• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2005

Purpose: To Analyze the exit site of pin inserted at the anterior glenoid rim in the reconstruction of the Bankart lesion and SLAP lesion using transglenoid suture technique. Materials and Methods: In the twenty adult right cadeveric scapula, insertions of pin were performed using guide at the position of 1, 2, 3 O'clock of glenoid rim. We measured the exit site of dorsal surface of the scapula by medial distance from sagittal plane of lateral border of scapular spine and the vertical distance from posterior border of the scapular spine. Results: When the pin was inserted caudally within 10 degree, at the position of 1, 2, 3 O'clock, the medial distance from lateral border of the scapula is averaged 29.4, 19.2, 34.0 mm respectively and the vertical distance from posterior border of the scapular spine is averaged 15.0, 18.6, 17.2 mm respectively. When the pin was inserted caudally within 20-30 degree, the medial distance is averaged 14.6, 14.2, 15.8 mm respectively and the vertical distance is averaged 31.6, 31.9, 32.1 mm respectively. Conclusion: When the pin was inserted caudally within ten degrees using the guide, the pin exit appeared at the more medial side of the base of scapular spine and the more inferior of scapular spine. This can make the firm suture tied over scapular spine during repair SLAP and the Bankart lesion, and also prevent the injury of suprascapular nerve.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.177-181
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• 1984

This study was to confirm the influence of intracanal instrumentation whether the pulp infection could be extended to periapical tissue. Fifty three teeth (24 badly decayed and infected, 29 sound teeth) were employed for this experiment and grouped as follows; 1. The specimen taken from the tip of 12 infected pulp in which reamer was inserted to the canal up to apical 1/3 and cultured as long as 48 hours. After 24 hours culture 11 cases were positive and 1 ease was negative but the time of incubation elapsed as 48 hours a negative case turned to positive. 2. Broth immersed paper disc was placed for 1 minute on the tip of 12 infected teeth with a reamer inserted to the apical end and cultured as usual manner in the incubator. At 24 hour culture the growth was significant in 9 cases and after 48 hours total 12 cases were positive. 3. Reamer was inserted to apical 1/3 on 14 sterile pulp canals and specimens obtained from the root tip were cultured for 24 and 48 hours. The results on both group were negative. 4. Similar maner with No.3 except reamer tip was rest exactly at the apex revealed only 2 cases of positive at 48 hour culture. 5. The tip of 24 reamers which reached to apical 1/3 and apex of infected canal were cultured for 24 and 48 hours. At 24 hour culture the growth was evident. 6. The tip of 14 reamers which inserted to apical 1/3 of sterile canal showed negative at 24 hour culture. The 15 cases of the tip which reached to the apex of sterile canal were found negative except 3 positive cases at 48 hour culture.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 영상의 소유권 보호를 위해 DCT계수들의 자기유사성(self-similarity)을 이용한 새로운 디지털 워터마킹 기법을 제시한다. 신경회로망 중 SOM(Self-Organizing Map)을 이용하여 유사한 계수를 분류하고 클러스터들 중 선택된 클러스터에 워터마크를 삽입한다. 일반적으로 영상의 고주파 영역에 삽입된 워터마크는 JPEG압축 같은 압축처리에 의해 쉽게 제거된다. 그리고 저주파 영역에 삽입된 워터마크는 영상의 화질을 훼손시킨다. 따라서 중간주파수 영역에서 많은 계수들을 가지는 클러스터에 워터마크를 삽입한다. 이 알고리즘은 선택된 클러스터 내의 계수들의 개수에 따라 워터마크를 영상에 삽입함으로써 영상의 훼손을 줄여준다. 워터마크가 삽입된 영상으로부터 워터마크를 검출하기위해 원영상없이 선택된 클러스터를 이용한다. 실험을 통해 새로 제안된 알고리즘은 영상의 좋은 화질과 JPEG 압축, 필터링과 같은 영상처리, 축소와 학대, 잘라내기 같은 기하학적 변환, 자음과 같은 공격에 아주 강인하다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2013

