• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.231-250
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• 2001

In order to determine the effects of annexing bile extracts of bears on the anti-fibrotic effect of Injinhotang. Mix compound of Injinhotang and bile extracts of bears were administered to the carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced cirrhotic rats during 20 days and the changes of serum levels of GOT (glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), ALP (alanine phosphatase), GGT (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) and T-BIL (total bilirubin) were monitored with comparison to the results of Injinhotang administered group. The results were summarized as follows. 1. A significant (p<0.01) increase of serum GOT levels were observed in control group compared to those of normal group but these increased levels were dramatically decreased in Injinhotang and Injinhotang with Fel Ursi-administered group. In addition, a significant (p<0.05) increase were also detected In Injinhotang with Fel Ursi-administered group compared to that of Injinhotang-administered group. 2. A significant (p<0.01) increase of serum GPT levels were observed in control group compared to those of normal group but these increased levels were dramatically decreased in Injinhotang and Injinhotang with Fel Ursi-administered group. Although significances were not recorded, increase of serum GPT levels were also detected in Injinhotang with Fel Ursi-administered group compared to that of Injinhotang-administered group. 3. A significant (p<0.01) increase of serum LDH levels were observed in control group compared to those of normal group but these increased levels were dramatically decreased in Injinhotang and Injinhotang with Fel Ursi-administered group. Although significances were not recorded, increase of serum LDH levels were also detected in Injinhotang with Fel Ursi-administered group compared to that of Injinhotang-administered group. 4. A significant (p<0.01 or p<0.05) increase of serum ALP levels were observed in control group compared to those of normal group but these increased levels were dramatically decreased in Injinhotang and Injinhotang with Fel Ursi-administered group. In addition, a significant (p<0.05) increase were also detected in Injinhotang with Fel Ursi-administered group compared to that of Injinhotang-administered group. 5. A significant (p<0.01) increase of serum GGT levels were observed in control and Injinhotang-administered group compared to those of normal group but these increased levels were dramatically decreased in Injinhotang with Fel Ursi-administered group. 6. A significant (p<0.01) increase of serum T-BIL levels were observed in control group compared to those of normal group but these increased levels were dramatically decreased in Injinhotang and Injinhotang with Fel Ursi-administered group. Although significances were not recorded, increase of serum T-BIL levels were also detected in Injinhotang with Fel Ursi-administered group compared to that of Injinhotang-administered group. In conclusion, it is considered that bile extract of bears has some additional effect to the anti-fibrotic effect of Injinhotang but to know the exact mechanism of suitable dose and duration of administration, further studies such as pharmacokinetics and dose-dependent pharmacological studies were needed

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2009

In order to examine the effect of Injinhotang extract on the liver cancer induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in Rats. The animals were divided into three groups. The normal (Nor) group were fed basal diet. Control (Con) group were administered with NDEA (200 mg/kgb.w., i.p.) and $CCl_4$. Injinhotang extract (IJH) group treated with Injinhotang extract (260 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks after NDEA+$CCl_4$. Enzymic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels were determined in all the groups of animals. The activities of SOD were significantly increased in the Con, but the activities of catalase were decreased in the Con, but the anti-oxidative enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased in the IJH. In the immunohistochemistry observation, treatment of Injinhotang extract reduced the rates of p53 immunoreactivity. According to the electron microscopical observation, in the liver cancer cells were increased the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and dilated the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the Con compared with IJH. These results suggest that administration of Injinhotang extract suppress or retard NDEA and $CCl_4$-induced liver cancer.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-33
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• 2005

Acetaminophen, which causes acute liver min in humans and animals, has made useful inducer of hepatoxicity for studying hepatopreventive drugs. Injinhotang is known as one of the hepatopreventive drugs. However, its mechanism of recovery of hepatoxicity treated with acetaminophen is poorly understood. this study was performed to observe the antioxidative effect of injinhotang extract and its several combination groups. The results were obtained as follows:1. In the study on free radical scavenging effect in vitro(the suppressing effect on peroxidation of linoleic acid on concentration, the scavenging effect of DPPH radical, inhibitory effect of superoxide in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation reaction by hydroxy radical in H2O2-Fe2+system, injinhotang have more effect than its components groups relatively. 2. In the study on antioxidants system in vivo(the level of serum LPO, the level of hepatic LPO, catalase, GSH, GST), only injnhotang has a significant effect. 3. In the study on hepatotoxicity(GOT, GPT, $\gamma$-GTP, ALP, LDH, b ilirubin), only injinhotang has a significant effect. These results suggest that injinhotang has the protective effect on acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity. The mechanisms of these are supposed to be involved in antioxidant and three drugs' cooperative synergy effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.436-441
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• 2009

In order to examine the effect of Injinhotang extract on the hepatocarcinogenesis induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in 8 week-old rats. Experimental rats were subdivided into three groups; normal group (Nor), hepatic cancer inducing control group (Con), and control group administered Injinhotang extract 260 mg/kg/day (IJH). The body weight decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the Con compared with the Nor. The body weight of IJH group more increased than Con. Rats intoxicated with NDEA had significantly (p<0.05) increased levels of serum AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, and AFP. On the contrary, group treated with Injinhotang extract had inhibited levels of serum AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, and AFP. The bcl-2 mRNA expression levels in rat liver were more increased in the IJH than Con, but these levels of c-myc mRNA were more decreased in the IJH than Con. Also, cytoplasmic vacuolizations in the liver of NDEA-administrated rats were inhibited by the treatment of Injinhotang extract. These results suggest that administration of Injinhotang extract suppresses or retards NDEA and $CCl_4$-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2001

