• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

In recent years, there were frequent exogenous contagious diseases in Eastasia like SARS(severe acute respiratory syndrome), Avian influenza, Swine influenza, MERS etc. But there are various interpretations about their pathological differentiations and lead to controversy to diagnosis and medicinal use. So there needs universal and consistent understanding methods. Several conclusions are obtained from the research on differentiation theories of various epidemic diseases. Essential elements of differential diagnostic system are pathogen, characters and matters of disease and loci, especially three yin and three yang has close affinity with constitutional features or body shape. Binding these 3 categories, an integrated differentiation 3 dimensional coordinates are made. Out of these, each elements of 3 pathogen-axial lines are related with names of exogenous disease, and those of 3 feature-axial lines are related with 8 principal patterns. And those of 3 locus-axial lines implicating therapeutic method are related with steps and location of exterior and interior, 3 yin 3 yang, Defense, Qi, Nutrient and Blood, five viscera and six bowels and tissues. Additionally, 3 lines of each axis consist of factors which have their own affinity each other, so classification of pathogen, feature, locus of disease has layered interconnectedness. This classification system is included in constitutional features of individual patient. Afterwards, these cognitive structure can be used as a general theory guiding method of therapy, prevention and aftercure healthcare.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.772-779
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• 2009

Object : In the present study, we investigated the obesity and blood parameters between Qi-deficiency and Fire/Heat pattern identification/syndrome differentiation (PI/SD) in acute stroke patients. Materials and Methods : A total of 391 stroke patients within 7 days after onset were consecutively recruited from 12 hospitals across South Korea from Nov. 1st, 2006 to Jun. 31st, 2009. They were diagnosed as Fire/Heat or Qi-deficiency among five PI/SD subtypes by two independent stroke experts. We investigated the differences of obesity and blood characteristics between Fire/Heat and Qi-deficiency by statistical analyses. Results : In male subjects, obesity was significantly associated with Fire/Heat PI/SD. The averaged mean BMI ($24.13kg/m^2$) and waist circumference(89.34cm) of the Fire/Heat group were higher than those of the Qi-deficiency group ($22.60kg/m^2$ and 83.43 cm, respectively). The number of obese patients was larger in the Fire/Heat group than in the Qi-deficiency group (p = 0.001). Hyperlipidemia was also related with Fire/Heat. However, obesity was not associated with PI/SD in female subjects where the number of hyperlipidemic patients was higher in the Qi-deficiency group. Among blood parameters, the levels of triglycerides and fasting blood sugar were higher in the Fire/Heat group compared with the Qi-deficiency group in male subjects. However, total cholesterol of the Qi-deficiency group was higher than in the Fire/Heat group among female subjects. Conclusion : This study shows that obesity and hyperlipidemia are significantly difference between Qi-deficiency and Fire/Heat. We suggests that PI/SD may be associated with clinical characteristics and large population study between PI/SD and clinical characteristics including blood parameters are needed.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2013

Objectives: Classifying the pattern of jaundice during diagnosis will significantly improve the outcome of common KM interventions. This study aimed at determining an objective index for accurately diagnosing heat and dampness KM patterns in patients with jaundice. Methods: We systematically reviewed laboratory findings from case reports published in the scientific literature of Korean medicine. Cases were classified as following either the heat or dampness pattern. Biochemical indices were compared using a Bayesian factor (BF) analysis and standard t-tests. Results: The laboratory findings of 32 patients were evaluated. The heat pattern was observed in 17 patients and the dampness pattern in 15. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of white blood cell count (BF=1.659); hemoglobin concentration (BF=2.627); platelet count (BF=1.019); or levels of direct bilirubin (BF=1.453), aspartate aminotransferase (BF=1.226), alanine aminotransferase (BF=1.340), alkaline phosphatase (BF=2.344), or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (BF=2.782). However, total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the dampness pattern group (BF=0.854, P-value=0.070). Conclusions: Patients with high total bilirubin levels may predominantly follow the dampness pattern, while those with low levels may predominantly follow the heat pattern. These results are expected to be useful for the development of timely and efficient KM treatments as well as new integrative therapeutic approaches for jaundice. However, further studies are essential to fully validate the utility of total bilirubin as a biomarker for differentiating between heat and dampness patterns.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2011

