• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.557-565
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• 2001

Objectives : This study was carried out to examine toxic effect of Sintongchukeo-tang on cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons inhibited by neurotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide. Methods : MTT assay, NR assay, LDH and neurofilament assay were performed after spinal sensory neurons were preincubater with various concentrations of Sintongchukeo-tang water extract before treatment of cells with hydrogen peroxide. Results : Hydrogen peroxide induced ceil degeneration such as the decrease of cell viability was measured by MTT and NR assay in the cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons. Sintongchukeo-tang water extract was effective in the decrease of LDH activities of neurons produced by hydrogen peroxide. Sintongchukeo-tang water extract was effective in the increase of amount of neurofilaments damaged by hydrogen peroxide. Conclusions : From the above results, it is suggested that hydrogen peroxide induces the inhibition of cell viability in cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons and Sintongchukeo-tang water extract was effective in cultured neurons damaged by hydrogen peroxide.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.39-43
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• 2019

Mouse embryonic stem cell could show an substitutional materials of cells of neuron differentiation, positively increasing their effectiveness in the treatment of nervous symptom. We examined that mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can be induced to undergo neuronal differentiation. After neuronal induction, the phenotype of mESCs changed towards neuronal morphology and mESCs were injected into the lateral ventricle of the experimental animal brain. Transplanted cells migrated to various parts of the brain and ischemic brain injury by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) increased their migration to the injured cortex. Intracerebral grafting of mESCs mostly improve sensory and motor nervous system of neurological injury in focal cerebral rats.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 1995

Anatomical and biochemical changes of the corn root injured by the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus vulnus, were examined to understand the interactions between the nematode and the crop which can be applied to a breeding program for nematode-resistant crop. The nematode and the crop which can be applied to be a breeding program for nematode-resistant crop. The nematode entered the cortex of corn root through its epidemis. They moved to other cortical cells by breaking their cell walls. They, finally, gathered around the endodermis of the roots and the bases of the root hairs. Parasitism of the nematode formed cavities within the root tissues where the females laid eggs. Major root damage by the nematode occurred in the cortical cells where must cell walls were broken and crushed to form empty spaces. These empty spaces in the base of the root resulted in this breakdown. Damage-induced biochemical changes of the corn roots were analysed by their total protein patterns and esterase activities in both control and nematode-infected roots. Denaturing gel did not show any significant difference in the banding patterns between them. Esterase patterns and activities, also, were not significantly different between the infected and the control roots.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.62-75
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Gamisipjeontang-gamibang(GT) on an experimental bum elicitation. Method : The absorbance of the photo cell mixed with GT at the Abs 560 nm was measured after irradiation for 1 min. In order to know the antioxidant effect on skin cell of mice after burn elicitation, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was measured. Also, in order to know effects on the skin regeneration in the burned mice, we counted the eosinophil in blood from animals via cardiac puncture and observed the histological structure in the epidermal basal layer and the dermal section on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day after burn elicitation. We also studied changes in angiogenesis in the capillary surrounding the basal layer and dermal papilla. The changes of HSP70 distribution and changes of p53 positive reaction were observed to investigate the changes of the stress in the skin as well. Result : The results indicated that GT has a significant impact on the antioxidant effect on skin cells of mice after bum elicitation by increasing SOD activity in vitro test. GT seems to decrease MIP-2 which induces neutrophil infiltration and promotes the angiogenesis dose-dependently. Furthermore, GT decreased HSP70, the expression of which was induced by elevated temperatures, and p53 which induce a apoptosis after stress. Conclusion : GT can be applied to burned skin through its antioxidant effect and skin regeneration property.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2023

Kidney ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), is associated with the migration of inflammatory cells into the kidney. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), a member of the Rho family of small GTPase, plays an important role in inflammatory cell migration by cytoskeleton rearrangement. Here, we investigated the role of Rac1 on kidney I/R injury and macrophage migration. Male mice were subjected to either 25 min of bilateral ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) or a sham operation. Some mice were administrated with either NSC23766, an inhibitor of Rac1, or 0.9% NaCl (vehicle). Kidney damage and Rac1 activity and expression were measured. The migration and lamellipodia formation of RAW264.7 cells, mouse monocyte/macrophage, induced by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, a chemokine) were determined using transwell migration assay and phalloidin staining, respectively. In sham-operated kidneys, Rac1 was expressed in tubular cells and interstitial cells. In I/R-injured kidneys, Rac1 expression was decreased in tubule cells in correlation with the damage of tubular cells, whereas Rac1 expression increased in the interstitium in correlation with an increased population of F4/80 cells, monocytes/macrophages. I/R increased Rac1 activity without changing total Rac1 expression in the whole kidney lysates. NSC23766 administration blocked Rac1 activation and protected the kidney against I/R-induced kidney damage and interstitial F4/80 cell increase. NSC23766 suppressed monocyte MCP-1-induced lamellipodia and filopodia formation and migration of RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicate Rac1 inhibition protects the kidney against I/R via inhibition of monocytes/macrophages migration into the kidney.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.345-356
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• 2023

