• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.353-364
• /
• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on changes in airflow in the upper airway (UA) of an adult patient with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) using computational fluid-structure interaction analysis. Methods: Three-dimensional UA models fabricated from cone beam computed tomography images obtained before (T0) and after (T1) MARPE in an adult patient with OSAS were used for computational fluid dynamics with fluid-structure interaction analysis. Seven and nine cross-sectional planes (interplane distance of 10 mm) in the nasal cavity (NC) and pharynx, respectively, were set along UA. Changes in the cross-sectional area and changes in airflow velocity and pressure, node displacement, and total resistance at maximum inspiration (MI), rest, and maximum expiration (ME) were investigated at each plane after MARPE. Results: The cross-sectional areas at most planes in NC and the upper half of the pharynx were significantly increased at T1. Moreover, airflow velocity decreased in the anterior NC at MI and ME and in the nasopharynx and oropharynx at MI. The decrease in velocity was greater in NC than in the pharynx. The airflow pressure in the anterior NC and entire pharynx exhibited a decrease at T1. The amount of node displacement in NC and the pharynx was insignificant at both T0 and T1. Absolute values for the total resistance at MI, rest, and ME were lower at T1 than at T0. Conclusions: MARPE improves airflow and decreases resistance in UA; therefore, it may be an effective treatment modality for adult patients with moderate OSAS.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2018

Immersive space is a new type of space, which is converged with other domains and expressed in various ways and here, a mutual exchange between space and participants is realized with active intervention of participants. The purpose of this study is to examine boundary changes and characteristics in virtual space and reality or inside and outside, focusing on immersive space. For this study, a case analysis was conducted, based on the key words regarding flow experience and boundary characteristics in immersive space. The boundary characteristics extracted are as follow. First, while immersive space is overlapped in many different ways, the boundary in space gradually changes and one unique and convergent space is formed. Also, a combination of overlap is made with internal and external physical force and a convergent boundary is created. Second, forms are mixed in diverse ways and an unrealistic boundary space is revealed. For new experience, it has familiar, but new experiential characteristics and also shows an expanded boundary by the medium of different domains. Third, a simultaneous space, based on variability of time and space, has an ambiguous boundary due to a meaningless physical boundary of space and changing into a space region constantly, it becomes an unlimited variable space. Fourth, a linear expansion-based emergent space has nonlinearity, which creates a meaningless boundary, recognized as an irregular, dynamic and transformative space and expands to a creative space. In conclusion, it is anticipated that based on diverse characteristics found in immersive space, this study would give unlimited inspiration to many design fields and art creation activities and contribute to a further development through continued research on immersive space.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.12
• /
• pp.891-899
• /
• 2009

We need education program and contents that satisfy on-off line's education maximize an initiative spirit development in an absence of UI design for infants and elementary students. For the multiplicity of inflection of these initiative spirit development education program, we need development of contents and teaching materials(Cre-kids) that can educate both in on-line and in off-line. Cre-kids are divided of four areas that are increased fluency, flexibility, originality and delicacy. Four areas are ideas of language, visual, making and computer. Through each area, we can develop children's systematic modeling idea ability. And we divide of fluency, flexibility, originality and delicacy each four areas and evaluate each aspect and mark for index. That is CDQ(Creativity Design Quotient). Through the evaluation result, we will be able to study about a modeling initiative spirit index.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.79-93
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze designs of exhibition clothing in terms of the use of Korean image, to review objectively contents about the use of traditional image, understand external elements of works, and give directions and basic data for future works. This study selected the total 250 works as the subject of this study among the collected data. This study classified and examined the use of Korean image found in exhibition clothing according to period, item, line and form, material, technique of expression and accessary between 1996 and 2004. The results of analysis are as follows (1) The most artworks were comprised in adaptation were Choson costume. (2) Most of them were clothing works for female. The item of chima were the most preferred in use. (3) The straight lines are used more frequently than curved lines. Forms of skirts were applied to those of silhouettes, H and A form were common. (4) In terms of materials, traditional materials such as silk, linen and cotton were commonly used. (5) Geometric patterns and plant pattern were found more often than others. (6) In terms of techniques of expression, patchwork was most frequent, quilting, embroidery and pleating were ranked second, third and fourth. (7) In accessaries and other item, gorom were most common and norigae were ranked second. (8) As Korean image has been expressed by fine parts of traditional costumes, the traditional living item, and local symbols, the range of works are becoming wider.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.3 no.1 s.5
• /
• pp.19-39
• /
• 2003

