• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.489-498
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• 2018

Objective: Foot and mouth disease (FMD) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are major diseases that interrupt porcine production. Because they are viral diseases, vaccinations are of only limited effectiveness in preventing outbreaks. To establish an alternative multi-resistant strategy against FMD virus (FMDV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV), the present study introduced two genetic modification techniques to porcine cells. Methods: First, cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163), the PRRSV viral receptor, was edited with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9 technique. The CD163 gene sequences of edited cells and control cells differed. Second, short hairpin RNA (shRNAs) were integrated into the cells. The shRNAs, targeting the 3D gene of FMDV and the open reading frame 7 (ORF7) gene of PRRSV, were transferred into fibroblasts. We also developed an in vitro shRNA verification method with a target gene expression vector. Results: shRNA activity was confirmed in vitro with vectors that expressed the 3D and ORF7 genes in the cells. Cells containing shRNAs showed lower transcript levels than cells with only the expression vectors. The shRNAs were integrated into CD163-edited cells to combine the two techniques, and the viral genes were suppressed in these cells. Conclusion: We established a multi-resistant strategy against viral diseases and an in vitro shRNA verification method.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.592-603
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• 2018

In order to obtain better target identification performance, an efficient waveform design method with high range resolution and low sidelobe level for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is proposed in this paper. First, the wideband CP-based OFDM signal is transmitted on each antenna to guarantee large bandwidth and high range resolution. Next, a complex orthogonal design (COD) is utilized to achieve code domain orthogonality among antennas, so that the spatial diversity can be obtained in MIMO radar, and only the range sidelobe on the first antenna needs suppressing. Furthermore, sidelobe suppression is expressed as an optimization problem. The integrated sidelobe level (ISL) is adopted to construct the objective function, which is solved using the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) algorithm. The numerical results demonstrate the superiority in performance (high resolution, strict orthogonality, and low sidelobe level) of the proposed method compared to existing algorithms.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.249-257
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• 2017

This research discusses user's context based design methodology for location-based AR contents design. A media contents regarding mobile service should be designed considering user's context in dynamic environment. In this regard, I would like to suggest user's context centered design method for augmented reality contents. There are two different research methods in conventional context-based design method. This research tries to totalize two methods. In this sense, this research investigated previous researches which make a new design method. And then, context-based design methods are compared and the pros of them are integrated so as to create a new context-based design method. This new methodology aims to be an effective design method of creating AR contents in the future.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.305-312
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• 2017

The most effective way to distinguish subsurface interfaces that produce various geophysical responses is through the integration of multiple geophysical methods, with each method detecting both a complementary and unique set of distinct physical properties relating to the subsurface. In this study, shallow seismic reflection (SSR) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were conducted at the Cheongju-Gadeok site of the Korea National Groundwater Monitoring Network to map the water table, which was measured at 12 m depth during the geophysical surveys. The water table proved to be a good target reflector in both datasets, as the abrupt transition from the overlying unsaturated weathered rock to the underlying saturated weathered rock yielded large acoustic impedance and dielectric constant contrasts. The two datasets were depth converted and integrated into a single section, with the SSR and GPR surveys conducted to ensure subsurface imaging at approximately the same wavelength. The GPR data provided detailed information on the upper ~15 m of the section, whereas the SSR data imaged structures at depths of 10-45 m. The integrated section thus captured the full depth coverage of the sandy clay, water table, weathered rock, soft rock, and hard rock structures, which correlated well with local drillcore and water table observations. Incorporation of these two geophysical datasets yielded a synthetic section that resembled a simplified aquifer model, with the best-fitting seismic velocity, dielectric constant, and porosity of the saturated weathered layer being $v_{seismic}=1000m/s$, ${\varepsilon}_r=16$, and ${\phi}=0.32$, respectively.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.75-84
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• 2012

PURPOSES : This paper aims to improve the evaluation method of the Level of Service(LOS) for urban streets presented by the current Korean Highway Capacity Manual(KHCM) and suggest its utilization plan as a part of the methods to evaluate the sustainability of a transportation policy. METHODS : This paper carried out a research in 3 steps to develop a new evaluation method. First of all, this paper reviewed the previous studies related to the LOS of urban streets and the socially requested items for a sustainable transportation system. Then this paper derived an index and weight through expert questions to select an evaluation index. Lastly, this paper compared the results according to the existing evaluation methods with the new evaluation methods through case studies. This paper used an Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) for importance analysis and weight selection between new evaluation items and indices, and applied a Grey System Theory(GST) for a synthetic and integrated evaluation between the selected evaluation indices. RESULTS : As a result of evaluating the LOS according to the existing evaluation methods and the integrated evaluation methods using a GST through case studies, it was analyzed that new methods' results are less than or equal to the existing evaluation methods; and as a result of applying a weight between evaluation indices according to AHP, it was noticed that the total score seems to rise more when the LOS in the existing evaluation is calculated lower. It was analyzed that the LOS calculated by reflecting the newly established evaluation items and the importance between indices in this study has difference from the LOS of the existing urban streets. CONCLUSIONS : It is expected that this evaluation method can diagnose the current conditions when establishing a future sustainable traffic system and can be used for the measurement of the sustainability effects of the improvement plans and so on.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.149-169
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• 2009

