• 공업화학
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.694-700
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• 1992

Palladium 촉매에 의한 CO Insertion Heck reaction을 고분자 중합에 응용하여 가공성이 좋은 고강도 엔지니어링 플라스틱으로 응용 가능한 flexible spacer를 가진 aromatic polyamide와 Polyester를 합성할 수 있었다. 촉매로서 dichlorobis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium(II) $(PdCl_2(PPh_3)_2)$와 Palladium chloride($PdCl_2$)를 사용하였고, 이 중합 시스템은 똑같은 조건에서 polyamide와 polyester를 합성 할 수 있는 장점이 있으므로 그 중합체의 열적성질을 DSC, TGA 등으로 조사하였는데 곁사슬이 있지 않은 aromatic polyamide와 Polyester는 amide와 ester 결합의 차이에도 불구하고 전이온도등이 거의 같았다. Hexyl부터 hexadecyl까지 alkyl 곁사슬을 2,5 위치에 이중으로 가진 phenylene dibromide와 Phenylene diamine으로부터 중합체를 합성하였는데 치환기가 없는 경우에 비하여 전이온도가 감소하였고, alkyl side chain이 hexadecyl인 경우는 뚜렷한 융점을 확인할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2017

Abnormal HLA-G expression occurs in various diseases such as melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, asthma, and classic Hodgkin's lymphoma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HLA-G gene is linked with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To investigate the possible link with susceptibility to OSCC, 54 OSCC patients and 120 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. HLA-G 14bp insertion/deletion polymorphism is in 3'-untranslated region of HLA-G gene. HLA-G 14bp insertion/deletion polymorphism was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. For the analysis of genetic data, SPSS18.0 program was used. Logistic regression models were performed for odds ratio (OR), 95 percent confidence interval (CI), and P value. There was a significant difference in distribution allele between OSCC patients and control subjects (OR=0.018, 95% CI=0.002-0.131, p<0.001). Our results suggest that HLA-G 14bp insertion/deletion polymorphism may be linked with susceptibility to OSCC in the Korean population.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2017

With the continual development of genetically modified (GM) crops, it has become necessary to develop detailed and effective molecular characterization methods to select candidate events from a large pool of transformation events. Relative to traditional molecular analysis methods such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot hybridization, next generation sequencing (NGS) technology for whole-genome sequencing of complex crop genomes had proven comparatively useful for in-depth molecular characterization. In this study, four transformation events, including one in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-resistant rice, one in resveratrol-producing rice, and two in beta-carotene-enhanced soybeans, were selected for molecular characterization. To merge NGS analysis and Southern blot-hybridization results, we confirmed the transgene insertion sites, insertion construction, and insertion numbers of these four transformation events. In addition, the read-coverage depth assessed by NGS analysis for inserted genes might provide consistent results in terms of inserted T-DNA numbers in case of complex insertion structures and highly duplicated donor genomes; however, PCR-based methods can produce incorrect conclusions. Our combined method provides an effective and complete analytical approach for whole-genome visual inspection of transformation events that require biosafety assessment.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2007

Insertion sequence IS1112 is a repetitive element with a relatively high number of copies in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Three new loci of IS1112 were identified in seven Chinese strains of Xoo using a single oligonucleotide primer J3; 5'-GCTCA GGTCAGGTGGCCTGG-3' by insertion-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR). Among the three new loci of IS1112, two were located in the open-reading frame region of genes fhuA and cirA, which encode TonB-dependent receptors, and the third in ISXo2, another type of insertion sequence in Xoo genome. Three variants of IS1112 were identified in those three loci based on their sequence similarities: two were identical to IS1112a and IS1112b, reported in strain PXO86 from the Philippines, while the third was a new member of IS1112, defined as IS1112d. Inserting IS1112 in gene fhuA caused three bases, GGT, to be duplicated at the target site, but inserting it in gene cirA did not cause any duplication in the target site. The diversity of IS1112 sequence and insertion loci in Xoo genome and their potential effects are discussed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.953-958
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• 2010

A laser ablation-molecular beam/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometric technique was used to investigate the ion-molecule reactions that proceed within $Ti^+(CH_3COCH_3)_n$ heterocluster ions. The reactions of $Ti^+$ with $CH_3COCH_3$ clusters were found to be dominated exclusively by an oxidation reaction, which produced $TiO^+(CH_3COCH_3)_n$ clusters. These ions were attributed to the insertion of a $Ti^+$ ion into the C=O bond of the acetone molecule within the heteroclusters, followed by $C_3H_6$ elimination. The mass spectra also indicated the formation of minor sequences of heterocluster ions with the formulas $Ti^+(C_3H_4O)(CH_3COCH_3)_n$ and $TiO^+(OH)(CH_3COCH_3)_n$, which could be attributed to C-H bond insertion followed by $H_2$ elimination and to the sequential OH abstraction by the $TiO^+$ ion, respectively. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to model the structures and binding energies of both the association complexes and the relevant reaction products. The reaction pathways and energetics of the $TiO^+\;+\;CH_2CHCH_3$ product channel are presented.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2024

