• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2006

In remediation of the contaminated soil, it requires to select at least more than two remediation technologies depending on the fate and transport phenomena through complicated reactions in soil matrix. Therefore, methodologies related to develop the integrated remediation technology were reviewed for agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals. Pneumatic fracturing is necessary to implement deficiency because soil washing is not effective to remove heavy metals in the subsurface soil. But it needs to evaluate the characteristics such as essential data and factors of designated technology in order to effectively apply them in the site. In the remediation site, the important soil physical and chemical factors to be considered are hydrology, porosity, soil texture and structure, types and concentrations of the contaminants, and fate and its transport properties. However, the integrated technology can be restrictive by advective flux in the area which remediation is highly effective although both soil washing and pneumatic fracturing were applied simultaneously in the site. Therefore, we need to understand flow pathways of the target contaminants in the subsurface soils, that includes kinetic desorption and flux, predictive simulation modeling, and complicated reaction in heterogenous soil.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

As Total Maximum Daily Load program is being implemented, needs for the management and treatment of contaminated sediment are rising to attain cleaner water resources. In this paper, impacts and management methods of contaminated sediment were reviewed. Remediation technologies for contaminated sediment including dredging, natural attenuation, in situ solidification/stabilization, in situ biological remediation, in situ chemical remediation and capping were reviewed. Integrated remediation scheme was presented as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.131-152
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze modern fashion culture in the 20th century through changes in transmedia in order to better understand characteristics of fashion contents. The study also strived to identify the characteristics of remediation in modern fashion and media by exploring the cultural code, and use it to establish an integrated view. The subjects and the method of the study are as follows. First, the study analyzed the development of transmedia and fashion culture since the 20th century. Second, it identified the transitional characteristics of transmedia. Third, the study analyzed the characteristics of remediation in modern fashion culture by using the characteristics of mediation, which appeared with the transitional characteristics of transmedia. The study results are as follows. First, the types of remediation are 'borrowing,' 'Representation,' 'Expansion,' 'Refashion,' and 'Absorb.' In old and new media, each type can be aesthetically experienced in 'transparency,' opaqueness,' 'Hypermediacy,' and 'Immediacy.' Second, fashion culture can undergo a transformation from its original form to a second and a third iteration, and this process allows for possibility of an expansion of multiple plots and well-rounded character settings. This opens up the possibility for fashion consumer participation, and signifies a transition into an environment where expansion of time and space is possible. The third finding is the non-mediation of fashion objects. The mediating relationship between clothes and media is directly connected to the development of new media. The immersion of new media by fashion consumers has the characteristics of 'transparency'/'Non-mediation,' and the reinterpretation and reproduction of original fashion styles have the characteristics of 'opaqueness'/'Hyper-mediation.' Fourth, fashion culture has data variability. Through 'Borrowing,' 'Representation,' 'Expansion,' 'Remodeling,' and 'Absorption,' the cultural hierarchy of reproduced fashion forms a multi-layered integrated network. Mediation code, which repurposes fashion culture contents, also creates new media fashion through transmedia.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2007

Soil contamination in Korea has been accelerated every year. Because of their persistence and cumulative tendency in the environment, soil contaminants have potential long-term environmental and health concerns and it is estimated to cost enormous expense for clean-up. Korea government has legislated the law on conservation of soil environment in mid 1990s, and managed and treated hazardous wastes in contaminated sites as a remediation policy since then. Soil remediation technologies are classified into in-situ/ex-situ or biological/physico-chemical/thermal processes according to applied places or treatment methods, respectively. In Korea, clean-up of polluted sites has been mostly carried out at military areas, railroad-related sites and small-scale oil spilt sites. For these cases, in-situ remediation technologies such as soil vapor extraction (SVE) and bioventing were mainly used. In recent days, an environmental-friendly soil remediation emerged as a new concept - for example, a new soil remediation process using nanotechnology or molecular biological study and an integrated process which can overcome the limitation of individual process. To have better applicability of remediation technologies, comprehensive understandings about the pollutants and soil characteristics and the suitable techniques are required to be investigated. Above all, development of environmental technologies based on the sustainability accompanied by public attention can improve soil environment in Korea.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.35-44
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• 2014