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control(IPPC) has become an idealistic environmental prevention concept in developed countries and corresponds with principles of Industrial Ecology. The concept of emissions regulatory integration is a key factor for an integrated environmental management system. While most EU member countries have a cross-media regulatory system, Korea has a media-specific regulatory system which was found to have significant environmental management problems. The purpose of this study is to integrate the emissions regulatory system by resolving difficulties through procedural, organizational, and substantive analysis of integration. To this end, the following research was performed: The first task was to determine the target of the integrated emissions regulatory system. In connection with this, the "IPPC directive" of the EU and the "PPCA 2000" schedule 1 of the UK, as well as environmental laws in Korea were compared and analyzed. The second was to design a regulatory system model. This model was divided into three groups after considerations were made regarding the time it would take for the pre-application,application, and permission stages. Lastly, on the basis of this research, a revised bill for an integrated emissions regulatory system was suggested. Nevertheless, substantive analysis of integration focused on BAT requires supplementation in order to make the integrated emissions regulation system operate normally as an environmental management policy and regulation method. To this end, the specific characteristics of Korean society, culture, and law should be actively considered.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.138-143
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• 2011

In spite of abundant clinical resources of stroke patients, the objective and logical data analyses or diagnostic systems were not established in oriental medicine. As a part of researches for standardization and objectification of differentiation of syndromes for stroke, in this present study, we tried to develop the statistical diagnostic tool discriminating the 4 subtypes of syndrome differentiation using the essential indices considering the sex. Discriminant analysis was carried out using clinical data collected from 1,448 stroke patients who was identically diagnosed for the syndrome differentiation subtypes diagnosed by two clinical experts with more than 3 year experiences. Empirical discriminant model(V) for different sex was constructed using 61 significant symptoms and sign indices selected by stepwise selection. We comparison. We make comparison a between discriminant model(V) and discriminant model(IV) using 33 significant symptoms and sign indices selected by stepwise selection. Development of statistical diagnostic tool discriminating 4 subtypes by sex : The discriminant model with the 24 significant indices in women and the 19 significant indices in men was developed for discriminating the 4 subtypes of syndrome differentiation including phlegm-dampness, qi-deficiency, yin-deficiency and fire-heat. Diagnostic accuracy and prediction rate of syndrome differentiation by sex : The overall diagnostic accuracy and prediction rate of 4 syndrome differentiation subtypes using 24 symptom and sign indices was 74.63%(403/540) and 68.46%(89/130) in women, 19 symptom and sign indices was 72.05%(446/619) and 70.44%(112/159) in men. These results are almost same as those of that the overall diagnostic accuracy(73.68%) and prediction rate(70.59%) are analyzed by the discriminant model(IV) using 33 symptom and sign indices selected by stepwise selection. Considering sex, the statistical discriminant model(V) with significant 24 symptom and sign indices in women and 19 symptom and sign indices in men, instead of 33 indices would be used in the field of oriental medicine contributing to the objectification of syndrome differentiation with parsimony rule.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.251-254
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• 2006

A precise real-time method of using the IGS ultra rapid products (IGU) and the GPS broadcast ephemeris to calculate the VRS orbit corrections was presented here which was suited for GPS/VRS reference station network based positioning. Test data acquired from both the SGRSN (Sichuan GPS Reference Station Network) and SCIGN (Southern California integrated GPS network) were used to evaluate the performance of the modeling techniques. The new method was proven to be more precise and reliable compared with the existing conventional network-based orbit error interpolation method. It was shown that 0.004ppm relative accuracy was reached, namely the influence from the orbit bias for the RTK positioning within 100km area can be of sub-millimeter level.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.4D
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• pp.527-538
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• 2011

Currently, the only established criteria is on the location of bus stops on principal roads where uninterrupted flow mainly occurs. There are no clear guidelines on any method to locating bus stops considering the characteristics of bus operation and pedestrians. If the location or exterior of a bus stop is inappropriate, road users including bus drivers and pedestrians will be caused serious dangerous and inconvenience. In this study, the research below was performed in order to propose rational criteria for the location of bus stops integrated with or separated from speed-change lanes at signalized intersections considering smooth traffic flow and the characteristics of bus operation and pedestrians as well as traffic safety : First, the appropriate length of each of the near-side and far-side bus stops was calculated by categorizing bus stops to be constructed into those integrated with speed-change lanes and those separated from speed-change lanes. Secondly, the appropriate length of each of the bus stops divided into near-side bus stops and far-side bus stops and integrated with or separated from speed-change lanes was selected by considering the characteristics of pedestrians. Thirdly, whether the construction locations of bus stops were appropriate or not was determined based on the appropriate length of bus stops integrated with or separated from speed-change lanes, which was calculated and selected by considering traffic flow and the characteristics of pedestrians and considering traffic safety. The method for locating bus stops considering traffic flow, the characteristics of pedestrians, and traffic safety will be able to help suggestion criteria of bus stop and the location of safe and pleasant bus stops.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.80-90
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• 2000

This study was carried out to introduce current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. Since the end of 20th century, the native ecology and landscape of Japan remained only a limited areas such as stream side, water side and forest areas. Therefore, recently the works of forest conservation and erosion control of environmental restoration on stream side tended to increased. The strategic prospects of environmental restoration in Japan were summarized as follows : 1. From the ecological point of view, we have to develop a certain method and technology in construction of forest conservation and erosion control to prevent environmental problem from erosion control works. 2. We have to restore not only a continuity of stream side forest from a primitive area to an estuary but also the stream side forest to preserve and restore a stream side vegetation on a primitive watershed areas. 3. We have to improve a method of construction or removal of a structure which were constructed in the stream to restore a water side environment and an interaction system for an integration on a forest land, stream, and erosion control. Additionally, we have to establish an integrated evaluation method and an enforcement system after investigation of influences on natural environment, stream, and forest etc. 4. We have to conduct an integrated research to investigate the ecosystem of stream side, and construct environmentally friendly water park and erosion control park which considered natural environment and its landscape. Additionally, we need to introduce and adopt a natural style stream construction method to restore a water side areas.