• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
• /
• pp.504-507
• /
• 2006

Airborn Lidar technology has been applied to diverse applications with the advantages of accurate 3D information. Further, Lidar intensity, backscattered signal power, can provid us additional information regarding target's characteristics. Lidar intensity varies by the target reflectance, moisture condition, range, and viewing geometry. This study purposes to generate normalized airborne LiDAR intensity image considering those influential factors such as reflectance, range and geometric/topographic factors (scan angle, ground height, aspect, slope, local incidence angle: LIA). Laser points from one flight line were extracted to simplify the geometric conditions. Laser intensities of sample plots, selected by using a set of reference data and ground survey, werethen statistically analyzed with independent variables. Target reflectance, range between sensor and target, and surface slope were main factors to influence the laser intensity. Intensity of laser points was initially normalized by removing range effect only. However, microsite topographic factor, such as slope angle, was not normalized due to difficulty of automatic calculation.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.67.2-67.2
• /
• 2016

The Sun has diverse variations in solar atmosphere's layers due to solar activity. This solar variations can be recognized easily by sunspots which appear on the solar photosphere. Thus the sunspot on the photosphere is utilized by direct index of the solar activity. The other variation of the photosphere is center-to-limb variation (CLV). In this study, we analyze the relative intensity observed by SOHO, SDO. The data of photospheric intensity are from full disk images of SOHO/MDI intensity ($6768{\AA}$, from May 1994 to March 2011) and of SDO/HMI intensity ($6173-6174{\AA}$, from May 2010 to June 2016). As the result, we found the latitudinal variation of the intensity. The daily photospheric intensity showed the solar cyclic variation with sunspot number. It has a little difference of phase with sunspot number.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.485-491
• /
• 2008

LiDAR systems are usually incorporated a laser scanner and GPS/INS modules with a digital aerial camera. LiDAR point clouds and digital aerial images acquired by the systems provide complementary spatial information on the ground. In addition, some of laser scanners provide intensity, radiometric information on the surface of the earth. Since the intensity is unnecessary of registration and provides the radiometric information at a certain wavelength on the location of LiDAR point, it can be a valuable ancillary information but it does not deliver sufficient radiometric information compared with digital images. This study utilize the LiDAR points as ground control points (GCPs) to adjust exterior orientations(EOs) of the stereo images. It is difficult to find exact point of LiDAR corresponding to conjugate points in stereo images, but this study used intensity of LiDAR as an ancillary data to find the GCPs. The LiDAR points were successfully used to adjust EOs of stereo aerial images, therefore, successfully provided the prerequisite for the precise registration of the two data sets from the LiDAR systems.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 2000

The frequency analysis of annual maximum rainfall data and the derivation of probable rainfall intensity formula at Masan station are performed in this study. Based on the eight different rainfall duration data from 10 minutes to 24 hours, eight types of probability distribution (Gamma, Lognormal, Log-Pearson type III, GEV, Gumbel, Log-Gumbel, Weibull, and Wakeby distributions), three types of parameter estimation scheme (moment, maximum likelihood and probability weighted methods) and three types of goodness-of-fit test (${\chi}^2$, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramer von Mises tests) were considered to find an appropriate probability distribution at Masan station. The Lognormal-2 distribution was selected and the probable rainfall intensity formula was derived by regression analysis. The derived formula can be used for estimating rainfall quantiles of the Masan vicinity areas with convenience and reliability in practice.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.648-653
• /
• 2003

In order to predict stress intensity limit of high-temperature creep structures, creep work-time equation, defined as $W_ct^P=B$, was used, and the results of the equation were compared with isochronous stress-strain curve (ISSC) ones of ASME BPV NH Code. For this purpose, the creep strain tests with. time variations for commercial type 316 stainless steel were conducted with different stresses; 160 MPa, 150 MPa, 145 MPa, 140 MPa and 135 MPa at $593^{\circ}C$. The results of log $W_c$ and log t plots showed a good linear relation up to $10^5$ hr. The constants p, B and stress intensity limit values showed comparatively good agreement to those of ASME NH ISSC. It is believed that the relation can be simply obtained with only several short-term 1% strain data without ISSC which can be obtained by long-term creep data.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제86권1호
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2023

This article examines the seismic vulnerability of soil nail wall structures. Detailed information regarding finite element modeling has been provided. The fragility function evaluates the relationship between ground motion intensities and the probability of surpassing a specific level of damage. The use of incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) has been applied to the soil nail wall against low to severe ground motions. In the nonlinear dynamic analysis of the soil nail wall, a set of twenty seismic ground motions with varying PGA ranges are used. The numerical results demonstrate that the soil-nailed wall reaction is extremely sensitive to earthquake ground vibrations under different intensity measures (IM). In addition, the analytical fragility curve is provided for various intensity values.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.257-277
• /
• 2022

