• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.1176-1182
• /
• 2021

Recently, with the development of artificial intelligence and IoT technology, automation, and unmanned work are progressing in various fields, and the importance of image processing, which is the basis of AI object recognition, is increasing. In particular, in systems that require detailed data processing, noise removal is used as a preprocessing step, but the existing algorithm does not consider the noise level of the image, so it has the disadvantage of blurring in the filtering process. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a modified Gaussian filter that determines the weight by determining the noise level of the image. The proposed algorithm obtains the noise estimate for the AWGN of the image using quadtree segmentation, determines the Gaussian weight and the pixel weight, and obtains the final output by convolution with the local mask. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, it was simulated compared to the existing method, and superior performance was confirmed compared to the existing method.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.81-99
• /
• 2022

The aim of current work is to evaluate thermo-electrical characteristics of graphene nanoplatelets Reinforced Composite (GNPRC) coupled with magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) face sheet. In this regard, a cylindrical smart nanocomposite made of GNPRC with an external MEE layer is considered. The bonding between the layers are assumed to be perfect. Because of the layer nature of the structure, the material characteristics of the whole structure is regarded as graded. Both mechanical and thermal boundary conditions are applied to this structure. The main objective of this work is to determine critical temperature and critical voltage as a function of thermal condition, support type, GNP weight fraction, and MEE thickness. The governing equation of the multilayer nanocomposites cylindrical shell is derived. The generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is employed to numerically solve the differential equations. This method is integrated with Deep Learning Network (DNN) with ADADELTA optimizer to determine the critical conditions of the current sandwich structure. This the first time that effects of several conditions including surrounding temperature, MEE layer thickness, and pattern of the layers of the GNPRC is investigated on two main parameters critical temperature and critical voltage of the nanostructure. Furthermore, Maxwell equation is derived for modeling of the MEE. The outcome reveals that MEE layer, temperature change, GNP weight function, and GNP distribution patterns GNP weight function have significant influence on the critical temperature and voltage of cylindrical shell made from GNP nanocomposites core with MEE face sheet on outer of the shell.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
• /
• v.35S no.11
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 1998

This paper is the result of constructing information processing system such as living creatures' brain based on artificial life techniques. The living things are best information processing system in themselves. One individual is developed from a generative cell. And a species of this individual has adapted itself to the environment through evolution. In this paper, we propose a new method of designing neural networks using biological inspired developmental and evolutionary concept. Ontogeny of organism is embodied in cellular automata(CA) and phylogeny of species is realized by evolutionary algorithms(EAs). We call 'Evolving Cellular Automata Neural Systems' as ECANSI. The connection among cells is determined by the rule of cellular automata. In order to obtain the best neural networks in given environment, we evolve the arragemetn of initial cells. The cell, that is a neuron of neural networks, is modeled on chaotic neuron with firing or rest state like biological neuron. A final output of network is measured by frequency of firing state. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by applying it to Exclusive-OR and parity problem.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.343-349
• /
• 2012

Objective : Pedicle-based dynamic stabilization systems, in which semi-rigid rods or cords are used to restrict or control spinal segmental motion, aim to reduce or eliminate the drawbacks associated with rigid fusion. In this study, we analyzed the two-year clinical outcomes of patients treated with the NFlex (Synthes Spine, Inc.), a pedicle-based dynamic stabilization system. Methods : Five sites participated in a retrospective study of 72 consecutive patients who underwent NFlex stabilization. Of these 72 patients, 65 were available for 2-year follow-up. Patients were included based on the presence of degenerative disc disease (29 patients), degenerative spondylolisthesis (16 patients), lumbar stenosis (9 patients), adjacent segment degeneration (6 patients), and degenerative lumbar scoliosis (5 patients). The clinical outcome measures at each assessment were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure back pain, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) to measure functional status. Radiographic assessments included evidence of instrumentation failure or screw loosening. Results : Sixty-five patients (26 men and 39 women) with a mean age of 54.5 years were included. Mean follow-up was 25.6 months. The mean VAS score improved from 8.1 preoperatively to 3.8 postoperatively, representing a 53% improvement, and the ODI score from 44.5 to 21.8, representing a 51% improvement. Improvements in pain and disability scores were statistically significant. Three implant-related complications were observed. Conclusion : Posterior pedicle-based dynamic stabilization using the NFlex system seems effective in improving pain and functional scores, with sustained clinical improvement after two years. With appropriate patient selection, it may be considered an effective alternative to rigid fusion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.842-848
• /
• 2012

In this paper, as a proper authentication method, we made it authenticate a user who has unauthorized device with using authorized device received from telecommunication company using QR code. We designed a better performance protocol which can authenticate mutually using safer and uncomplicated operations than existing user authentication system. Proposed user authentication system authenticates previously authorized mobile device without any information of client who is requesting to get access from outside, so we can basically prevent attack from hackers. In the future, we can possibly use it as user authentication method in common internet environment or we could study on user unique information instead of mobile device information.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2024