Objective: This paper was aimed to investigate the current labelling trend of tar color additives in infant's drugs used in Korea and other countries. Method: The current labelling system of the tar color additives in infant's drugs was investigated using inserted papers for drug information of infant's drugs as well as three drug information internet sites popular in Korea including internet sites of foreign countries of USA, UK, Japan, and China for infant's drug information. Results: Among 325 drugs registered as syrup form for infant's drugs (sources, http://www.health.kr), 4 drugs indicated tar color related information on the internet and only 2 drugs indicated tar color additives' name. And from the investigated results of 76 inserted papers for infant's drug information, among 31 drugs containing tar dyes, in only 19 drugs the tar color additives' names were notated. Among 6 drugs which do not contain tar dyes, only 1 drug was notated as 'Dye-Free'. Conclusion: For advanced labelling system in Korea, we proposed the below guidelines. [1] The name of tar color additives used in infant's drugs should be notated even in drug information on internet sites. [2] All drug ingredients used in infant's drugs need to be separately notated as active and inactive species on both internet sites and inserted papers. [3] 'Dye-Free' notation should be mandatory for infant's drugs which do not contain tar color additives in drug information on the internet sites as well as inserted papers.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2008

Thermally-evaporated 10 nm-Ni/1 nm-Ru/(30 nm or 70 nm-poly)Si structures were fabricated in order to investigate the thermal stability of Ru-inserted nickel monosilicide. The silicide samples underwent rapid thermal anne aling at $300{\sim}1,100^{\circ}C$ for 40 seconds. Silicides suitable for the salicide process were formed on the top of the single crystal and polycrystalline silicon substrates mimicking actives and gates. The sheet resistance was measured using a four-point probe. High resolution X-ray diffraction and Auger depth profiling were used for phase and chemical composition analysis, respectively. Transmission electron microscope and scanning probe microscope(SPM) were used to determine the cross-sectional structure and surface roughness. The silicide, which formed on single crystal silicon and 30 nm polysilicon substrate, could defer the transformation of $Ni_2Si $i and $NiSi_2 $, and was stable at temperatures up to $1,100^{\circ}C$ and $1,100^{\circ}C$, respectively. Regarding microstructure, the nano-size NiSi preferred phase was observed on single crystalline Si substrate, and agglomerate phase was shown on 30 nm-thick polycrystalline Si substrate, respectively. The silicide, formed on 70 nm polysilicon substrate, showed high resistance at temperatures >$700^{\circ}C$ caused by mixed microstructure. Through SPM analysis, we confirmed that the surface roughness increased abruptly on single crystal Si substrate while not changed on polycrystalline substrate. The Ru-inserted nickel monosilicide could maintain a low resistance in wide temperature range and is considered suitable for the nano-thick silicide process.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2008

국내산 낙엽송 집성재 볼트, 드리프트 핀 접합부의 내력성능평가를 위해 인장형 전단강도시험을 실시하였다. 인장형 전단시편은 강판삽입형 볼트, 드리프트 핀 접합부 시편과 강판측재형 볼트접합부시편으로 제작하였다. 실험에 사용된 볼트와 드리프트 핀의 직경은 12, 16, 20 mm였다. 시편의 접합구멍은 끝면거리 5, 7 d로 제작하였고 인장하중은 섬유평행방향으로 가하였다. 끝면거리에 따른 접합부의 내력성능을 검토하고 Larsen의 항복추정식을 통해 항복하중을 실측항복하중과 비교하였다. 설계표준 시 끝면거리 7 d의 항복하중을 기준으로 5 d의 저감계수를 산출하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 강판삽입형 접합부에서 드리프트 핀 접합부의 평균최대하중은 직경이 증가함에 따라 볼트 접합부보다 3~30% 정도 크게 나타났다. 볼트 접합부의 경우 강판측재형의 평균최대하중은 강판삽입형보다 1.54~2.07배 크게 나타났다. 동일 직경에서 끝면거리 7 d의 평균최대하중이 5 d보다 8~44% 정도 크게 나타났다. 2. 강판삽입형 접합부의 지압응력은 드리프트 핀 접합부가 볼트보다 1.16~1.41배 더 크게 나타났으며, 7 d가 5 d보다 1.37~1.86배 크게 나타났다. 또한 드리프트 핀 접합부의 세장비는 7.5 이하, 강판삽입형 볼트 접합부의 세장비는 6 이하에서 양호한 내력성능을 보였다. 3. 실측 항복하중과 Larsen이 제안한 항복하중 추정식에 의해 얻어진 항복하중값의 비는 강판삽입형 접합부의 경우 0.80~1.10, 강판측재형 접합부는 0.75~1.46이었다. 4. 끝면거리 7 d의 항복하중을 기준으로 강판삽입형 볼트접합부의 경우 12 mm 접합부의 저감계수(Ke)는 0.89, 16 mm는 0.93, 20 mm는 0.85였다. 강판삽입형 드리프트 핀 접합부의 경우 12 mm는 0.89, 16 mm는 0.93, 20 mm는 0.93이었다. 강판측재형 직경 12 mm 볼트접합부의 저감계수는 0.79, 16 mm는 0.80이었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.583-588
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• 2004