This research empirically examined the determinants of competitive advantages and performance of Korean film industry from 1996 to 2003 over a sample of 396 movies. Especially, the effects of knowledge-based resources, social capital, product differentiation strategy, and market entry strategy on a film performance were hypothesized and empirically tested. Findings of this study are as follows; First, confirming the importance of knowledge-based resources in film industry, both the superior business track records of producers and the superior artistic track records of directors and actors had positive effects on film performance. Second, supporting social capital hypotheses, while the strong ties between directors and producers had positive effects, the strong ties between directors and actors had negative effects on film performance. Third, confirming the importance of product differentiation strategy, genre differentiation against competing films had positive effects on film performance. Finally, confirming the importance of market entry timing, the number of competing films released following a film opening within a week had negative effects on film performance. The findings of this research suggest that producers, directors, and actors are not only the critical knowledge-based resources to create competitive advantages indeed, but the pattern of relationships among them also systematically influences the film performance. Moreover, it is suggested that film performance may be improved by the proper genre differentiation and opening day selection.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.624-633
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop an integrated undergraduate course including a PBL based on a blended learning strategy, and evaluate learners' responses. Methods: The learning contents of cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal medical systems, and nursing diagnoses of 'activity and rest' domain (NANADA's classification II, 2005) were analyzed. Six clinical scenarios with the clients in different life cycles were developed for PBL. Classical lecture and group presentation with on-line self learning were implemented in addition to PBL. The developed course was implemented on 84 junior nursing students in a university for 7 weeks with 5 hours per day, two days per week. Students were asked to complete structured questionnaires including problem solving, critical thinking, and nursing diagnosis differentiation abilities. Results: Learner's evaluation was positive in problem solving skills and in the differentiation ability of nursing diagnoses relevant to an 'activity and rest' functional health pattern. Conclusion: Development and implementation of integrated courses based on a blended learning method need to be continued to enhance students' thinking and self-directed learning abilities. Supporting strategies for individual learners should be added for successful blended learning such as individual on-line feedback and consideration of individual learning outcomes.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2023

Objectives : To understand the theoretical principle of the pulse patterns listed in the 27 Pulses chapter in the Donguibogam, to further examine the relationship between the pattern and according disease of each pulse. Based on these findings, the fundamental meaning of Heo's theories and specific characteristics of the seven exterior pulses were understood. Methods : First, the 27 Pulses chapter of Heo Jun and Zhenmaimun chapter of Lichan were compared. Next, the Chandomaekgyeol and the Maijing were compared to determine bibliographical evidence of Heo's integration of pulse patterns. Based on the main references, the relationship between pattern and disease were studied, along with cases where the principles of the 27 pulses were applied in the Maekbeob chapter of the Donguibogam. Results & Conclusions : In the 27 Pulses chapter, Heo undertook the task of integrating the pulse patterns based on the differentiation of the excessive type and deficient type, along with the awareness of the issue of pulse pattern and disease matching. In specific, he organized and integrated the linguistic expressions of pulses in major pulse texts, directly intervening in places that he felt needed additional explanation. In conclusion, we found that the 27 pulses are systematic, rational, and unique in terms of pulse integration.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2016