Does servitization improve manufacturing firms' performance, and in what condition? Following the seminal work of Crozet and Milet (2017), this study analyzes disaggregated firm-level data that covers 40,000 South Korean manufacturing firms surveyed by the Survey of Business Activities of Korea. We compute firm-level servitization intensity with available sales data of each firm by two-digit SIC sub-sectors. We find two novel empirical regularities: Korean servitization intensity distribution shows a very different shape from the French benchmark; Servitized firms tend to perform higher profitability and higher productivity than non-servitized firms.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
• /
• pp.278-281
• /
• 2006

Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA) has issued the tropical storm(typhoon) warning or advisories when it was developed to tropical storm from tropical depression and a typhoon is expected to influence the Korean peninsula and adjacent seas. Typhoon information includes current typhoon position and intensity. KMA has used the Dvorak Technique to analyze the center of typhoon and it's intensity by using available geostationary satellites' images such as GMS, GOES-9 and MTSAT-1R since 2001. The Dvorak technique is so subjective that the analysis results could be variable according to analysts. To reduce the subjective errors, QuikSCAT seawind data have been used with various analysis data including sea surface temperature from geostationary meteorological satellites, polar orbit satellites, and other observation data. On the other hand, there is an advantage of using the Subjective Dvorak Technique(SDT). SDT can get information about intensity and center of typhoon by using only infrared images of geostationary meteorology satellites. However, there has been a limitation to use the SDT on operational purpose because of lack of observation and information from polar orbit satellites such as SSM/I. Therefore, KMA has established Advanced Objective Dvorak Technique(AODT) system developed by UW/CIMSS(University of Wisconsin-Madison/Cooperative Institude for Meteorological Satellite Studies) to improve current typhoon analysis technique, and the performance has been tested since 2005. We have developed statistical relationships to correct AODT CI numbers according to the SDT CI numbers that have been presumed as truths of typhoons occurred in northwestern pacific ocean by using linear, nonlinear regressions, and neural network principal component analysis. In conclusion, the neural network nonlinear principal component analysis has fitted best to the SDT, and shown Root Mean Square Error(RMSE) 0.42 and coefficient of determination($R^2$) 0.91 by using MTSAT-1R satellite images of 2005. KMA has operated typhoon intensity analysis using SDT and AODT since 2006 and keep trying to correct CI numbers.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제14권10호
• /
• pp.483-497
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 8주간의 복합트레이닝 운동 강도가 지적장애 청소년의 렙틴, 성장호르몬, 인슐린유사성장요인-1(IGF-1), 신체조성에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구의 대상은 경도 지적장애 청소년 총 26명으로 고강도운동 집단 9명, 중강도 운동 집단 9명, 저강도 운동집단 8명을 선정하였다. 복합 트레이닝 운동강도에 따른 차이를 비교하기 위해 트레이닝 처치 전 사전 값을 공변인으로 하고 각각의 운동 강도를 독립변인으로 하였으며, 렙틴, 성장호르몬, 인슐린유사성장요인-1, 신체조성에 대한 변화를 종속변인으로 하였다. 자료 분석은 공변량 분석을 실시하였으며, 효과크기 ${\eta}^2$(eta)를 산출하였다(p<.05). 분석된 자료를 통하여 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성장기에 있는 지적장애 청소년들에게 동일한 운동량이 주어졌을 때 운동 강도별에 따라 렙틴은 중강도에서 가장 많이 감소하고, 성장호르몬의 증가는 중강도에서 가장 많이 증가하며, IGF-1의 증가는 저강도에서 가장 많이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신체조성에 있어 체지방량의 증가는 저강도가 가장 효과적이며, 체지방량의 감소는 중강도에서 가장 효과적이고, 골밀도의 증가는 저강도에서 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 후속저인 연구에서는 성별, 개인별 운동수행 능력에 따른 구분을 통한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.1189-1194
• /
• 2002

Acoustic intensity is usually estimated by the cross-spectrum of acoustic pressure at two adjacent micrphones. The cross-spectrum calculated by digital Fourier transform technique will unavoidally have leakage error since the period of signal will not be usually coincident with record length. Therefore, the acoustic intensity estimated by the conventional r]n analyzer will show distorted value. In this paper the expression of the Fourier transformed data of a harmonic signal is formulated when there is leakage error. The method to elimate the effect of leakage error from the contaminated data is also proposed. Some numerical examples show the validation of the proposed method.