In this study, the bio-phytoremediation and phytoremediation technologies were applied to the soils contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and heavy metals to evaluate the remediation efficacy from May 2012 to December 2013. Poplar (Populus bonatii Levl.) and Sun Hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) were selected and planted in phytoremediation practice. These plants were also utilized in the bio-phytoremediation practice, with the addition of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and petroleum-degrading bacteria (Pseudomonos sp. NKNU01). Furthermore, physiological characteristics, such as photosynthesis rate and maximal photochemical yield, of all testing plants were also measured in order to assess their health conditions and tolerance levels in adverse environment. After 20 months of remedial practice, the results showed that bio-phytoremediation practice had a higher rate of TPH removal efficacy at 30-60 cm depth soil than that of phytoremediation. However, inconsistent results were discovered while analyzing the soil at 100 cm depth. The study also showed that the removal efficiency of heavy metals was lower than that of TPH after remediation treatment. The results from test field tissue sample analysis revealed that more Zinc than Chromium was absorbed and accumulated by the tested plants. Plant height measurements of Poplar and Sun Hemp showed that there were insignificant differences of growth between the plants in remediation plots and those in the control plot. Physiological data of Poplar also suggested it has higher tolerance level toward the contaminated soils. These results indicated that the two testing plants were healthy and suitable for this remediation study.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.75-95
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Increase of heavy metals in agricultural ecosystem has become a social issue nationwide as it is related to public health. This review was performed to find out more systematic and integrated future researches on heavy metals using up to date articles published in the Korean journals related to agricultural environment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Researches on heavy metals in agricultural soils and plant uptake were categorized by the establishment of criteria, analytical methods, monitoring, management of source, characteristics and behavior in soil, plant uptake, bioavailability affecting physico -chemical properties in soil, risk assessment and soil remediation. In the early 1990s, the monitoring for heavy metals in soil has been widely performed. Accumulation of heavy metals in contaminated soil and availability to plants has also attracted interests to study the soil remediation using various physico-chemical methods. The phytoavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals have been mainly studied to assess the safety of agro-products using risk assessment techniques in the 2000s. CONCLUSION: Future direction of research on heavy metal in agricultural environment must be carried out by ensuring food safety and sustainability. A steady survey and proper management for polluted regions should be continued. Law and regulation must be modified systematically. Furthermore, studies should expand on mitigation of heavy metal uptake by crops and remediation of polluted fields.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.17-19
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• 2004

Recently, we have recognized that ‘Soil Environmental Prevention Act’could not provide perfect solutions on many complicated problems which are now emerging and/or can be solved by adopting comprehensive policies. In this study, some suggestions were made to solve a few tangled problems such as conducting the Land Partnership Plan(LPP) project, investigating soil and ground water contamination of the industrial area, building a integrated information system for soil and ground water, establishing detailed guidelines for remediation and verification, and re-constructing the legal and institutional framework for integrated management of soil and ground water. These suggestions may help policy makers to build conceptual frameworks for solving these problems.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.64-71
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• 2010

National inventory of soil and groundwater contamination is an efficient decision-making tool to identify and manage existing or potential contaminated sources and contaminants. It has been used as basic data for establishing the scheme of regulations and remediation plans of soil and groundwater contamination in developed countries. This study examined classification of existing or potential sources of soil and groundwater contamination from various countries to suggest implications that required for development of classification of soil and groundwater contamination sources in Korea. Each country has provided a list of currently or potentially contaminating activities or landuses and identified some of the potential contaminants related to those contamination sources. Consideration of sources which had not been mentioned or regarded as contamination sources before was suggested for Korea situation. In addition, it is necessary to compile a list of existing data and information as much as possible to develop a detailed and practical list of various contamination sources.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.717-726
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• 2022

This study was conducted to assess the geochemical contamination degree of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn in the soil and water samples from an abandoned gold mine. Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were carried out to assess the geochemical contamination degree of the soil samples. Variations of sulfate and heavy metals concentration in water samples were determined to identify the geochemical distribution with respect to the distance from the mine tailing dam. Geochemical pollution indices indicated significant contaminated with As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in the soil samples that areas close to the mine tailing dam, while, Sb showed similar indices in all soil samples. These results indicated that the As, Cd, Pb, and Zn dispersion has occurred via anthropogenic sources, such as mining activities. In terms of water samples, anomalies in the concentrations of As, Cd, Zn, and SO₄^2- was determined at specific area, in addition, the concentrations of the elements gradually decreased with distance. This result implies the heavy metals distribution in water has carried out by the weathering of sulfide minerals in the mine tailing and soil. The study area has been conducted the remediation of contaminated soil in the past, however, the geochemical dispersion of heavy metals was supposed to be occurred from the potential contamination source. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the soil and water is necessary after the completion of remediation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.316-319
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• 2005

Contaminated area should be identified for designing polluted groundwater cleanup plan. A methodology was suggested to identify a contaminant plume distribution geostatistically. James & Gorelick (1994) suggested a methodology to evaluate data worth as expected reducing remediation cost. In this study, their methodology was modified to evaluate data worth as expected reducing uncertainty of the contaminant plume distribution. In suggested methodology, the source identification model by Mahar & Datta (2001) using a forward solute transport model is integrated. Suggested methodology was assessed by two simple example problems and its result represented reducing uncertainties of contaminant plume distribution successfully.