Recent advances in systems biology are shedding a new light on the traditional medicine research. The systems biology highlights the way each component interacts with each other within a system, and the network behavior that emerges from such interactions. This feature of systems biology can accent the systemic aspects of Korean medicine such as the mechanism of action of herbal formulae, pattern differentiation, and the meridian systems, as both the Korean medicine and the systems biology theorize the human physiological functions and phenomena from a holistic point of view. This paper outlines the meaning of the recent Korean medicine research using the systems biology methodology. We discuss the methodologies of the two fields in a comparative manner, and overview the advantages and limitations of the integrated approaches. Finally, we suggest the future prospects for the systems biology inspired approaches to the Korean medicine research. The systems biology may provide a new modernized research methodology for the Korean medicine that can highlight its unique features.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNA molecules best known for their function in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Immunologically, miRNA regulates the differentiation and function of immune cells and its malfunction contributes to the development of various autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Over the last decade, accumulating researches provide evidence for the connection between dysregulated miRNA network and autoimmunity. Interruption of miRNA biogenesis machinery contributes to the abnormal T and B cell development and particularly a reduced suppressive function of regulatory T cells, leading to systemic autoimmune diseases. Additionally, multiple factors under autoimmune conditions interfere with miRNA generation via key miRNA processing enzymes, thus further skewing the miRNA expression profile. Indeed, several independent miRNA profiling studies reported significant differences between SLE patients and healthy controls. Despite the lack of a consistent expression pattern on individual dysregulated miRNAs in SLE among these studies, the aberrant expression of distinct groups of miRNAs causes overlapping functional outcomes including perturbed type I interferon signalling cascade, DNA hypomethylation and hyperactivation of T and B cells. The impact of specific miRNA-mediated regulation on function of major immune cells in lupus is also discussed. Although research on the clinical application of miRNAs is still immature, through an integrated approach with advances in next generation sequencing, novel tools in bioinformatics database analysis and new in vitro and in vivo models for functional evaluation, the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of miRNAs may bring to fruition in the future.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.96-109
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• 2022

본 연구는 도시재생사업에서 핵심전략으로서 조경의 역할과 존재 가치를 세부사업 유형별로 확인하고자 출발하였고 도시재생 활성화계획의 추진과정에서 나타난 조경의 참여 양상과 특성을 파악하여 그 증진 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 도시재생사업이 추진된 2017년부터 2019년까지의 뉴딜사업 중 공원, 정원, 조경, 쉼터, 숲, 녹화, 식재, 꽃 등의 용어가 사업내용에 포함된 총 822개소를 대상으로 유형별 사업에서 조경의 참여 현황과 선행연구 분석, 문헌조사, 활성화 계획보고서, 사업주체별 인터뷰 등 통합적 접근 방법을 적용하였으며, 사업유형에 따른 조경의 참여 양상과 특성을 구분하여 도표화하였다. 도시재생사업에서 조경적 특성을 사업유형에 따라 하드웨어적 또는 소프트웨어적 참여방식으로 분석한 결과, 사업의 추진과정에서 확인된 조경의 참여 양상과 증진방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 도시재생에서 조경의 역할과 참여 양상은 도시재생사업의 유형에 따라 각각 다르게 나타났다. 사업의 유형별 전제 조건과 사업의 추진 주체, 사업별 재생전략의 방향 및 차별성, 주민의 참여도 등이 복합적으로 작용하고 있어 조경의 참여 행위가 변화된 의미와 역할로 변화, 확대되고 있었다. 둘째, 도시재생사업에서 조경의 확대된 참여방식의 변화와가치는 사업의 추진과정에서 다의적이고 복합적인 특성으로 나타났는데 이는 고전적 의미로 조경 가치가 사업유형에 따라 실체적 양상이 변화되어 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 본 연구를 통해 도시재생에서활용될수있는재생의 전략적, 실천적 수단으로서 '조경'의 역할과 가치 인식에 대한 중요성을 확인하였다. 따라서 조경의 참여 증진을 위해서는 형태와 장소(form & place)적 측면의 공원 조성 등 하드웨어적 사업위주의 참여에서 사업별 도시재생 전략에 따른 참여방식의 변화를 통한 다양화가 요구된다. 아울러 소프트웨어적 사업의 과정(process)적 측면에서도 체험 및 활동프로그램으로 주민들 간 공동체 의식함양에 중요한 매개체 역할을 하는 조경의 참여가 필요하다. 본 연구는 도시재생사업 추진의 주체로 조경의 역할이 확대되고 있음을 실체적으로 파악하고, 그 증진 방향을 제시했다는 것에서 의의를 찾을 수 있으며, 향후 도시재생의 계획과 실천적 영역에서 조경적 특성을 활용한 참여와 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다.