The single dose toxicity of Injinhotang, a herbal drug for treatment of hepatic injuries. was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Injinhotang was once administered to both sexes of rats at the dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg for oral route. After single administration, clinical signs were observed every day for 14 days and body weights were measured 5 times including initial measurement on day 0 (the days of administration). When observation period was over, the animals were sacrificed and macroscopic examination of major organs was conducted. In addition, the histopathological profiles of these major organs were also conducted. Neither significant clinical signs nor death after administration was observed during the observation periods except for soft feces or diarrhea. In addition, no abnormal necropsy findings, changes of body weight and histopathological profiles were observed at terminal necropsy in both sexes. From these results, it is considered that $LD_{50}$ of Injinhotang is over 2000 mg/kg in oral administration in both sexes of rats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.3-8
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• 1994

The total 31 prescriptions of Gok Dal(穀疸), recorded in all the medical books, were investigated. The results are as follows 1. The most used prescription of Gok Dal(穀疸) was INJINHOTANG(茵蔯蒿湯). The next ones are GOKDALHUAN(穀疸丸), SOONJUNGTANG(小溫中湯). 2. The total 79 kinds of medicines were prescribed for Gok Dal(穀疸). Fructus Gardeniae(梔子) was the most popular medicine and Herba Artemisiae Scopariae(茵蔯), Radix et Rhizoma(大黃), Pericar pium Citri NobiLis Viride(靑皮), Rhizoma Atractyloclis(蒼朮) follows. 3. Chung Youl(淸熱) medicines was the most popularly medicines, Sam Sub Li Su(渗濕利水) medicines. Pa Juk Chu(破積聚) medicine So Do(消導) medicine follows. 4. Compared to other jaundices, Gok Dal(穀疸) has been cured by the case of Pa Juk Chu(破積聚) medicines, So Do(消導) medicines.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.199-204
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• 1996

In order to investigate the effect of Injinho-tang on liver treated with CCl4, galactosamine, thioacetamide and hyperlipidemia induced by fructose, triton wr-1339, this experiment was performed. The results are as followings. 1. Injinho-tang decreased the serum TG and TC level in normal rats. 2. Injinho-tang decreased significantly the serum TG level induced by 75% Fructose. 3. Injinho-tang depressed significantly the serum TG and TC level in hyperlipidemia induced by Triton WR-1339. 4. The silymarin-Injinhotang group decreased more significantly the serum GOT, GPT, TC, TG level in comparison to the Injinho-tang treated group in CCl4, galactosamine and thioacetamide treated mice, rats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.95-107
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to search for more effective administraion route of herbal medicine. Methods : Pharmacokinetic issues with the methods in experimental papers, which deal with finding the effectiveness of two or more administration routes of herbal medicine, searched from KERIS, KSI, KISTI and KTKP, have been analyzed by, first, categorizing the papers and comparing the validity of administration routes. Results and Conclusions : 1. Upon comparing in total of 24 papers on the basis of each administration route, per oral(PO)-herbal acupuncture(HA) was most superior in terms of number in that there were 13 cases and PO-per rectal(PR) was next superior in that there were 5 cases. PO-per dermal(PD)-inhalation therapy(IT), PO-IT and PO-PR-HA had 3, 2 and 1 cases respectively. 2. Out of the total 24 papers which compares different administration routes, 16 of them were pharmacokinetically appropriate, whereas, the remaining 8 were pharmacokinetically inappropriate. 3. Comparisons were made between PO-HA, PO-PR, PO-IT, PO-PD-IT and PO-PR-HA routes. However, none of them was not particularly effective regardless of the administered medicine or target organ. 4. No route was particularly effective against a particular drug target as a result of comparing damaged liver, asthma, endometriosis and anti-inflammation. 5. In the case of Injinhotang in medicine comparison, HA tended to be more associated with hepatotoxicity over PO. However, Cordyceps Militaris Mycelia, Gagamsohaphyangwon and Hongdeungtang showed no prominent effective administration route.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.183-210
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• 1999

In order to investigate the protective effect of Injinhotanghapsihosogantang-gagambang on the liver injury of rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine, the serum transaminase(GOT&GPT) alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) for enzyme activities, triglyceride for serum component, liver weight and glutathione S-transferase(GST), Superoxide dimutase(SOD) were measured. All animals were divided into 5 groups, those were normal group(untreated), control group(treated with vehicle 0.9% Saline solution), sample I group(10mg/kg administrated), sample II group(30mg/kg administrated), Silymarin 200 administrated group. The results were as follows: 1. The inhibitory effects of the serum GOT activities in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were noted in both sample I (p<0.001) and sample II group(p<0.001). In serum GPT activities, sample I (p<0.01) and sample II group(p<0.01). 2. The inhibitory effects of the serum LDH activities in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were noted in both sample I (p<0.001) and sample II group(p<0.001). 3. The increased effects of the serum ALP activities in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were not recognized. 4. The inhibitory effects of the serum triglyceride content level in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were inhibited in only sample II group(p<0.05). 5. The increased effects of the liver weight level in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were inhibited in both sample I (p<0.05) and sample II group(p<0.05). 6. The inhibitory effects of the GST activities in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were not recognized. In SOD activities, both sample I (p<0.05) and sample II group(p<0.001) showed the inthbitory effects. 7. The inhibitory effects of in the serum GOT, GPT activities in rats induced by d-galactosamine were not recognized. 8. The increases of the serum LDH level in rats induced by d-galactosamine were noted in both sample I (p<0.01) and sample II group(p<0.001). 9. The inhibitory of the serum triglyceride content level in rats induced d-galactosamine were noted in only sample II group(p<0.05). According to the above results, it is considered that Injinhotanghapsihosogantang-gagambang has protective effect against liver injury in rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine.