• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.479-485
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• 1990

증발 농축공정중 각종 운전 조건의 제어 및 데이터 수집을 자동으로 하기 위하여 제어 및 데이터 수집 부위에 각종 조절기와 센서를 부착하여 컴퓨터 프로그램에 의하여 공정이 진행되도록 하였다. 증발 농축 장치는 원심식 박막증발기인 Centri-Therm$(CT-1B,\;{\alpha}-Laval\;Co.,\;Sweden)$이 이용되었으며 제어 변수로는 증발기의 압력, 급액 속도, 증기의 온도 및 냉각수의 유량 등을 택했다. 그리고 데이타 수집 부위로는 급액 및 농축액의 온도와 농도, 냉각수의 입구 및 출구 온도, 증기의 온도, 증발 온도, 원료 및 농축액의 중량 변화, 응축수의 양 등을 택했다. 운전 프로그램은 PASCAL language를 이용해 작성하였으며 전 공정은 균일하게 콘트롤되었다. 냉각수는 밸브 콘트롤러에 의해 시간당 125kg의 유속으로 흐르도록 하였으며 급액 속도 125/h에서 최대 증발 속도는 41.7kg/h였다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance characteristics of seawater cooling system for a fishing vessel. The circulation amount of refrigerant, condensation capacity, evaporation capacity, compression work and coefficient of performance(COP) were analyzed as the heat source temperature changed. The experimental setup consisted of an open-type compressor, a shell&tube type condenser, an evaporator and an expansion valve. The heat source was controlled by a constant temperature chamber. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. The condensation capacity increased with increasing heat source temperature, and it was confirmed that the effect of circulating amount of refrigerant was dominant. The amount of heat for vaporization was almost constant even though the temperature of the heat source increased. On the other hand, the compression power was increased. This is because the compression ratio increases as the condensation pressure, the enthalpy difference between inlet and outlet, the amount of circulating refrigerant increases. The performance coefficient of this system showed a tendency decreasing with increasing heat source temperature. Therefore, the basic data of the seawater cooling system for the maintenance of the catch line of the shore fishing boats was acquired through this study, and it is considered that it will be sufficient for the actual design.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.238-241
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• 2017

Background: We investigated the difference in right ventricle (RV) volume and ejection fraction (EF) according to the pulmonary valve (PV) annular extension technique during Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) total correction. Methods: We divided patients who underwent the procedure from 1993 to 2003 into two groups according to PV extension technique (group I: PV annular extension, group II: no PV annular extension) during TOF total correction. We then analyzed the three segmental (RV inlet, trabecular and outlet) and whole RV volume and EF by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Fourteen patients were included in this study (group I: 10 patients, group II: four patients; male: nine patients, female: five patients). Cardiac MRI was conducted after a 16.1 years TOF total correction follow-up period. There was no statistical difference in RV segmental volume index or EF between groups (all p>0.05). Moreover, the total RV volume index and EF did not differ significantly between groups (all p>0.05). Conclusion: The RV volume and EF of the PV annular extension group did not differ from that of the PV annular extension group. Thus, PV annular preservation technique did not show the surgical advantage compared to PV annular extension technique in this study.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

DME (Di-Methyl Ether) is synthetic product that is produced through dehydration of methanol or a direct synthesis from syngas. And it is able to save fossil fuel and reduce pollutants of emission such as PM and $CO_2$. In spite of its advantages it is difficult to design DME fuelled engine system because DME fuel may cause to severely generate cavitation and corrosion in fuel delivery system due to physical properties of DME. Therefore, in this study three-dimensional internal flow characteristics with consideration of cavitation were predicted in the DME injector using diesel and DME fuel. Moving grid technique was employed to describe needle motion and 1-D hydraulic simulation of injector was also simulated to obtain transient needle motion profiles. The results of simulation show that cavitations was generated at the inlet of nozzle near high velocity region both diesel and DME. And mass flow rate of DME is reduced by 4.73% compared to that of diesel at maximum valve lift because cavitation region of DME is much more larger. To increase flow rate of DME injector, internal flow simulation has been conducted to investigate the nozzle hole inner R-cut effect. The flow rates of diesel and DME increase as R-cut increases, and flow coefficient of DME fuel injector was increased by 6.3% on average compared with diesel fuelled injector. Finally, optimum shape of DME injector nozzle is suggested through the comparison of flow coefficient with variation of nozzle hole inner R-cut.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.109-114
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• 2008

A dynamic model has been developed to simulate dynamic operation of a real double-effect absorption chiller. Dynamic behavior of working fluids in main components was modeled in first-order nonlinear differential equations based on heat and mass balances. Mass transport mechanisms among the main components were modeled by valve throttling, 'U' tube overflow and solution sub-cooling. The nonlinear dynamic equations coupled with the subroutines to calculate thermodynamic properties of working fluids were solved by a numerical method. The dynamic performance of the model was compared with the test data of a commercial medium chiller. The model showed a good agreement with the test data except for the first 5,000 seconds during which different flow rates of the weak solution caused some discrepancy. It was found that the chiller dynamics is governed by the inlet temperatures of the cooling water and the chilled water when the heat input to the chiller is relatively constant.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.781-788
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• 2008