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted great attention as the common power source in energy storage fields of large-scale applications such as electrical vehicles (EVs), industries, power plants, and grid-scale energy storage systems (ESSs). Insertion, alloying, and conversion reactions are the main electrochemical energy storage mechanisms in LIBs, which determine their electrochemical properties and performances. The electrochemical reaction mechanisms are determined by several factors including crystal structure, components, and composition of electrode materials. This article reviews a new strategy to compensate for the intrinsic shortcomings of each reaction mechanism by introducing the material systems to form a single compound with different types of reaction mechanisms and to allow the simultaneous hybrid electrochemical reaction of two different mechanisms in a single solid solution phase.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.282-286
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• 2017

Beta tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}-TCP$) is one of allogenic bone substitute which is known to have interconnected pores that draws cell and nutrients for bone generation. It has been resulted in good outcomes for bone defect coverage or augmentation. However, several studies have also reported negative outcomes and associated complications including unexpected formation of cystic mass, continuous pain and secretion. We present the case of a 36-year-old man with a right cheek cystic mass who had a history of right zygomaticomaxillary (ZM) complex fracture and surgical correction with ${\beta}-TCP$ powder insertion to ZM bone defect. Excisional biopsy under local anesthesia revealed calcified mass in a sinus tract which was found to be connected to the ZM bone defect site in postoperative computed tomography image. Further excision under general anesthesia was performed to remove the sinus tract and fine granules which filled the original defect site. Pathologic report revealed bony spicules and calcification materials with chronic foreign body reaction. Postoperative complications and recurrence were not reported.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.488-497
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• 1984

본 연구에서는 Fig.1과 같은 조립용 손목을 개발하였는데, 유연성의 구조는 RCC의 원리를 이용하고, 감지성은 Hi-Thand에서 채택한 스트레인 게이지 방식을 적용 하였다. 이 조립용 손목의 성능실험은 조립될 부품간의 틈새율, 부품의 길이 그리고 오차의 크기에 따라 수행하였으며, 조립시 스트레인 게이지로부터 측정되는 반력들은 D.E.Whitney의 조립이론식을 적용하여 구한 이론치와 비교하여 보았다. 반력을 측정 하는 궁극적인 목적은 이 측정치를 이용하여 귀환제어함으로써 초기오차를 수정하는 것이기 때문에 귀환제어를 어떻게 하느냐에 따라 조립시 생기는 반력이나 조립시간이 달라진다. 따라서 귀환제어를 위한 제어 알고리즘을 개발하였고 조립시 발생하는 반 력을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 구해서 귀환제어 시키지 않을시 즉 수정적 방법에 의해서 조립할때에 발생하는 힘과를 비교 분석하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2008

A calmodulin-dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) sandwich fusion protein was generated by insertion of calmodulin into the $\beta$-bulge region of DHFR to observe the effects of structurally constraining the calmodulin structure. The calcium binding properties of the sandwich protein were almost identical to calmodulin. Similar to calmodulin ($10.7 {\mu}M$), the sandwich protein bound four equivalents of calcium, with half saturation ($K_{0.5}$) observed at a [$Ca^{2+}$] of $8{\mu}M$. However, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) kinase activation property of the sandwich protein was lower than that of calmodulin. The sandwich protein activated NAD kinase, but to only half of the level obtained with calmodulin. The K 0.5 for both calmodulin and the sandwich protein were approximately the same (1-2 nM). Methylation analyses of the sandwich protein show that insertion of calmodulin into DHFR results in a large decrease in methylation. The $V_{max}$ observed with the sandwich protein (95 nmole/min/ml) was only 22% of the value observed with calmodulin (436 nmol/min/ml) in the presence of calcium. Addition of trimethoprim to the reaction significantly inhibited the observed methylation rate. Overall, the data suggest that the insertion of calmodulin into the DHFR structure has little effect on calcium binding by the individual lobes of calmodulin, but may constrain the lobes in a manner that results in altered interaction with the calmodulin-dependent proteins, and severely perturbed the methyltransferase recognition site.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-13
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• 1999

Recently it was reported that Insertion/Deletion polymorphism in the gene coding for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) is associated with human capacity for physical performance. This study was performed to genotyping of the ACE gene to determine the correlation between elite endurance performance and ACE I/D gene polymorphism. DNA sample was obtained from peripheral blood, hair roots and mouth epithelial cell in 739 general population and 200 elite athletic performance students. The ACE gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using allele specific oligonucleotide primers. 155, 525 bp and 237 bp PCR products indicating the presence of insertion(I) and deletion(D) alleles, respectively, were clearly resolved after electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel with ethidium bromide. Of the 200 elite athletic performance population subjects, 68(34%) showed ACE genotype 11,100(50%) genotype ID and 32(16%) genotype DD. Of the 739 general population subjects, 259(35.1%) showed ACE genotype 11,363(49.1%) genotype ID and 117(15.8%) genotype DD. Therefore ACE I/D gene polymorphism was not associated with human capacity for physical performance.(p>0.05)