• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.268-275
• /
• 2022

Objectives: This toxicological study was performed to assess for potential toxicity and to determine the approximate lethal dose of SU-Eohyeol pharmacopuncture (SUEP) following a single intramuscular injection of SUEP into male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The groups in our experiment consisted of an experimental group treated with SUEP at a dose of 1.0 mL/animal and a control group injected with a normal saline solution, and five male and female rats were placed in each group. Each animal was administered a single intramuscular injection. We monitored all rats for clinical signs and body weight changes for 14 days after administration. At the end of the observation period, the rats were euthanized and autopsied, and localized tolerance examinations were conducted at the site of administration of the test substance. Results: There were no deaths in either sex in the SUEP-treated group. There was no significant difference between the SUEP-treated group and the control group in the clinical signs and weight changes among the rats. In addition, no significant SUEP-related changes were observed on autopsy findings or local tolerance examinations at the injection site by histopathological examination. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the approximate lethal dose of a single intramuscular administration of SUEP in female and male rats under the conditions of this study is greater than 1.0 mL/animal. To determine the safety of the use of SUEP in Korean medical clinical practice, additional toxicity studies will be needed.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.37-52
• /
• 2016

To injection mould polymers, designing mould is a key task involving several critical decisions with direct implications to yield quality, productivity and frugality. One prominent decision among them is specifying sprue-bush conduit expansion as it significantly influences overall injection moulding; abstruseness anguish in its design criteria deceives direct determination. Intuitively designers decide it wisely and then exasperate by optimising or manipulating processing parameters. To overwhelm that anomaly this research aims at proposing an ideal design criteria holistically for all polymeric materials also tend as a functional assessment metric towards perfection i.e., criteria to specify sprue conduit size before mould development. Accordingly, a priori analytical criterion was deduced quantitatively as expansion ratio from ubiquitous empirical relationships specifically a.k.a an exclusive expansion angle imperatively configured for injectant properties. Its computational intelligence advantage was leveraged to augment functionality of perfectly injecting into an impression gap, while synchronising both injector capacity and desired moulding features. For comprehensiveness, it was continuously sensitised over infinite scale as an explicit factor dependent on in-situ spatio-temporal injectant state perplexity with discrete slope and altitude for each polymeric character. In which congregant ranges of apparent viscosity and shear thinning index were conceived to characteristically assort most thermoplastics. Thereon results accorded aggressive conduit expansion widening for viscous incrust, while a very aggressive narrowing for shear thinning encrust; among them apparent viscosity had relative dominance. This important rationale would certainly form a priori design basis as well diagnose filling issues causing several defects. Like this the proposed generic design criteria, being simple would immensely benefit mould designers besides serve as an inexpensive preventive cliché to moulders. Its adaption ease to practice manifests a hope of injection moulding extremely alluring polymers. Therefore, we concluded that appreciating injectant's polymeric character to design exclusive sprue bush offers a definite a priori advantage.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.243-246
• /
• 1999

Currently, dissection of the axillary or regional lymph nodes is considered the standard staging procedure in breast cancer. However, accumulating evidence is becoming available that the sentinel node concept may provide the same or even better staging information. In the case of melanoma, it is proven that the histological characteristics of the sentinel node reflect the histological characteristics of the distal part of the lymphatic basin. Morbidity can be reduced significantly by the use of sentinel node dissection as several authors have reported successful introduction of this technique into clinical practice. But in breast cancer patients, there are signigicant differences in practice relating to the technology, such as radiopharmaceuticals, injection sites, volume of injectate, combination with vital blue dye, preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, etc. Valuable reports on these topics appeared in recent journals. This review is a summary of those reports for nuclear physicians interested in sentinel node detection by lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer patients.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.62-73
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to develop a home care nursing management system based on the validated and useful data base found through literature review. The contents and structure according to a development procedure for a computer system were as follows. 1. A data base on home care nursing patients was accumulated by putting data respectively in both steps and fields - from selection criteria. basic information. prescription. plan of home visits. to application of nursing process. 2. Accumulated data was classified and designed to search by basic information. drug/injection prescription. examination prescription, treatment prescription. supply. and a record of the nursing process. 3. Various forms of retrieval including graphs were elaborated in terms of diagnosis and intervention aspects.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.169-179
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to develop and apply clinical nursing practice training simulation program using Standardized Patient for Nursing Students focused on infectious respiratory disease. This study is descriptive methodological study. Through prior consideration of documents and educational task of infectious respiratory disease was conducted with interview of clinical specialists of infection control managers. Development of educational task for infectious respiratory disease for Nursing Students went through the content validity. Finally, 10 educational tasks are developed 'knowledge of respiratory infections disease', 'hand washing', 'put on mask', 'lead to put on mask to patients and caregiver', 'intravenous injection via 3way', 'surgical aseptic technique', 'sterilization medical instrument', 'management of contaminated linen', 'infected personnel management manual'. The infectious respiratory disease simulation program was developed based on the ADDIE model and proceeded to 4 steps of analysis, design, development, implementation. The infection control education program included lectures (20 min), skill training (20 min), simulation using standardized patient (20 min), and debriefing (40 min), The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics with SPSS program for version 23.0. The results of this study confirmed that the clinical nursing practice training simulation program using standardized patients was effective in infectious respiratory disease of the nursing college students in knowledge of infectious respiratory disease and clinical nursing performance. we found this practical training program for nursing college students to improve knowledge and clinical competency of infection control. we expected that this developed program could be applied to practical training for various infectious control.