A dynamic model has been developed to simulate dynamic operation of a real double-effect absorption chiller. Dynamic behavior of working fluids in main components was modeled in first-order nonlinear differential equations based on heat and mass balances. Mass transport mechanisms among the main components were modeled by valve throttling, 'U' tube overflow and solution sub-cooling. The nonlinear dynamic equations coupled with the subroutines to calculate thermodynamic properties of working fluids were solved by a numerical method. The dynamic performance of the model was compared with the test data of a commercial medium chiller. The model showed a good agreement with the test data except for the first 5,000 seconds during which different flow rates of the weak solution caused some discrepancy. It was found that the chiller dynamics is governed by the inlet temperatures of the cooling water and the chilled water when the heat input to the chiller is relatively constant.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2011

Recently, the performances of speed and accuracy are enhanced in machine tools. The high speed of the machine tools usually causes harmful thermal displacements on the objects. To reduce the thermal displacements, machine tools generally adopt oil coolers with precise temperature control function. This study aims at precise control of oil outlet temperature in the oil coolers with hot-gas bypass manner based on PI control logic. The control system was designed for obtaining steady state error within ${\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$ and maximum overshoot with 0.8% even though abrupt disturbances are added to the system. We showed that the PI gains could be easily decided by numerical simulations using practical transfer function which got experiments. Also, transient characteristics could be improved significantly by reflecting the inlet temperature of an evaporator to the output of a controller feedforwardly considering periodic abrupt disturbances. Through some experiments, excellent control performances were established by the suggested control.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2008

가스 정압기지 내의 가스 정압기는 배관 내의 높은 가스의 압력을 일정한 압력으로 낮추는 역할을 한다. 가스 정압기는 흐르는 가스의 유동을 제어할 뿐 아니라, 하류의 압력을 제어하는 데도 사용한다. 가스 정압기지의 안전성을 위해서 정압기와 정압기에 연결되어 있는 안전밸브의 유동 특성을 파악하는 것은 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정압기의 질량 유량 및 유동 특성을 다양한 입구 및 출구 압력 조건, 그리고 개도율에 대하여 수치해석 방법을 이용하여 알아보았다. 이러한 질량 유량에 대한 수치해석 결과는 정압기 제조사로부터 제안되는 실험 수식을 통하여 검증하였다. 결론적으로, 수치해석 결과와 실험 수식을 통해 얻어진 결과가 잘 일치함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.335-335
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• 2010

한국표준과학연구원 진공센터에서는 국제규격에 바탕을 둔 저진공펌프 종합특성평가시스템을 구축하여 $1100mbar\;{\sim}\;10^{-3}mbar$ 압력 영역에서의 저진공펌프(roots, dry 등)류의 종합특성평가를 시행하고 있다. 저진공펌프 종합특성평가시스템은 국제적 절차에 따른 신뢰성을 바탕으로 구축하고 있으나, 한국표준과학연구원 진공센터 뿐만 아니라, 국내에서도 고진공 종합특성평가 시스템을 구축 하고 있지 않다. 이에 반도체/디스플레이 등 첨단 공정에서 진공 환경을 조성하는 핵심장비인 고진공펌프의 종합특성평가시스템을 개발하고자 터보펌프(TMP) 1000L/s 급의 database를 구축 하였다. 터보펌프(TMP)는 throughput method와 orifice method 두 가지 방법을 병행하여 pumping speed 측정한다. orifice method는 일종의 미세유량 측정 장치이며, 실험값과 계산값 유량의 오차 범위가 작고 신뢰성을 확보하면 throughput method 만으로 측정할 수 있다. Througput method는 $10^{-6}mbar$ 압력 이상의 영역을 측정하며, ultimate pressure 및 $150^{\circ}C$의 bake-out 을 진행하여 base pressure을 측정 할 수 있으며, $10^{-6}mbar$ 압력 이상의 pumping speed를 측정 할 수 있다. 이에 따른 정압형 유량시스템을 개발 중에 있으며, inlet pressure와 outlet pressure를 이용한 compression ratio를 측정 한다. Orifice method는 ultimate pressure와 base pressure을 측정하며, leak valve를 이용한 컨덕턴스(C)로 pressure ratio을 이용하여 유량값을 계산하며, $10^{-6}mbar$ 압력 이하의 pumping speed를 측정할 수 있다. 또한 throughput method와 orifice method의 pumping speed 뿐만 아니라 소비전력 및 소음, 진동, 온도 등 특성평가 관련 사항들의 전반적인 사항을 평가하여 터보펌프(TMP) 1000L/s 급의 database를 구축한다. 향후 예비 실험을 통한 고진공펌프의 종합특성평가시스템을 완비해 나가며, 고진공펌프 종합 특성평가시스템을 통하여 국제적으로 공인받을 수 있는 평가기준을 확립하고 그 기준에 의한 진공/기계적 성능의 전방위적인 종합특성진단과 공정대응성 평가 등 국제적 기술 신뢰성을 확보하고자 한다.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2012

In this study, the trucks(2.9-liter) have been developed to use DME as fuel, and performance test of the vehicle's DME engine, power, emissions, fuel economy and vehicle aspects was conducted. For experiments, the fuel system(common-rail injectors and high-pressure pump included) and the engine control logic was developed, and ECU mapping was performed. As a result, the rail pressure from 40MPa to approximately 65% increase compared to the base injector has been confirmed that. Also, the pump discharge flow is 15.5 kg/h when the fuel rail pressure is 400rpm(40 MPa), and the pump discharge flow is 92.1 kg/h when the fuel rail pressure is 2,000rpm(40MPa). The maximum value of full-load torque capability is 25.5kgfm(based on 2,000rpm), and more than 90% compared to the level of the diesel engine were obtained. The DME vehicle was developed in this study, 120 km/h can drive to the stable, and calculated in accordance with the carbon-balance method of fuel consumptions is 5.7 km/L.