This study aimed to assess the effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on abdominal aorta coarctation (AAC) induced myocardial fibrosis (MF) and autophagy in rats. Forty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, AAC group, AAC + H₂S group, and H₂S control group. After a model of rats with AAC was built surgically, AAC + H₂S group and H₂S group were injected intraperitoneally with H₂S (100 µmol/kg) daily. The rats in the control group and the AAC group were injected with the same amount of PBS. We observed that H₂S can improve left ventricular function and the deposition of myocardial collagen fibers, inhibit pyroptosis, down-regulate the expression of P-eif2α in myocardial tissue, and inhibit cell autophagy by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT1 signaling pathway (p < 0.05). In addition, angiotensin II (1 µM) H9c2 cardiomyocytes were injured in vitro experiments, and it was also observed that pyroptosis was inhibited after H₂S (400 µmol/kg) intervention, the expression of P-eif2α in cardiomyocytes was significantly down-regulated, and the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway was activated at the same time. Therefore, increasing the expression of P-eif2α reverses the activation of the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway by H₂S. In conclusion, these findings suggest that exogenous H₂S can ameliorate MF in rats with AAC by inhibiting pyroptosis, and the mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the phosphorylation of eif2α and activating the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway to inhibit excessive cell autophagy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cadmium chloride ($CdCl_2$), toxicant, and the protective effect of Chelidonium majus (CM) extract on $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Cell viability, the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) against $CdCl_2$, and the antioxidative effects including DPPH-free radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion-radical scavenging activity (SSA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were assessed. $CdCl_2$ caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, and $XTT_{50}$ value was determined at 38.7uM of $CdCl_2$. It was determined as highly-toxic by Borenfreund and Puerner' toxic criteria. BHT of antioxidant significantly increased cell viability severely damaged by $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. In the protective effect of CM extract on $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity, CM extract significantly increased cell viability, DPPH-free radical scavenging activity, SSA and inhibitory activity of LDH. From these results, it is suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the cytotoxicity of $CdCl_2$, and CM extract showed protective efficacy on $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity via antioxidative effects. Conclusively, natural resources like CM extract may be a putative antioxidative agent for the detoxification or diminution of toxicity correlated with oxidative stress.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

Purpose: Many trials for new therapeutic approaches such as stem cell-based transplantation have been conducted to improve the repair and regeneration of injured cord tissue and to restore functions following spinal cord injury (SCI) in animals and humans. Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs) have multi-lineage potential to differentiate into cells with neuron-like morphology. Most studies of stem cell transplantation therapy after SCI are focused on cellular regeneration and restoration of motor function, but not on unwanted effects after transplantation such as neuropathic pain. This study was focused on whether transplantation of ATSCs could facilitate or attenuate hindpaw pain responses to heat, cold and mechanical stimulation, as well as on improvement of locomotor function in a rat with SCI. Methods: A spinal cord injury rat model was produced using an NYU impactor by dropping a 10 g rod from a height of 25 mm on to the T9 segment. Human ATSCs (hATSCs; approximately $5{\times}10^5$ cells) or DMEM were injected into the perilesional area 9 days after the SCI. After transplantation, hindpaw withdrawal responses to heat, cold and mechanical allodynia were measured over 7 weeks. Motor recovery on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and on the inclined plane test were also evaluated. Results: The present study demonstrated that increased hindpaw withdrawal responses to cold allodynia was observed in both groups after transplantation, but the development of cold-induced allodynia in the hATSC transplantation group was significantly larger than in the control group. The difference between the two groups in locomotor functional improvement after SCI was also significant. Conclusion: Careful consideration not only of optimal functional benefits but also of unintended side effects such as neuropathic pain is necessary before stem cell transplantation therapy after SCI.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.412-415
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to establish a quantitative count method of Vibrio vulnificus cells. Plate count method is often used to count the number of V. vulnificus cells using thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar plate. However, this method is unsuitable for counting V. vulnificus cells due to growth inhibition and cell injuries in TCBS medium. In this study, we suggested a most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) method using alkaline peptone water medium for the quantification of V. vulnificus. This MPN-PCR method showed 2 log higher cell number than TCBS agar plate method. Similar results were also found in the control using, Luria-Bertani agar containing 2% NaCl. Thus, this MPN-PCR method can be used a sensitive method for quantitative count of viable V. vulnificus cells in fish and shellfish samples.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.267-281
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• 1999

1. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Taeyeumjoweetang on the cerebral neurons injured by glucose oxidase(GO). 2. Methods : I observed cell viability in mouse cerebral neurons exposed to glucose oxidase by NR assay and MTT assay and determined lipid peroxidation in mouse cerebral neurons exposed to glucose oxidase. After administration of Taeyeumjoweetang water extracts, I observed significant changes of cell viability, lipid peroxidation in mouse cerebral neurons exposed to glucose oxidase. 3. Results : GO induced cell degeneration such as the decrease of cell viability was measured by MTT and NR assay in the cultured mouse cerebral cortical neurons. Taeyeumjoweetang was effective in the increase of total protein of neurons inhibited by GO. Taeyeumjoweetang was effective in the decrease of lipid peroxidation of neurons produced by GO.