• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제26권
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• pp.75-112
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to investigate the problems concerning 780 music division of DDC. The object is especially arrangement of 780 music in the 20th edition of DDC which is the complete revision. The result is summarized as follows : 1. Although music is an important subject in humanities, especially in arts, it was classified as one division (780) not class. 2. The arrangement of 780 music is severely west-oriented music theory, vocal music and instrumental music. 3. Classification number of 780 music becomes longer because of the limitation of decimal notation. 4. 780 music division of DDC neglects music theory and emphasizes music practicing, especially performance. 5. The assignment of classification number is unbalanced, especially between theory and practice, composition and performance, and among sub-sections of vocal and instrumental music. 6. Many important subject are omitted in DDC music schedule, for example, musicology and branches of musicology, composition and traditional instruments of many countries. 7. Employment of terminology is often improper and inconsistant.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

본 연구에서 프로그래밍 교육과정의 내용 요소는 정보과학 영재가 아닌 과학영재학생들을 위한 도구교과로 설계되었다. 먼저, 도구교과로써의 프로그래밍 교육과정은 2학기 동안의 수업 결과를 바탕으로, 프로그래밍의 이해, 객체지향 프로그래밍, 시뮬레이션 프로그래밍의 3영역으로 구성하여 내용요소를 설계하였다. 그 후, 과학영재 고등학교 학생들에게 수학, 과학 수업이나 연구에서 활용 가능 여부 확인을 위해, 한 학기동안 수업 및 프로젝트과제, 문제해결과제를 수행하였다. 연구 결과를 통해, 학생들이 Computational thinking 기반의 문제해결능력 뿐 아니라 수학, 과학 분야에서의 수치 해석 및 시뮬레이션 프로그램 개발 역량이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 학생들은 프로그래밍 학습이 과학, 수학 공부나 연구를 하는데 필요한 도구교과라는 생각으로 바뀐 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과가 과학영재학교에서 도구교과 성격으로서의 정보 교과의 프로그래밍 교육과정을 설계하는데 가이드라인을 제시할 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was investigate the relationships among perceived social support, instrumental support needs, and depression of healthy, community dwelling elderly women. Method: This study was designed to examine whether the perceived social support and instrumental support were correlated with depression in elderly women. Data were cross-sectional and community-dwelling elderly individuals. The subject was 98 elderly women recruited from Elderly Welfare Center and Community center for Elderly. The instruments for this study were Personal Resource Questionnaire-part II, Geriatric Depression Scale (Short Form), and Instrumental Support Activities Checklist. Data were gathered by means of structured personal interviews. The internal consistency of the instruments was relatively good. Result: The participants' perceived social support was moderately high and instrumental support needs was low. Depression was mild and moderate relatively. The correlation analysis showed that the perceived social support was negatively related to depression and negatively related with instrumental support needs. Conclusion: The findings suggested that more perceived social support, less their depressive symptom in elderly women. It also revealed that the age, marital status, and socioeconomic status of elderly women also are important indicator of the elderly depression. Therefore nursing assessment and the design of intervention that incorporate the determinants supported in this study, such as perceived social support of the elderly women are needed in adopting and maintain health promoting lifestyle for the mental health and effective functioning in later life in women.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1992

Previous studies indicated that unmarried persons are subject to higher mortality than the married, and that the differentials are more marked for male than for females. There are two major approaches to explaining the marital status differentials in mortality ; selection function and protection function of marriage. Following protection fucntion, this study develops the new "instrumental / expressive sex-role" hypothesis in order to explain why marriage protects males more against death. The hypothesis expects that male's instrumental role and female's expressive role have direct effect as well as indirect effect through social integration on sex differential mortality by marital status. for the hypothesis testing, Korea and US vital statistics and census data are used to compute age-specific , age-adjusted mortality rates and their ratios for persons in different marital status. Major findings are as follows. 1)For both Korea and US being married is more advantageous to males than females, ad being widowed, divorced, and separated is more disadvantageous to males, while being never-married is more disadvantageous to females, 2) For Korea, the never married men and women have the highest mortality rates, 3) For US the never married women have the highest mortality rate, while the divorced, separated, and widowed men have the highest mortality rate. Fro both Korea and US data, selection function is rejected, but instrumental/expressive sex-role hypothesis succeeds in accounting for the sex and marital status differential in mortality.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.95-108
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was 1)to examine the effect of various stress on adjustment in terms of depression and well-being, 2) to examine whether the widow's self complexity and coping behavior mediate the effect of various stress on adjustment . The subject was composed of 117 women in the first 7 years of their widowhood. The major results of findings were as following: 1. Widows experienced children-related stress(54.7%), financial stress(47%), emotional loneliness(42.7%), relational stress(34.2%), and instrumental stress(27.4%) in their order. 2. Widows who experienced emotion loneliness had high depression and low well-being. And Widows who experienced financial stress reported low well-being. 3. When widows experienced instrumental stress, Widows who had high active coping behavior reported high well-being than widows who had low active coping behavior.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2021