Due to the high inflation rate of dining out, along with changes in group meals or cafeteria services, office workers are increasingly using workplace cafeterias to reduce their meal expenses even slightly. With the recent development of ICT technology, various fields are realizing that not only are smartphones becoming more popular, but they are also becoming an integration of the latest technologies. In this paper, we analyze the current status of cafeterias with a large number of customers and propose ways to improve problems or difficulties. Since most people always carry their smartphones for urgent communication or work tasks, we aim to develop a cafeteria management system that utilizes the NFC function of smartphones. By presenting the process from customer entry to menu selection, it will enable more efficient use of the cafeteria.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.88-94
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The use of appropriate instruments to clean surfaces with minimal change, is critical for the successful maintenance of a dental implant. However, there is no consensus about the type and methodology for such instruments. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in the roughness of titanium surfaces treated by various scaling instruments. Methods: Thirty-seven identical disks (5 mm in diameter) were investigated in this study. The specimens were divided into eight groups according to the types of instrumentation and the angle of application. Ultrasonic scaling systems were applied on a titanium disk to simulate standard clinical conditions. The equipment included a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler with a newly developed metallic tip (NS group), a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler with a conventional tip (CS group), a piezoelectric root planer ultrasonic scaler with a conventional tip (PR group), and a plastic hand curette (PH group). In addition, the sites treated using piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler systems were divided two sub-groups: 15 and 45 degrees. The treated titanium surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the average surface roughness (Ra) and mean roughness profile depth (Rz) were measured with a profilometer. Results: SEM no significant changes in the titanium surfaces in the NS group, regardless of the angle of application. The PH group also showed no marked changes to the titanium surface, although some smoothening was observed. All CS and PR sites lost their original texture and showed irregular surfaces in SEM analysis. The profilometer analysis demonstrated that the roughness values (Ra and Rz) of the titanium surfaces increased in all, except the PH and NS groups, which showed roughness decreases relative to the untreated control group. The Ra value differed significantly between the NS and PR groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that changes in or damage to titanium surfaces might be more affected by the hardness of the scaler tip than by the application method. Within the limitations of this study, the newly developed metallic scaler tip might be especially suitable for peri-implant surface decontamination, due to its limited effects on the titanium surface.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.363-374
• /
• 2015

Instrumentation and control(I&C) system has been mainly designed and operated based on analog technologies in existing Nuclear Power Plants(NPPs). However, As the development of Information Technology(IT), digital technologies are gradually being adopted in newly built NPPs. I&C System based on digital technologies has many advantages but it is vulnerable to cyber threat. For this reason, cyber threat adversely affects on safety and reliability of I&C system as well as the entire NPPs. Therefore, the software equipped to NPPs should be developed with cyber security attributes from the initiation phase of software development life cycle. Moreover through cyber security assessment, the degree of confidence concerning cyber security should be measured and if managerial, technical and operational work measures are implemented as intended should be reviewed in order to protect the I&C systems and information. Currently the overall cyber security program, including cyber security assessment, is not established on I&C systems. In this paper, we propose cyber security assessment methods in the Software Development Life Cycle by drawing cyber security activities and assessment items based on regulatory guides and standard technologies concerned with NPPs.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2005

The range of hardware implementation increases in communication systems as high-speed processing is required for high data rate. In the broadband wireless access (BWA) system based on IEEE standard 802.16 the functions of higher part in the MAC layer to Provide data needed for generating MAC PDU are implemented in software, and the tasks from formatting MAC PDUs by using those data to transmitting the messages in a modem are implemented in hardware. In this paper, the interface hardware for efficient message exchange between MAC and PHY layers in the BWA system is designed. The hardware performs the following functions including those of the transmission convergence(TC) sublayer; (1) formatting TC PDU(Protocol data unit) from/to MAC PDU, (2) Reed-solomon(RS) encoding/decoding, and (3) resolving DL MAP and UL MAP, so that it controls transmission slot and uplink and downlink traffic according to the modulation scheme of burst profile. Also, it provides various control signal for PHY modem. In addition, the truncated binary exponential backoff (TBEB) algorithm is implemented in a subscriber station to avoid collision on contention-based transmission of messages. The VLSI architecture performing all these functions is implemented and verified in VHDL.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.68 no.3
• /
• pp.151-159
• /
• 2024

Indian spices are well known for their numerous health benefits, flavour, taste, and colour. Recent Advancements in chemical technology have led to better extraction and identification of bioactive molecules (phytochemicals) from spices. The therapeutic effects of spices against diabetes, cardiac problems, and various cancers has been well established. The present in silico study aims to investigate the binding affinity of 29 phytochemicals from 11 Indian spices with two prominent proteins, BCL3 and CXCL10 involved in invasiveness and bone metastasis of breast cancer. The three-dimensional structures of 29 phytochemicals were extracted from PubChem database. Protein Data Bank was used to retrieve the 3D structures of BCL3 and CXCL10 proteins. The drug-likeness and other properties of compounds were analysed by ADME and Lipinski rule of five (RO5). All computational simulations were carried out using Autodock 4.0 on Windows platform. The proteins were set to be rigid and compounds were kept free to rotate. In-silico study demonstrated a strong complex formation (positive binding constants and negative binding energy ΔG) between all phytochemicals and target proteins. However, piperine and sesamolin demonstrated high binding constants with BCL3 (50.681 × 10³ mol^-1, 137.76 × 10³ mol^-1) and CXCL10 (98.71 × 10³ mol^-1, 861.7 × 10³ mol^-1), respectively. The potential of these two phytochemicals as a drug candidate was highlighted by their binding energy of -6.5 kcal mol^-1, -7.1 kcal mol^-1 with BCL3 and -6.9 kcal mol^-1, -8.2 kcal mol^-1 with CXCL10, respectively coupled with their favourable drug likeliness and pharmacokinetics properties. These findings underscore the potential of piperine and sesamolin as drug candidates for inhibiting invasiveness and regulating breast cancer metastasis. However, further validation through in vitro and in vivo studies is necessary to confirm the in silico results and evaluate their clinical potential.