In this paper we investigate the effect of a shield metal line inserted between adjacent bit lines on the refresh time and noise margin in a planar DRAM cell. The DRAM cell consists of an access transistor, which is biased to 2.5V during operation, and an NMOS capacitor having the capacitance of 10fF per unit cell and a cell size of $3.63{\mu}m^2$. We designed a 1Mb DRAM with an open bit-line structure. It appears that the refresh time is increased from 4.5 ms to 12 ms when the shield metal line is inserted. Also, it appears that no failure occurs when $V_{cc}$ is increased from 2.2 V to 3 V during a bump up test, while it fails at 2.8 V without a shield metal line. Raphael simulation reveals that the coupling noise between adjacent bit lines is reduced to 1/24 when a shield metal line is inserted, while total capacitance per bit line is increased only by 10%.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2017

As a part of the effort to improve post-transfer survival rate of embryos in Korean black goats, a technique for laparoscopic uterine transfer of blastocysts was carried out. A total of 26 transferrable embryos (morula to expanded blastocysts) were transferred to 13 recipient goats via transabdominal laparoscopic method. In consequence of our hormone protocol, 65% of the recipients (13/20) were found to have synchronized estrus. After confirmation of corpus luteum in each recipient goat, a Babcock laparoscopic forceps was inserted into the lower abdominal cavity to hold a uterine horn and fasten it near the peritoneum without causing injury. Then 7.5cm long 16G IV catheter was inserted directly into the uterine lumen through the abdominal wall. After removal of the stylet of the IV catheter, the embryo transfer tube (identical in size to the stylet and loaded with blastocysts) was inserted into the uterine lumen through the catheter to unload the embryos. Of the 13 estrus synchronized recipients, 9 were transferred blastocysts and 4 were transferred molurae (2 embryos in each recipient) in uterine ipsilateral to the ovary with corpus luteum. Four of the 9 recipients which blastocysts were transferred using this method has been confirmed pregnant (44.4% pregnancy rate).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2002

Previously, it was reported that the nonhomologous C-terminal regions of the D-hydantoinases are nonessential for catalysis, but affect the oligomeric structure of the enzyme [3]. In an effort to further confirm the above observation, the C-terminal region-inserted enzyme was constructed by attaching a peptide (22 residues) at the C-terminal of the D-hydantoinase from Bacillus thermocatenulatus GH2, and its structural and biochemical properties were compared with both the wild-type and C-terminal region-truncated enzymes. As a result, native tetrameric D-hydantoinase was dimerized as the truncated enzyme, and the inserted mutant with a new sequence was expressed as a catalytically active form in E. coli. Expression level of the inserted and truncated enzymes were found to be significantly increased compared to the level of the wild-type enzyme, and this appears to be due to the reduced toxic effect of the mutant enzymes on host cells. Dimerized enzymes exhibited increased thermo- and pH stabilities considerably when compared with the corresponding wild-type enzyme. Comparison of the substrate specificity between the mutant and wild-type enzymes suggests that the substrate specificity of the D-hydantoinase is closely linked with the oligomeric structure.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.841-846
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• 2008

Recently the LNG(liquified natural gas) public buses have been introduced to prevent the air pollution in metropolitan areas. As the LNG temperature in fuel tank is as low as $-162^{\circ}C$. the thermal and structural effects of tank components need to be studied for safe introduction in the market. Especially the support system of LNG fuel tank in vehicle, which has connected with inside and outside of tanks, should put attention to reduce the structural stress due to cryogenic temperature and to restrict the heat flux from ambient. There are two supporting systems in the tank, that one is connected between inside and outside tanks by welding, and the other is the inserted support system which is a cylindrical SUS bar inserted in a hole of the supporting plate. In this study the temperature distribution and thermal stress of the inserted support system were evaluated by using the utility program as ANSYS. The results showed that the rate of heat transfer to inner tank through this support system was quite small due to limited contact of support bar with plate. but the thermal stress of support plate was obtained beyond the limited tensile value of SUS304. The cautious design for the support plate part, therefore, should be given to make the safe support system of LNG vehicle fuel tank.