This paper attempts to explore the need and importance of values integration in educational activities to mitigate learning crisis and promote sustainable learning achievement. The traditional approach, commercial motive, focus on instrumental knowledge coupled with many other contemporary issues have collectively smothered the fundamental humanistic principles of education. To avert the situation and execute the core objectives, we need to shift our focus: a shift from instrumental knowledge to humanistic-transformational knowledge; a shift from the traditional approach of supplying and storing information to learning to deal with the real-world problems; a shift from head to heart. Values integration is an attempt to initiate and promote this shift. Rather than teaching values and moral principles under a particular subject heading, values need to be a part of everyday in-school and out-school activities. To concretize this concept, a model is proposed in this study as a holistic model of values integration via whole school ambiances and community support.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2015

목적 : 본 연구는 오차배제훈련을 병행한 시간차회상훈련이 경도인지장애(Mild Cognitive Impairment; MCI) 환자의 기억력에 미치는 효과와 수단적 일상생활(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; IADL) 및 우울에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 주간보호시설에 등록된 78세 MCI 노인을 대상으로 단일 대상 실험 연구 중 ABA 설계를 사용하여 실험을 진행하였다. 연구를 진행한 총 16회기 중 기초선 A는 총 3회기, 중재기간 B는 총 10회기, 기초선 A'는 총 3회기였다. 기억력을 측정하기 위한 회기별 평가로 Rey-Kim 언어 기억 검사(K-Auditory Verbal Learning Test; K-AVLT)를 사용하였고, 인지기능, IADL 수행 능력, 우울을 측정하기 위하여 각각 한국판 몬트리올 인지평가(Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA-K), 필라델피아 노인 센터 IADL 도구(Philadelphia Geriatric Center Instrumental Activities Daily Living; PGC IADL), 한국판 노인우울척도(Geriatric Depression Scale Korean Version; GDS-K)를 사용하였다. 결과 : 대상자는 기초선 A기간에 비하여 중재를 제공한 B기간에서의 즉시회상 및 지연회상이 현저히 증가하였다. 또한, 즉시회상과 지연회상 모두 B 기간에서 증가하던 측정값의 경향이 중재를 제거한 후인 기초선 A'구간에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. MoCA-K 점수는 향상을 보였으며, PGC IADL 점수는 중재 전과 후가 같았고 GDS-K의 점수는 감소하였다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 MCI 환자를 대상으로 실시한 오차배제훈련을 병행한 시간차 회상훈련의 근거를 확고히 하였다. 나아가 MCI 환자들이 기억력과 함께 어려움을 겪는 요인을 향상시키기 위한 중재 및 기억력과 다른 기능적 요소들에 대한 상관관계에 대하여 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.311-331
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• 2014

예비교사들의 정의에 대한 도구적인 교수학적 내용지식을 관계적인 교수학적 내용 지식으로 변화하도록 하기 위하여, Kinach의 인지전략을 반영한 교수과제를 단계적으로 제시하였다. 연구자는 먼저 예비교사들이 '정의'와 '정의를 가르친다는 것'을 어떻게 이해하는지를 확인하였으며, 예비교사들의 통념에 도전함으로서 정의의 재발명이라는 새로운 교수방법을 포용할 수 있는 동인을 부여하였다. 예비교사의 PCK '성장' 과정은, 정의의 교수법에 대한 백지상태의 PCK를 수학교육이론으로 채우는 것이 아니라, 도구적 PCK를 확인하고 도전하며 변화 및 확장하였던 정반합(正反合)적 과정이었다. 이와 같은 사례는 교사의 지식 성장과 교사교육의 방법론에 대한 새로운 방향을 모색하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.795-807
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise therapy to oldwomen's muscle strength, flexibility and IADL. To identify the effect of exercise therapy on oldwomen's muscle strength, flexibility and IADL, this study attempted to determine grip strength, back strength, leg strength, flexibility of upper and low(flexion, extension, abduction), flexibility of trunk(flexion, extension) and IADL, using dynamometer, goniometer and Geriatric center IADL, for 34 female. Thirty-four subjects participating in this study consisted of A group(from sixty-five to sixty-nine, eleven person), B group(from seventy to seventy-four, twelve person), C group(over seventy-five years old, eleven person). Data from the findings of this experiment were computed for and standard deviation by using repeated measurement of MINI TAB. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn : 1. Subject group showed significantly higher scores on effect of exercise between three age group after regular exercise. 2. Subject group showed significantly higher scores on muscle strength(grip strength, back strength, leg strength) and there is a difference between three age group after regular exercise of muscle strength. 3. Subject group showed significantly higher scores on flexibility (upper, lower, trunk) and there is a difference between three age group after regular exercise of flexibility. 4. Subject group showed significantly higher scores on IADL(Instrumental activities of daily living) and there is a difference between three age group after regular exercise. As a result of this study, the effect of exercise training program had improved muscle strength, ROM (range of motion) of joint, IADL. Thus exercise training program could be beneficially applied for the prevention of disability and promotion of health and wellbeing in the aged easily and safely.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2004

Purpose: This study examined the health status of elderly. Method: This is a survey using cross-sectional design. The subject were 122 elders who were 65 and over in Daejeon. Instrumental activity of daily living, nutrition and Body mass index for physical health status, social engagement for social health status, and depression and loneliness for emotional health status were measured. Results: Independent level was medium, and nutrition and BMI were normal level. Social engagement score was 2.38 which means low. Mean depression level was 7.71 and mean loneliness level was 56.77, which means high. The risk factors for vulnerable health status were no spouse, lower pocket money, living at institution, poor subjective health status. Conclusion: This finding indicates that the elderly subjects were in normal physical health status, but social and emotional health status were poor.