the motor threshold level, and the control group received a placebo stimulation. After stimulation, muscle activity and muscle hardness of the upper trapezius muscle were measured in the same method. The measured data were compared between groups through an independent t-test and dependent t-test. The statistical significance level was set at .05. Results : The application of TENS statistically significantly decreased the muscle activity and muscle hardness of the trapezius muscle in the experimental group, and the results showed a significant difference from the control group. Conclusion : Application of TENS significantly decreased the muscle activity and muscle stiffness of the upper trapezius muscle. The application of TENS of applying intensity that induces muscle contraction may induce relaxation by reducing the muscle activity and muscle hardness of the trapezius muscle.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.425-433
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• 1983

Fatigue tests by axial loading (R=0.1) were carried out to investigate fatigue crack growth properties of small surface cracks in mild steel at room temperature, 250.deg. C and 400.deg. C, by using flat specimens with a small artificial pit. All the data of the fatigue crack growth rate obtained in the present tests are determined as a function of the stress intensity factor range, so that the applicability of liner fracture mechanics to the fatigue crack growth of surface cracks at elevated temperatures is investigated and discussed in comparison with the data of type 304 stainless steel at room temperature and elevated temperature. The obtained results are as follows: 1) Relations of both surface fatigue crack length and its depth to cycle ratio fall within a narrow scatter band in spite of different stress levels. 2) The .DELTA. .sigma. .root. .pi. a-da/dN relation of surface fatigue crack growth at room temperature is independent of the stress level and can be plotted as a straight line at log-log diagram, but the relation at 400.deg. C depends partly on the stress level. 3) Relations of the fatigue crack growth into depth d(2b)/dN and is stress intensity factor range .DELTA. $K_{I}$, accounted for the aspect ratio variation, fall within a narrow scatter band for wide range of the applied stress levels. And .DELTA. $K_{I}$E-d(2b)/dN relations of mild steel at different stress level coincide relatively well with the data of type 304 stainless steel. 4) The value of aspect ratio obtained by a beach mark method and a temper coloring method approaches about 0.9 in common with crack growth and it is independent of stress level and temperatures. 5) The equi-crack length curve is parallel to S-N$_{f}$ curve at elevated temperatures.s.s.s.