• 셀메드
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.13.1-13.3
• /
• 2012

Blood borne infectious diseases are usually a public concern. The transmissions of many diseases are via blood borne mode. Several activities are related to this transmission such as injection, blood transfusion and transplantation. Also, the acupuncture practice can be a possible route for blood borne infectious disease transmission. In this specific review, the author briefly reviews acupuncture and blood borne viral infections.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.381-394
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an intentional rounding protocol to enhance the clinical competence of nursing students. Methods: An intentional rounding protocol for nursing students' clinical practice was developed following the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. A convenient sampling method was used to select 23 junior year university nursing students during their clinical practice in adult nursing. The program evaluation included a quantitative assessment (communication and relationship efficacy, empathy, and patient safety competency) and focus group interviews. Results: The intentional rounding protocol focused on the 4Ps (pain, position, potty, and possessions) and encompassed aspects such as level of consciousness, pain management, personal care needs, intravenous injection, oxygen administration, nasogastric/nasoenteric tube care, maintenance of urine collection bags, and the identification of environmental fall risks. Nursing students performed intentional rounding at least twice a day. Following the implementation of this protocol, nursing students demonstrated a significant improvement in communication and interpersonal efficacy. The focus group interviews revealed four main themes: growth of human relationships, acquiring knowledge in and about the clinical field, becoming a nurse, and barriers in reality. Conclusion: The intentional rounding protocol has the potential to enhance nursing students' communication and interpersonal skills during clinical practice and to provide them with positive experiences in nursing clinical education. Therefore, it is recommended that this protocol be incorporated into nursing clinical practice education.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2013

목적: 관절와상완 관절내 주사의 도달법에 있어서, 현재 임상에서 선호되고 있는 맹검 도달법에 의한 전방 도달법과 초음파 장비를 이용한 후방 도달법의 주사 정확도를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 견관절의 관절와상완 관절내 주사를 시행하였으며, 시술 전-후의 임상 경과에 관한 의무기록 및 초음파 영상의 확인이 가능한 연속적인 95예를 대상으로 하였다. 맹검법을 사용하여 전방 도달을 시행한 52예(I군), 초음파 장비를 이용하여 후방 도달을 시행한 43예(II군)였다. 후방 관절내에서 주사액의 존재가 초음파로 확인된 경우에 관절내 주사의 성공으로 판정하였다. 주사 주입전과 주사 후 2주의 견관절의 운동 범위를 측정하였다. 시술 후 2주 추시시 환자의 주관적인 증상 호전 정도를 기록하였다. 결과: 맹검 전방도달법(I군)에서의 관절내 주사의 정확도는 80.8%였으며, 초음파 유도하 후방 도달법(II군)에서의 성공률은 90.7%였다. 모든 환자에게서 관절와 상완 관절내 주사의 도달법에 상관 없이, 견관절의 운동 범위의 증가를 보였다. 시술 후 2주 추시 관찰 시, 양호 이상의 만족을 보인 환자는 73.7%(70/95)였다. 결론: 맹검법에 의한 전방 도달법을 이용한 관절와상완 관절내 주사의 성공률은 80.8%였다. 초음파 장비를 이용한 후방 도달법을 이용한 관절와상완 관절내 주사의 성공률은 90.7%였다. 동일한 시술자에 의한 두 가지 방법의 비교 연구에서, 초음파 유도하 후방 도달법이 보다 우월한 정확도를 보였다.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to assess both the approximate lethal dose and the single dose intramuscular injection toxicity of Danggui (Angelica gigantis radix) pharmacopuncture (DGP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The experiments were conducted at the good laboratory practice (GLP) laboratory, Biotoxtech Co., which is a laboratory approved by the ministry of food and drug safety (MFDS). The study was performed according to the GLP regulation and the toxicity test guidelines of the MFDS (2009) after approval of the institutional animal care and use committee of Biotoxtech. Single doses of DGP were injected intramuscularly into the rats in three test groups of 6 week old SD rats (5 male and 5 female rats per groups) in the amounts of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mL/animal for groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and normal saline solution in the amount of 1.0 mL/animal was injected intramuscularly into the rats (5 male and 5 female rats) in the control group. Observations of the general symptoms and weight measurements were performed during the 14 day observation period after the injection. Hematologic and serum biochemical examination, necropsy, and a local tolerance test at the injection site were done after the observation period. Results: No death was observed in three test groups (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mL/animal group). In addition, the injection of DGP had no effect on general symptoms, weights, hematologic and serum biochemical examination, and necropsy. The results from the local tolerance tests at injection site showed no treatment related effects in the SD rats. Conclusion: The results of single dose intramuscular injection of DGP suggest that the approximate lethal dose is above 1.0 mL/animal for both male and female SD rats and that intramuscular injection of DGP may be safe.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study evaluated the single-dose toxicity of Saeng Maek San (SMS) in rats. Methods: All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech (Chungwon, Korea), an institute authorized to perform non-clinical studies under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). A single-dose intravenous toxicity study was carried out on 40 6-week-old Sprague-Daley rats. The animals were randomly divided into the following four groups of ten animals each: Group 1 (G1) was the control group, with each animal receiving an intravenous injection of 1.0 mL of saline, and Groups 2, 3 and 4 (G2, G3 and G4) were the experimental groups, with the animals in the groups receiving an injection of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mL of SMS, respectively. Mortality, clinical signs, body-weight changes and gross pathological findings were observed for 14 days following a single administration of SMS or saline. Organ weights, clinical chemistry and hematology were analyzed at 14 days. This study was conducted with the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths occurred in any of the four groups, indicating that the lethal dose of SMS in rats is greater than 1.0 mL/animal. Some changes in weights of male rats between the control group and the experimental groups were observed, but no significant changes in the weights of female rats were noted. To identify abnormalities in organs and tissues, we stained representative sections of each specified organ with hematoxylin and eosin for examination with a light microscope. No significant abnormalities were observed in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusion: The results suggest that intravenous injection of SMS is a safe method of treatment.