It is often assumed by many people that science is male-oriented subject area. It is due to the fact that many examples and models dealt in the science teaming are male, and also there are more male scientists and female. Because the content of many science books are male-centered, it reinforces interest and self-confident for boys, whereas, it discourages the inspiration to develop the identity of scientists as a woman. In the West, in order to solve these issues, the educators have attempted to identify various factors in the science achievement, job description, and others which may contribute in developing gender difference in science learning and attitude towards science. It is also further attempted to develop girl-friendly science learning materials to facilitate education of woman scientists and also encourage their participation in the areas of science and technology. In this study, various strategies for female science education have been explored and suggested by examining science learning programs for female students, analyzing research literatures on the gender difference in science education.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.705-731
• /
• 2004

This study is to be used for research material for pastoral counseling, by analyzing grounded-theoretically how substance abusers' awareness of self and experience of relations affects problems in abusing drugs. The subject of this study was chosen as 9 prisoners who were able to participate in group counseling, among those who were in prison for substance abuse and had more than 6 months of penal servitude left. In addition, in order to indicate counseling research methods through this study, 12 group counselings were carried out during October 24th. 2002 and February 14th. 2003 and verbatim were written out to be used as original material. After the research material was analyzed, they could be categorized into 60 concepts on the whole from 'conflict' and 'constraining thinking' to 'rationalization' and 'avoidance'. When these concepts were organized into groups of similarity, there were all together 20 categories. From this study, it can be found that substance abusers had "problems about self" and "problems about relations". The factor which affected their use of drugs was the area of relations, where as henceforth their use of drugs, the situation in which they could not escape from the use of substances was affected by problems within the area of self. When facing such problems as substance abuse, the pastoral counselor must create a holding environment through counseling, and perform good enough mothering by being insightful and providing active support on the problem. They must also help one's growth into "an empathizing self", "an accepting self", "a trusting self", "a hopeful self", who can empathize, accept, trust and hope, through experience in separation from the problem, conversion, meta-communication, self-rumination, relations and inspiration of hope. Likewise, the church must be able to act as a "place of growth and skill" which aids in the forming of relations and helps to be aware of self through experience in, and understanding of, relations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.56 no.7 s.107
• /
• pp.58-67
• /
• 2006

This study of popular culture is in based on an academic point of view and based thereon an investigation of popular culture from a fashion standpoint follows. This study is to suggest that the popular culture theory can be a basic framework to examine the characteristics of fashion Icon and to verify that the characteristics of Fashion Icon is similar to the codes of the popular culture of today, This study considers the characteristics of popular culture as commercialism, mass-media relationship and a symbolic interaction. The images of movie stars projected through diverse entertainment media are the very fashion icons and strong role models that are copied by consumers. Now, the public take the lead in cultural industry, and they create new images as positive receivers of the images of fashion icons, not as mere imitators or followers. Fashion irons have contributed to diversifying the styles of ideal feminine beauty, and their lift pattern and image are one of the major sources to stir up the imagination and inspiration of people. Thus, the times, fashion and entertainment media have continued to evolve, closely affecting one another, and fashion icons play a role of fashion leader, through entertainment media, who takes the initiative in mass fashion without just being confined to the field of entertainment. This study meaningful from the aspect that discussion of popular culture has been placed in a position that recognizes the entity of and interest in popular culture. through this study, I hope that the scope of interest in Fashion design will expand and that approaches to popular culture will become more diversified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.58 no.8
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2008

This study begins by establishing the theory that paintings serve as a visual documentation of a particular era and record the ideal fashions and customs about dress behavior through the costumes represented in them and examines the close relationship between fashion and art, focusing on the influence of art on fashion, as well as that of fashion on art, for both painters and fashion designers. To attain the goal of the study, the selected objects of study are written references and dresses represented in paintings produced in the 19th century. Painters who were the subject of documentation created or popularized new fashion styles before the concept of 'fashion designer' was introduced in history. In order to capture and represent the ideal beauty of certain period, painters understood the important role of fashion. Their work not only included the designing of costumes or accessories for the sitters, but also the spreading of new fashion styles by showing the sitters wearing them. Study of the mutual relationship between fashion and art grew more vigorous among many intellectuals in a variety of fields beginning in the 19th century. The standing of fashion was elevated and the concept of the 'fashion designer' was introduced and the interest in the themes of a specific style or the background of a trend increased during this time period. Many contemporary fashion designers created dresses inspired by the costumes represented in paintings. The result of this study which focuses on the relationships between fashion, artist, fashion designer and art is that connection between fashion and art is closely and firmly formed. For several hundred years, painters were the creators as well as promulgators of fashion and fashion designers, from the 19th century until today, have obtained their creative inspiration from art.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.11-23
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study suggests the exercise programs for improving the function and structure by applying the Schroth exercise method and sling exercise method to the scoliosis patient. METHODS: The subjects were 16 patients who were diagnosed with scoliosis. They were randomly assigned either to a Schroth exercise group (n=8) that received Schroth exercise program or to a sling exercise group (n=8) that received sling exercise program. Flexibility, static balance, dynamic balance, and spinal angles were measured by using the modified sit and reach test, one leg standing with closed eyes, functional reach test, and Cobb's angle, respectively. The chest expansion were calculated using differences of chest circumference between maximum inspiration and maximum expiration measured under armpits, at the junction between the sternum and xiphoid process, and at the waist. RESULT: Schroth group before and after the intervention there was a difference in the static balance, spine angle, chest expansion (p<.05). sling group before and after the intervention there was a difference in the flexibility, static balance, spine angle, chest expansion (p<.05). There were significantly differences between the both groups for chest expansion thoracic level inspiratory variables at post-exercise. CONCLUSION: These results revealed that two exercise program improved flexibility, static standing balance, spine angle, chest expansion level and ability used as scoliosis management and intervention. Therefore, it is expected to be used as a method for the treatment and prevention in the process of rehabilitation of patients with scoliosis.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2006

Surfaces found in nature, including biological surfaces have been providing inspiration to modify/fabricate artificial surfaces as solutions for tribological applications. As an example, the concept of 'lotus-effect' has motivated tribologists world wide to modify/fabricate surfaces for enhanced tribological performance. These was done by creating nano/micro-scale asperities on various surfaces using ion beam milling and ion-beam assisted roughening. In order to understand the attributes of natural surfaces, which are inspirational to tribologists, we characterized the surface of two natural surfaces-Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) and Colocasia esculenta leaves. Further, we evaluated their micro-scale friction property, both in their fresh and dried conditions. The characterization of surfaces was conducted using a confocal microscope and SEM, which involved the evaluation of size and distribution of protuberances. The micro-scale friction property was evaluated using a ball-on-flat type micro-tribo tester, under reciprocating motion. A soda lime glass ball (2 mm diameter) was used in these tests. Tests were conducted at the applied normal load of $3000{\mu}N$, at a sliding speed of 1 mm/sec for a scan length of 3 mm. All experiments were conducted at ambient temperature ($24{\pm}1^{\circ}C}$) and relative humidity ($45{\pm}5%$). It was observed that the friction behaviour of the natural surfaces was influenced by their surface characteristics (morphology and distribution of protuberances) and also by the condition (fresh or dried) in which they were tested.